
Դ⡢䡢ɾɫʣ͸зǱصĶ֮Դ
ϴѧͬûʡС


ҰᣬһճձУҵڴ渮ѧѧѧƺһձװ˾ʦͬʱҲС˵ĴͶԳƪС˵ΪĽҲ
ʮʱڣΪĶСԪ׵ý赶ɱˡøжַԪšߡĽ㡷ԾԾԵشΪ⣬׫дױƪС˵ȻѧʱڵڶͬѧҸʡ
һŰ꣬żǵļҡͶ彭ҲѡһŰ꣬ħΧδܻ񽱣꡶ѧഺУ԰ıںϸŮʣɭԣĪزҡͬõʮһ콭Ҳ
Ź⻷ĶҰᣬý漴ȥȶǰ¾дȻ˺սʮ꣬;һžžԡܡһõʮձЭά⣬ȴǺʹСֱ԰ݹ֮ɷصö󽱵Ŀ϶ٶ̳һλϯΣ̿νѡ
Ƚ϶ҰڡڵڵƷת䣬ԽԺ͹ԵıжϡڶԱ͵ƷΪŸɾȾɫӡѧ󡷡ʮһɱˡʶԹΪĵ˼룻ڴżƵͬʱĶɫҲֵ൱⡷˵ǵе̳֮Ȼ˽ڣǿĹԵںţ硶ɷص֮顣
ͷӶҰĴ켣ʵȤġΪŮӸУഺ벻˫߻ɬصҵѩ»ɱϷɽׯɱ¼սģ̽Ϊѧ硶ѧֵɱˡʮݷС󡷽ΪǵС˵ɴ˿ɼҰڳڵĴϣΪϲսҵĹɣҲΪҪǡ
³˹ࡷһŰ˩ڣŸ߶ȵĽշɣŵ㡣ȻƷŨԼԣȻдʵȻҫţ۵ĲԵĺڰڱѿɿһߣЩصΪҰдϴĶ
ҵΪ̨һŮְԱĻΪ㣬ϵ֮ΪȫԼڹ˾λǰ;ֲ߻ɱŮӣ͸ֹ˴˵Ĳڳ֤νһȫ趨Ĳãɴǣʷ˹Patricia Highsmith𳵹ֿ͡ɱˡ޶Ĵͼʽ
ԷС˵еĿͷΪɽŵգ;¶ѪԵȹϵɵĲԼڼзǣҲ˶ǱҰģ漳ӪӪ̬ȷֵ߳ظܺڰζ
ȻдòȻϸ֣ȻԲе¼һΪǰһԱΪҵɥһǽɱ˵ĹִС
ȳֵת۵ʬ屻ʵԭļƻ뽺ţҲƶƷݵḶ̌ʹñΪһרעڽƷ⣬ںĸʡ̬ȼᶨĲأ֮Ĳ¼ɺƻⳡֲƽ
³˹Ϊ˵ֻ֣ճжӵзС޾ϲŭֵ໥գҲöࡣȻʵԭΪɣˡض巸ﹹͼƴɣռżΪҪλãǼ̽鰸Ĺ̵УʰʧĻڣô۸ӵ˼ʹϵ̨棬¼ȫò̯ڶǰ
ڶʮĴ棬Ұᴴ˼λ̽мӺعһϵСһϵмѧϵСӺعһԡҵѩ»ɱϷǳٶڡ˯ɭ֡ѧתΪ̾ƷںҲʼʱεԾ˭ɱ⡷ɱȣǵеĺպ֮һΪϵǵƷ࣬硶̽򡷡̽丿Ĭ̶Ȥѧϵ̽νع߸ѧײƷΪ̽٤ԡԵĿѧΪ飬ֲ˼¼˼Ԥ֪Ρ฻ʣ뾭ѵĹ֮˵⣬ÿѧ߼βǰƷԶƪΪѧĸɫȻڡɷصµǳΪѧʯԾĸΪǿСʥŮľ꡷٤ԵĿաȡ
Щϵ֮⣬һЩɢû̽ļӳ֣ûзĹƣ಻ɭֲķΧ³˹ࡷǰ趨ݷС˵ķζԴ⡢䡢ɾɫʣ͸зǱصĶ֮Դڴˣضö߶ڶҰŸȫʶڴ






ֱԣߵ¶еһĪ
ͣ½Ų̧ͷֱ塣ޱزͣ趯˫ϸֱۣҾ׼档ĶһоκĿԣվһԵĴӡӸֱһ򣬸ϸװ뺸ӣֱĹװ
¶뿪ֱʹӣصߵʼƽ·ߡڹ΢ʵһƬҲǵĹӰ졣ΪЩûйߵĻ·û취ˡÿ߼߾ͻͣ½ŲߵȺĬĹΡ
ʱ賿㡣װУʮ̨ϢԷһʮСʱ乤ĹԱ¶ҲֻˣȻȴϰʱһͬ档Ϊһֵհ࣬һ˾ֵҹ࣬˴򿨵ϵּ
¶ʮ̨Ļ˶ȹҹʱͬ»ࡣֻʱᣬҲ棬ΪҲֻҪˡ
°¶»صᣬרΪҹԱԱѳԵײͣϴ裬Ԥ¼õ¼˯˯𴲳ѳԵĲ͵㣬Ȼϰࡣʮ̨ƽɵĶȫͬĹ¶ĴѲߣ
ܣֵܺҹࡣѾһˡ
ܲˣ¶̧ͷŴͺӻҹ󣬽ǵʮ졣˵˵ĴС
ŮѣƮݣ˲ɵ뵽ձż¶ÿһ档ԼΪĬԣŮĻҲ١ʹˣദʱԣһָ񵤣ʹΪ֮һٷܶһڡ
ǰһӵգΪƲ¶޷棬ֻöϽֹȻؼҡȻת飬ȴ޷͸ԼᲢۡ
û¶ıܼ尾ֵҹ࣬ͨ绰ܴ
֮跨ͷҵŲСٶȰԼȻûܸĸʶ飬˲ܳϦദǼݹͰ첻ˡ˴ʱȥÿܾͼȥҲϡƽҪȫҹ췽ҹ̷ܺùڡл˿һ¶ԣͺˣʹ΢Ҳν
֪ĸŷϣΪ롣һŻҵԱ¶졣
ʱ֪ͨ״쳣ľ𡣾¶ղķž˸ĵƹ⣬ٲ򷢳״쳣ѶϢĻˡ΢죬̷һ̨ˡ˵Ļ˴ס
Ȼ㰡¶ͣڴӦ豸ȡ״̬һ䡣ˣȴӦ豸ǻ˴ӡڵװƷʹϷŸֳߴ;еμΪ
Ӧ豸λڴӺֱ֮䡣
¶һȻббؿסˣÿȴôҲò
治ԣ¶̧ͷŴ˵
һ˲䣬ˡֱڴϵӰӶ
Ͼͷʱֱϸĸֱ˹ñͷϡ
̻ʣ˵ڻǰҵƽ̨ϡ
ֱѹϡ΢úҲʧˡ
ֱ֪ͨ״쳣ľ𣬵ȴ˸
·賿㡣
ֱʹ֮⣬ʵسҵʧȥԱǸ˰ΣϵľΪǷȱ



һ    ıɱ

1


װǱԵĵһۣʱӶʮʮŷֱɶʮʮ֡Ҳ˵ݽ֮һСʱѾ뾲ԡ
졣ĩҲûгԤʱ֮ǰӦûִľɡ
ںľжͽˣ쭻ݾˡҲ쵽һ룬뻹ˡΪ˱ģһ·ŲûٱһȡֻǳҪΪٶľǿɾˡΪо·εļ¼ھϡ
Ҳһ۳ٱʱһֱάڰʮһٹķΧڡտʱҲôؽͨ򿪳ǰȫβʱһɳ嶯ţڲȥ֮ǰӲסĿǰȻִľӽת·ΣҲ٣Сת̡һ󿨳߳ȥת֮󣬺󷽵Ļܷ졣Ҳȫһ١ҲעǰӾܡɫ˯΢ıλãΪתƶ֮⣬ƺ״
ҲǣӾӳճ󷽳ĳͷơҲֳʻڸٹ·ϣÿ˶볬Ҳĳ
ЩһŲ²ҳʲôɡҲƳܵĳһۣ¶Цݡ
ǰ
ЦˣҲӲڿڣݺݵصӽ˫ֻϷɻȥֹͣĶ
ҵȻûڿЦȻЩңȴ侲Ů˾жص˻ɤԼձ˵٣Խ
˵ҵôܣҲǻʹ˸ؽϡ
ʱü䣬˫ۣۿҲʵʲôѪͣ
ô֪
˵O͡ӵѪOͣͺܿĺӡ
㽻ˣҲAͻB͵İɣ£ҲO͵ĺӣ˭֪ĺ˭ְ
ӿЦ˵˵
װˣΪʲô֪𣿡
ҿû룬кܶӦò֪
õɣҲʡ
ϴЦݣˬػش𣺡Ҫ
㲻˭ĺӣȴҪ
֪ˣһ֪ش
Բҵĺӡ
˵̫ĺӣҲ⡣
֪˭ĺ֮ô
Ҫ𡣡ӵ·˵쾭¡
ҪԷô𣿡Ҳһʣ۾
˺Ҫз𣬻õ˵Ҫô𣿡
𣿱ˡӦԼˣڲµġ
֪رǶԣǹؼʱ̡¶ָ
ֻҪĺӾˣҲҪȢҡ԰ɣ
Ҫַթ𣿡
áթۡӦеȨɣ˵㼴õĲƲḶҵĽ
⻰𣿡
Ȼġ
Ҳ̧˫ȣͦϰһ룬˴ǿΪһ״ֱ̬쳤ֱۣ˫ƹסӵĲӡõɡҲ˵ӡЦݴӿʧˣ¡鷿΢伱ٵĺҡΣһˮ˳ŲҲϡ
Ҫɱ𣿡
ҲһǿĴָЌЩ־壬Ȼ˫ȻرֳļǿҲ΢ָһӲҰɣҵĺӣһ׮ˣ𣿡
ô˵ҶõӡӵıָֻݣӺɫĴ¶׵ݣ˵Ѿ¶ˡ
ҲٶսϸĲӣɴӡͬʱҲоĴУɴ̼ٶȳѪȵָ㹻Ӳ֮Ҳʼ͡סӲӵƣ˶˫ۣ촽΢šҲ˵ͬĻɣҲ˵
΢΢۾бһۣȻ¶һĨЦ·ٶƷŮζƵģпʼ
Ҫ־͵ó磬Ҳ˫ɫ촽˼Žô


2


ĩҲְҪҵMMعھŸͷ
оΣĿǰҪ˹ܻ˵ĿӦáصԭڵܹ˾¥ڣÿ»ȥΈĹΪҲֿĻҲΪԼǱѡеˡⲻָݼӢӣζӦӮҡˣҲһ·ǵ񣬷˵ȫ෴̺أɥĸɴˮ๤ĸһγ󡣵УûչָǺȵΪ۵ľƣСѧҲӪͷѳٽҲ˿Ϊ⡣Ĺ̬ɢ첶ɹǵȥĸ׵ʱҲ󷹸ǳԡҲֻϲĿҲϲˡ
ǷǼ֮󣬰Ҳˡ
һ죬ҲѧؼңڴִȵشһƵĸװƵϡһҲżֹ̳ͣ˻ҵȹں󣬴ҲԿ첽ȥ̵պףʲôҹۡҲžĿıӰĸ׵ҲǸΪľ壬ֻ֪԰ò¡
׽ƿϹ󣬷ֶӵߣ˵ʲô񣿣
ʹʮҲһѣ˵ͷ͵ײǣʹȥְסͷմѪʹˣû¶ĵɫҲҶ󷽣ҵ˺ۡҲʱڣޡ︸סңҲҪҲĻͷȹÿһ졣ϸ֮󲻾ã׵̬һٰʮȵĴת䡣ʼȽ湤ҾҲ̫ˡ¶ĵЦ˵ѧ˵ǵǮһ𡣡
ҲȻѧԶһѧΪĿꡣΪԼѧһֱƴ飬ѹָȻҲȫܸ׵ȵбҵʹ͸ʵϵضϾӹϵ콱ѧ𡢴򹤣ԼһӦҲŵȥ֮ͻȻı̬ȣ϶Ǹоĵ뷨С޴˵ͣƺڿʼԼ괺죬ҲԼⶨļƻ˳ؿ˶ĴѧѧѺͰҷȫԼ롣ϸ֮һֱ򹤴ǮΪһ졣ǰһϣ׺˵ʲôҲҲ˵Ϊ˸˵ĻɡҲ룺ˣǿҪЦ˵ĴˡҲϼװ˯ˡ
ҵϣɱĺ¸ߡûаСӳԶȥĹ磬д󺰣ãһۣԼԱٻͷ
Ϊѧ֮ҲȻȱŬüϵĿȫϣÿһƶĳɼ򹤷棬ܶ壬зŵ㣬ҪѡصĹϴѧһֻŮӹͬ٭ǣҲֻǺܿɱ룬ǲǱѡеˡ
ҲҲ˼ŮѣŮӴѧѧȻͽԣǲĹ߰ˡȻз鷿ϸ˫ȣûκҲҪĹϵȫƽвͥŮȷгŮҲμҵĶŮңһشԡ
о֮ǰҲ֪׹ˡ˵ѪҲӵ֪ͨʱĸǣʱתˡΪҲ϶֮һҲûعϼңסǸԳԼ׵ˣķաҲģҪǱ֪Լ˵Ķӣ˵ҹӰ졣ҹҲģףˡˬҹ̲ס͵Ц
׵尴ϰˡӴ֮ҲȥɨĹĩԭûиԣں˵ĹʲôС
оʱУMMعĲѧǿһˡˣоҵҹʱMMعʱ˳ر¼ȡˡ˾оµо䵽оš˾ǿӭ½Ա
ˣŮڿˡʱҲ롣˾һʼ൱ڴҲı֣Ҳûù˾ʧϯĴһһȵоᣬζз͵ӾʶʱձڵѧᱸĿĹѧϷνһ˳˾мӣҲΪȻġΪԼĸȮ졣Ȼ״ΪڵԼǶٱȱġ͹Բ˱ϢʵǰΪƽȣֻǸ롣ϳ˲ƽӣÿڳһ˲𣬾ͱֵ˸ʽĽײ㡣
ԼһһҲվϽˣΪͳߡĿꡣ


3


ʿ𽥽ӽԭһЪϢǼ¿ûôƣ͵δϵʱþ׼ޱȣû˿ȻģΪµңôܻʧš
ӱһٶʻľ

Ҳ룬ʿԼһ˵¡ʿMMعʿһɵĶӣʿƲ̳һӴŲڻרζµĴλ
ʿĿǰͶעҲǸĻҵڈ¹ʹԼҹ˾ƷһȫԶʾᳫ󻮰ҲʿơҲרζʹϵʵȻһ糤ܿܳմȨˣһĹϵû塣ʿҲӦ֪ҲʵʳɼҲζ˽һԱ빫˾ɲ֮䣬δ̫ˡҲǧټѼʿƵϢĿ깬ϡȥ괺죬ӱ䵽ҵһȺ˵УעĿٶΪϿܻŷ˵Ѫͳ񻣬ҽʱĿо󷽡
½Աֵе̫Ȼ˰ɣ֮ǰǲǵҵЩûڵµͬ»˵ҲҲͬĸо˾ƺͳŵ㡣ϰڼ䵽ɲ칫ңҲ˵רζ»µ
Ҳ취ӽ깬ӡȡֶμΪ׼Ӱʱؼҵ·ϡлҪ˵Ϊһͬòͣ¶ɵı飬Ȼ˵һĵȻ͵ȥĵꡣ
Ҳʱ룬Ů˺ϰ߱˴ڨˡ
ҲҲżɽص㣬ʾϣ͸¶ʿרζµϢ
Ϣ۾ʵ
ëƤСҲã˵ǽԤгΰţڶʲôȤԡ
Ԥгָ̣ԤĹ𣿡
ҲУԵĻҲ֪˽˵Ԥг̣ǸϲʲôҲá
ôһ˵ǿ͸뷨Ƶģ΢΢̧ͷȻһЦʵĩڴʲôⰡ
Ҳ鷳Ҳ˵ΣԸԸṩϢȻҲġô˵нϰܸޡ
΢ʼ磬¶ı飬˵ͦȤģڵһ
Ҳһֱ飬ȻǶʮС
ô˳ṩҪϢ𣿱ϾֻԱֲרζµ顣
㲻õġֻҪйרζµϢʲôá
ƫͷ΢һ£Ȼ΢Ц֪ˡ˭аҵǲݼӢʵû취ܾ
ʱ˵Ҳ˽ϢĳԼãܼһ棬ʲôرϢʱɿ硣ȣʿԤӲ죬ע󻮰ȣ಻Ҳ֪飬ԽԽʿ˽йصϢɼҲ˲СṩϢУһҲȤģйڷһ¡ڷʿͶעķɻҵоΣҲʿƵĳŮɳ֯ɷɳ֯ʮ꣬ڷʮꡣǰʿͬڷʵŮ¼޸
רζ¾˵ŮĽǷŲҪҪǷ߱ʿƼҵı¡ӺȾƣۿҲ˵һӣ˿ʼڲͺȵСơ
MXˡMXָĿǰMMعУԶ̳Ϊԭ͵ķɻʹԴЧ˳Ľɹشɡ½ʱĻо롣ڷMXͿŶӵ쵼ˣҲڲͬҵҲԭ֮һ˲̸
ɻҵоڷ굶
Ҳҥԡ仰˵ָ¸ɾ䡣ίlǸʵˣ˲òࡣ
ڷϰĶӣרζѡŮΪ˼ͲĹϵ
ƺ
ҲڿƵƵСʿƼҡ仰
λҲװ׵ڴһɫŷڿǰҵ⡣˼࣬͵ǽл񡣡
ӽĿŷϣ΢ЦŽŷƻҲǰԷҾùⲻȥҲֶ
ûжǮ͵Ǹ鷳һ⡣
ϡûаʲôæĿģҪṩϢʱͷҾˡӶ۾˵
Ҳ΢ԥһ£ŷǣһ̯ɡ
ӻ۵ͷһҲ˴Ҳ֮ǰͲԼкøУҲӿϸоʹ˻ΪΪκʽֻҪְϵŮ˷ϵΣաԺͿӷϵζ˶ĽġҲºڵʱĴĴ⡣СͱһκʱֻԼΪεʱôĴأҲ֪ԭΪԼ̼ܵɥʧȷжȻ¸֪֮ϴһʧߡ
ݿṩϽӽʿƵĲԣʼЧҲܹʿƵϲķлʱҲҲ⡣ҲԸʿʮ˽ԼʵΪֻҪܹ跨˽˹ϵԼ϶ǰ;һرƽʱ˵м档ʱṩϢ꣬ʱϵȻȻ¡
ϢСˡ
С㣬ָרζµСŮ𣿡
˵Ѿɳ֯棬һĿǰѧŮ
רζ½ġѾõĴûᡣʱѶָա
û᣿ʲô˼Ҳʡ
һı顣ʱٶҮ㲻Ǵѭڷģʽ𣿡
ģʽôһ˵Ҳ뵽ˡĿǺʿƽ˽˹ϵûбȢŮܵ˽˹ϵˡ˵ӻѧձӿмйĻ⣬Ҳδǹԡ
Сʱ𣿡Ҳʵ
Ӧ˵ǣѧѾˣרζºǸˡ
ǳ𣿡
ǰôģʿƼûĽӰˡӵԴ
Ӱָʿֱɳ֯ӵĸ磬ĿǰڻҵĿңͷҳֻҲ곤һȴд˵λſ˵Ÿ׵Ȩơ
ҲԣӽֱҲʧΪȨһ֮ûôΪΪۺֱֹϵôࡣȻҳλʵȨȴǱ곤ĸҳҲ˵ϲ˵רζ£˲ѧСľżˡ
ʿƼҵĽӰˣûʵȨûˡҲĽۡ
רζµ£˵Ŀǰֲרζ¿϶һ糤ǵڶǸУʿƼҲ˵ǸǡҪڶˣڷҲһˡ
ʿŮǾ߱ʿƼҵı¡µɣ
һӵˡ
ԭһⰡ
ǻҲԭ֮һƺСҪ󡣷ŮӶһ£ôһԼϲ¡Ҫǣ뿪Ŀǰסĺլ
ܴࡣ
˵мƺʿƺҲɳ֯򸾸һСķӣСס˴ƺĺլ޷ҵĴھķӰɡ
ѽѽҲ̾˿Ȼٶ˼ԼǰĴûᡣԼĿף޷ģҪһϸ߸ϵĵλ̶ֳȵҰҲ޿ɺǵģ
ʿƼйᰴٰ촺ɶԣ˵궼ֻҵϵĸ߼ɲǽӦûָλԱΪ˼ڲʵǱġ
ѡ𣿡Ҳʡ
ӱһֻ۾Ůһ
ԭˡ
ⲹһ㣬רζĿеĵһѡ㡣³׵ˡ
รһѡҲϲ֣¡Ը˵еĵһѽΡݿṩϢӽʿӦҲûа׷ѹ
ҲͷӱĲʿһоԴ΢΢飬սƱоԼҲյĶ־ӿձ˵밡˵૵


4


ҲͣھԶϴּĵط³֮ǰȷϻܡȻλ΢ıˣë̺û䡣ҹ߻谵˿Ҳû϶ѵʲôҲ³ȷÿһȳŶ߽֮ϴּ䡣Сź΢ƽЩҲ룬ʱֻ̡ڸʱڳ̣ǹϴּԲŸʽԶҲһܺڿȣߺȱҹաǴƷ̽ͷõĻꡣ룬ҹȻˡ

ҽ֮Ҳ͵һۡϸͷСٵ۾ԵýϴɫװҲΪȱݡҲԵҽܣԿҲĿཻҲֻ÷ǵļ⣬΢΢һЦȴ°ͣߡ
˼Ҳȷš
ʿƼҾٰĴɶϣȻͬ˵ʿ˼ԱҲҲһԱʿǰͷʵʳɼ޿ޣᱻҲȻ£ʿʽʱҲ˿ɶԻ᳡һʮƺܲĿһſҵϵĸɲְλߵԱĩ
ʿҲҽܣʿ˵ǧѷĺûᣬϼǰһҲףΪͬϯӶҽسգǰ΢ŵķΧһɨաĸɲܵʿԡǰ˷־ʿҲܺá
ϯҲҲվӰϵĻƿгһõ廨Ȼȷû˿׷뿪ת䣬ҪǰҡĻͲ̫Ҫı˿ˡҲ룬ǸûᡣټʿƼУȻ󲿷ָװʽԴʽլڹӵķòܹԺĲҲ֮һվϣ㱵ͥԺһҲӰָǰǿı顣
˼ݳʧģҸղȥϲΪ̫ҲС·
ޱۿ͵
ҲвϷ룬¶ЦƭġʵβС˵˵
Ȼһʼ˵ͺˡ˵꣬ӽתͥԺķޱ顣
˵ҲǡˡҲҿٿһ𣿡
΢תӣ˵롣
Ҳվԣ΢΢ɢˮζ
ˡ˵꣬ҲӵĲ
촽ȻС˵
𣿡Ҳʵ
Ҳǡ˵ģȴ˾ƨҽܡ
ԭˡҲɦɦ
Ҵûĵϣоһ˿
ǣлɶԣǷͻСأҲ˵
ʱ¶ǱɫȻһ˫ˮۺݺݵصһۡʲô˼
СӦ
ڹ۲ʲôϡ䱦ƵģעҲ֡ΪңŹ𣿡
ûǸ˼ֻ˵˵ѡ㲻𣿡
ûжԴ˻شٶȲҲ֪٣Һҽ㲻һҲҸƴӡҴԼԼĽ󡣡
ܺãҲһһ˵꣬ҲӰĻƿ͵ĺõݵǰ֪ԼװģӽõУ۾ӴսꡣҪ˵ʱҲ󷢳ͷһǰվڷһȻҲϯⳡɶԡҲ룬˸ղŵĶԻɡ˵ıԽ޷κжϡϸµٸһʵĸо۶˭˾ĳǸʿ֮ѡΪŮɷ򣬻ҲΪԵʡ
С㣬רζ㡣ڷϼЦݡϰߣʿưְ֡
ӡมӦһҲԣ·ϻͷ˵ϴֱּߵף·ˡ
еõ廨һԵͰȻ󾭹ڷǰʧڿķ
ҲڷиҲؿǾʱڷ˵ֱ׼
Ҳȵͣ½Ų
˵ֱ׼ֶΣһʼᡣ
Ҳڷһۡƺû˵ϵĻԵ̩Ȼ
Ҫ͡ҲûκλӦڷ˵仰ļоٲȥ

ɶԽһܺʿҲȥ
֮ǰ˵ܻ߶𣿡ʿһҲժ½۾˵񣬷·뿴Ҳıʡ
ֻܻǴȤѡʿ˵ǰҲҽܵݡ
ν֮߶ɣģһҪ㡣
ʿϣҲմԼȥԭԤȥ򣬵Ϊмû취ȥ
룬ӦúҲȽϺϵôԸȥ𣿡
ȻҲ˵֮Ķʿƽѡӵɷû뵽Ᾱʽš
ʣµĳԱأòҺ˴ɣ
ţʣµĳԱѾˡӦҲʶɣһεű
űҲ졣Ȼǰ´ɶˡҲ˾һֿ꣬޻ˣĿҲӡУǸĻԲȱǵˡ
һˣڷҲǡҲܲǾһϸ°ɡ
ڷҲҲ룬⽫һиĸ߶

Ǹ죬˵һ£˸е䡣ְҵŮ߶ѡֶμ穵װһһʱ̧ͷҲ˵˵Һúüʶ򼼡
Ҳ¶Цǲ͵ĺ򼼣Ҵ仨ˮأ
ûǻ¡Ҹģٳˡӻһ˵꣬ЦݵűͶԴҲʱ̬ȽȻͬűԵŤŤ
ʼ֮ӵ̬Ҳı䡣ǵغű̸ǶҲȴ䵭ҲĳɼãҲ˵Ҫԭ
ͦġڳ̬ȣ֤һ㡣һʱڷҲ
ûǻ°ɣɶԵʱҲҵĴڡ
ǧС㾭ӦҲ֪ⳡ߶רζƵİɣ
֪֪
ָȷʵרζ£㣬ǲĬġһ·ϣڱտڽҲ㡣˵㻵ˡ˵ֿܲˡ
ҿ𣿡
ԱǱòֻĿġҲ֪һ㣬Էɡڷһ˵꣬Цˣһ
˴Ϣò͡ĳɼڷҲֲͬеһӡ¸Ҳԭ֮һտʼѧ߶űȫ䤱
͹󣬵Ҳڴʱԡ
ҽҫ򼼣Ȼˢӡܾ𣿡ԴϼڶζԼ˵
ǰҿʼġϰİɡ
ôŬ򣬹ȻΪ˳ͷأˮĴ۾ֱصҲ
ûлش⣬СҲϰߴ򳤳̡
Ҳ˵һ룬Ϳʼҡͷ״͸ˣѾɴؼˡӲõ˵꣬Ѹ߿ˡ
ִһ룬ڷֶҲ˵ȸһҸ档
ʲôҸ棿
Ŀ겻ֻСһˡȻõרζʶصڣʵһǿС
ҳ𣿡Ҳиʿֱʵ
ڷͷô˵ҲʿƼҵĽӰˡѡרζµŮҳĵļҳȽϺá
Ҳ˵ڷһϸˡҲĿתڷ΢
ǰɡĸһȹ̵ĵλͬʱԶݸĽɫ֮ƺǸֱ
вร
ǲǾΡҰ޷ýġһΪ׸ԡ
һᵱοҲ˵ʱӴ˵һ

ǵҪӵɷֱȷռоصķҲ룬Ǹļ߶󣬵ҲصԢڻ·ʱ绰𡣵ӵʱʶսȭͷ
Ҵ˺üε绰ҮղŻڹ˾𣿡֡ʱָʮ㡣
ΪҳԹŻġˣǰһлл㡣
úˡڳҡ
𣿡
ô˵İɣҰСʱȥ㻻·ڹԢǰҡ
ҲӦ绰͹Ҷˡ
ӵķԸڹԢǰһɫʱݣͣǰڼʻϣ°ָָʻ
ҲϽϳ
ҪȥҲ̽ԵʣǰûҪش˼Ҳ׷ʣ忿αϡ
ӿٹ·ҲóƱǰʱŵһɵľС㣬ǲǺ˾أ
ǰĴָʳָʮҵĿȡ
ʲô˼ʵ
Һôء
Ҳɴ۾ʲôЦС㣬ѳͣ·磬
ȻӲһͲšۿٶȱָҲӳαоѹҸ亹ֱС㡣
ˡ١ʱһٹʻݡʧں󷽡Ҳٶ˵תעǰӵĲ׼Ա㷢ʲôʱ̷ܹӦ
ĩӳʻʵҽ԰ɣ
Ҳûϻشǵʣ뻹ǲ룿
롣
ӵͷ·˵ܺá
㰮ô롢кͼǶɣǲҲν
ҲĬ
Ϊ˴ĿҸ׻ģҲɡҸҡβΪǸ˺ҵδ޹ϸ𡣡
ҲҡβҲܲע
ע
ôСҲ˵һ룬ת̣нڳڲ೬ǰֿת̣صڳΣգ÷١
˵ˣұΣա㲻׼Ҹ硣Ҳ˭˵ʲôֻΪԼѡԼĽ󣬶Ϊ˶ѡ˳һ㣬ʿƼҵĽӰ˲Ǹˣˡ
ӶԼͽĽǱѡΪֱ˸е˵ֶԻҲʿƼݹӲŻ˱װɡҲʱԼΪͲеĳԤС仰˵ζԼеķˡֳһ󣬻ƽˣ뿪ٹ·ضĳȻ٣ԭ·۷Դһ֮ӾҲˣһԷȾƣ䵱˾Ҳѽʱһֱڳϸɵȡʹˣ֮ĹϵǲʵҲоĿǰչ÷ǳ˳
룬ΪˡͻȻʵںܼ֡


5


Ϊβ̥أҲδȫɡΪڹºӣԲҲ񷴶ǻһֱĹϵȻȴ˵ҪѺҪҲΪ˸øΡиȾǡ红ġ
ҲԼ֮⣬˭йϵ޴жϣĺԼĻж󡣵ǣ룺㺢ӲԼģСǲ̫áϾ£ܿͿ֮Ĺϵع⡣Եñ⡣Ҳ֪ʿӵĺǿͿӵĹϵ¼¶ӵĻ¸ˮǲ˵ԼMMعڵĵλҲ
ҲǵΪУסʱĴСʱԵĻ
ŸϽ跨⣬ȴ޶ԲߣΨʱš
Ҳʱʿֱ

˵ǿҳʵֻʵϷʩǸҳcԭˣҲ뿪ҿʱһ㶼ǺcԭۡcԭʮԱֱǿ׵ȨҳĴλˡǱ˶ҲԾֱһ춼ԼҸڵİ칫СҲǰֱİ칫ңǰ߶ʱű˾ѾˡҲ룬ҪĹȻǺйص¡
µˡֱһҲվָһԵĻűҲԡֱ칫ΨһһŮ˵ɭС㣬ܲȥһ£
ɭŮԱӦ뿪˰칫ҡҳȴרð칫ңӴԱڲ࣬ҲʿƼҵȨɡҲٶ֪㣬ĿıӰȥ
áֱҲǶ˫ֽϣͷĬ˼οڡıЩӦӰɡҲ֪ŮԱ˵˧룬ǲݷ񶨵¡
Ĩǣлֱ˵ȽϺðɡ˼κֱ˵ҾͿżɽ˵ˡ
Ҳűһͷ룬һйӵ¡Ȼֱ˵֣ȴȫ֮⡣
Ҫ˵Ҳûģ깬ӻˡ˵
Ҳʱƿԣֻǿֱ١űҲĿɿڴֱ˵ķӦеȤƵ¶΢ЦЦ⡣
һɡҲѹ֪֡ҲǿӵʱҲŵ
ҲҲ˵꿴ֱô˵ҳҲǣ
ѽô¡ֱ˵
ҲиֿӵŮ˻ǽ̤ţĿתűűҲͬ鿴ҲȻʼ磬ҡҡͷ
һǻˣû뵽
ҵĽֱֻ˵꣬Ϊ˹˵ԼУƺҲͬһʱڡԻҲֱ̥Ҳ߷硣Ҳ룬Ⲣ⡣
ʵ˵͸Խֱ¶Ц룬ҳ˵Ϊ֪Ӻ֮ڽ
ǲأҲʵ
Ըٿӡ൱ѣҲͦȤġл˼棬е㽹ꡣ
ֱ࿴˵Ȼ˵űģĩڶӦú档˵ûɣ
ҳһ𣿡Ҳ뿪Цʡ
¶ˡһֱµش˭ûй̶ڣֻ
ܸôű
û¡
ǣҲ˵ҳǣôأŪ庢ӵĸ˭𣿡
õͺˡǣǲܵ¡ܴƱﻳľԲԼĺȸǣû취˵Ǻӵĸס
λҲűĬˡǵģֱصͷ
룬ҵһϣݱ÷ǳ⡣ҵĺӣŮ˴ŻҪӴһӡ˵⣬ʿƼҵĳУڹ˾ĵλҲ᧿Σ
Ϊ˷ֹֻĺ˰ɡҲ˵
Ů˻ҲǴ̡ǣû취顣
ˣֱҲǣмȷһ£׼𣿼ԼǺӵĸףĳʽ׼𣿡
ԼҲֻȻش𡣡̹˵ҺԽ
Ҳǣ㻹ӡ㲻ԼĺӣһΪ¶֪ͿӵĹϵ롣
ֱ΢ŤǣȻƵűϡô
Ҳһű̹˵ҷСɷˡǣҷΪ£òһ·˳ߵ죬ҲʱԸͷ
ǣô죿
⡭űڳˡ
ֱͷ̡ҲͷðỊ̇ȴһ仰
룬Ҳ˼ˡôһ俪ףȻָһʱ䡣ҲűĬֱ۾˵һֱ룬ĻǶá
ҲԵűͷֵҺ
֮һĬã̵̵ֱڲ̻ҸϨ
ĻǶáֱظ֮󣬿ˡû𣿡
Ҳ۲űı飬СԼһĺֵڶͷϣһҲҲֱ֮⣬޷Ĩǵػش
ʵиƻֱ˵ʲôƻ˵ǴҲ֪ɡƻҪǵЭ˵ǡӦ˵ƻ˺˳СǶҪ죬齫һʰ
ʹˣҲűȻһãֱα˵ˡǴҪʱ俼ǡϣڷ궩˷䡣ＯϰɡӦףһΣѾûʱˡ
ֱԵͳɤˡ
һҲԼ˼ֱ顣ˣѾֱ˵ҲΪķֻһֻɱ˿ӡǿ˷Ŀǰϲߡ
ҲҲĳͻ¹ÿôһѱӲҲ룬ֻɱôΪŮˣԼĴǰ̡Ʋ²̸ҲҲ뵽ֱû뵽ҲͿȾ׵߸ҲֱֵӡҲ֮ǰһֱΪһ޳ɣǸֻڸ뿪İ칫붫
Ȼʱ̫ԣĿ࿴ˡҲʵĸ롣ֱͬӵͬܣҲġվԼߣӵҲеø˳űܹ˵ʲô̶أǰǣûеɱأ
߽ͺ˰ɣͷӹԺҲԼɱ̫ףҡҡͷԼۼڶڷһͷСһ˫˷һŲ輸ӡҲűϣֱڴϡ
YesNo¶𣿡ֱ˵˵
Ҳȷű΢΢ͷԼҲͷ
ܺá̹˵ǵڹۻԥĻҴ㲻ǵĴ𰸣ֱӳȥ˵ֱ꣬ó˿ƣҲűһơҲһǹơֱʣµƵݵҲǰҪһš
ôʲô˼Ҳʵ
Ǵ𰸵ķֱ
Ҳûнһ׷ʣűسһţǷűҲһĪһš
ã˵һֱ̡˵óһֽɵĺӡYesͽƷŽӣNoͷŽһơŶǹƵĻǵЭ̸ˡһһƣǵľۻ͵˽취ӵ⡣
Ҳ룺ԭˣ̸ܵ£ֱҲ֪˭Yes˭NoվҲǵʹشYesҲᱻԷ֪Ҳȷ֮󣬷ŽСűҲŽȥʣһƲУôһҾͲýˡ
ôҪֱ˿ȷϺеơҲעı顣ʱüͷȻ̧ͷ
ҵĽֱ˵Ƕ깬Ӷԡڣڳһ¡
̯ƸҲǿ

ֱ˵ľû˻ỳǣ߲ǺͿӵĹϵ
һ㣬šű΢򦣬֮ǰ½Ӧû֪
뷨᲻̫棿ʵϣҳ֪ǵ¡
ǿ˵һ֮ѣĩ˵ûǴû취ġ˵˵ӻ˭룬Ӧû⡣
ǾԣµҲ޿κΡҲ˵
ûԣǱⶨһ˻ʱĶԲߡ
ֱóһA4Сֽֽԭӱд¡ڳ֤Ȼڵ»ߡ
һǳΪϵˣ̾һѯǵĲڳ֤ʱܹڳ֤ϴǵɡ޷Ļһֱǲš
ʱ̱𣿡űڶͷʵûгʱϰ߶ɡ
֪֪гҲԣǺźûֶ
Ѿ˴㣬԰ɣ
Ҳгֱ˸ͷ˵ȴŻΪǵ򶥶ǻڹȥľжϡˣԾͳ
ʲô


ûʬ塣ֱֽԸд¡ľݴ桱ȻڴϷ
ڴʬķֵصڡϵԭӱʱʼ⾭ݡľͣڶĵطԼٹĶ
ҲһűһۡűĿתؽĿֽϡҲϢȻֱ˵˵һ¡
ֱֽдABCABCǡִмƻ죬ABCֱڴ桢ݡAɱӣƩ롣֮ǰAҪ֮ǰĲڳ֤
ڴд¡ʮ֣Aɱӡ
ûƶʱ㵽ϰ˵֮䡣仰˵̾ǣ㵽ϰ˵֮䣬
BCȻشóǲ˵ѣΪʵ˲ڳ֤
AҪôشźأ֮ǰвڳ֤֮ʮһûвڳ֤
Aڴ棬ʬڶ˷ֵġ
ֱ֮ǰҲ˵ҪСʱ֮ڵɱӣٻصǲܵ¡
ֱͷʾ˵öԡ
Ҳ˵˶вڳ֤ǰǾ֪ABCǹ
и⡣Ҳ˵˭ҪAأû˻뵱ֱӶֵɱ˷
ûǷǵ˶ֲС
һ⡣Aִɱ˼ƻҲܱ֤BCܹɺĹֱ˵˵BCܽƵAһϡͷABCֻҪAĹľͺˡ
AǷŵùţ⵹ҲǡϾôƴḶ́ĳʽγɹṹ
ֱóһֽӡࡣɡAֽд¡ǹıɱ깬ӣȻ仰мԼĴָָӡBC仰Ĵָָӡһ顣ֽAܣBCͲܱAˡ
ֱƫͷ·ʣ𣿡
űʣAҪ˭Ҳҳ𣿡
ֱĿתضű۾ʵ˵㵱A𣿡
űɴ۾ҡͷ
Ҳǡһ˵ǰͷºڹ˾еĵλ޹أ빫ƽؾɫ
ֱóǰ˿ơгһţִСϲĽɫΣ
Ҳ΢һ£ðɡűҲͬ⡣
֮ǰܲǼ˿ƣҲ˵
ֱŤһЦȻݳ˿ơ˿ƲرֵĵطҲݸűҲϸؼ󣬽˿ƻֱܽ˰ɣ
ֱϴ˼֮󣬽һ˿ڲ輸̯ãĩȳ顣AС2ͬԻɫʤ
Ҳ촽Ȼֳơ֪ΪΣӵʱӹԺ
Ҳһᣬ̯鵽ơűʧؽ˳
鵽һźơֱ˵
ҲǺĹ룺̫ˣ˲ܶ鵽Aɡ
ãֵűˡֱĴߴ֮£űֳơǣץס֮ǰͣҲҲоõֲͣڲűһ¶ĵץסһƣȻ򿪡ȻűſͣûзŴܴ˰ɣ鵽÷4űֵסڣŲ輸ϵ÷4Ҫɱӵ׼Ҳ˼跨ǰľ档
ôҳ顣ֱɨһ˿ƣ۾һţȻԱ߷棬ڲ輸ϡǷ2
űسһҲһֱõĽֱͣȫס˽һӡţĴһĨЦ˵ãȻɫˣɣ֮ϸڡ


6


ľʮҲʾٶȱ񾭡һ֮ǰиΪûᷢʲô¡űӦںľȺ򡣵ｫʬһ󣬻ݡΪֹҲĹس·ҲʮСģʹûʬ壬ҲԼʱʻ·ϵļ¼һ൱ٶȳ԰ʮʻͳǶԣǲ۲۵ϰѡΪʬ嵽ľĹߣҲֱ⡣
ǰߵ㣬ɫڳɱôһȽʬϳٷŽһɷĹٶһ˶ˡԣͳĻֻҪֱӸë̺ʬ󷽻ܾˡӳ⿴üӦҲֻǻʲô
ֱ˵а취Ūƺиڷľļӹҵƽûõͳϣֱ¸ڷ³档
Ҫصشӷŵ𣿡űһı顣
Ϊ⳵º֤ݡ˵ӷſɵġֱҲ˵ϣںľʬһ֮󣬴Ӷٹ·۷½ȥһȻٴ⳵ݾͺˡ۾ôɣֻҪûͳĴڣӦþͲȥŵĳ⳵˾
Ӻľʬĳű׼
ˡʲôɱҲʱֱҲ¶Щʹı飬ϵһγֱ顣
һû˵ΪñѪڷͽ롣
鷳ˡҲ˵űҲͷҿӵķҲֱ롣
ʬĵصű룬ĩݺͺľ˽ʬĵص㡣
áҲӦ
ִգڶɡʮһʮաĩһ跨׼ӦܹҸʵɳɣ
ţһ취Ҳ˵
׶ΣһԽɢˡһڣҪȽԵ⡣Դһ֮Ҳֵ߳ҥԣҲ˼˺ü档üѯҲҥǼ٣֪ҥԴˡȻҲûиκԼ֮¡ô˵ǿɢҥ𣿲Ҳתһ룬ӦòôΪ£ûкôô˭أҲú֪˴𰸣ֱߵ绰ɢҥԵԼҲһɣֱ˵ºͣϣһˡҲɵǰҡֱƽĸ˰칫ңǴİ칫ĳļС𣿡ҲһֱֻƶӵһۣȻֽƻļСҲֱе㲻̫Ծ
㲻Сһ㣬ҺԽҮֱ˵Ƶе
ʲôҲʵ
ֵҥԣҵš
ҲĬĬؿֱĲ֪λشźáһԹļԱǵĶԻûз
ϣУ⡣Ҹ˵ֱ꣬ͣ˰βż˵ǲ֪רζкδ㣬ǹӵĽࡣ־߻ȥҺͷʹ
֪𣿡ֱļ̧ͷ
Ҳ󲻽⣬ȫ޷飬«ʲôҩҲȻӦֱʣ֪𣿡
֪ˡҲֻûش
ֱͷļУٶ˵һ䣬ʧڸڰ칫ҡ
ҲһصԼλֱϴ˵绰
Ǹͷ˵ûȺ׺УҲݳ
⵽ôһأҲԼҲ֪Լʶؼɤӡ
Ǽƻһģҷֺм֪ӵ¡ڷһҵϢɡԣȥ̫áΪμƻĴǰǣ֮ûеĹϵһΪӵ׼ɷҺ֮ĹϵͻͻȻһһɵĻ˵ῴһǹĿԡ
⵹пܡ
Ϸôһҳӵ׼ɷ򣬷֮ͺ޹ϸ𡣿ԱǵĹϵֲ֣һʱ򷢻Чá
ԭˡҲһӦһ룺ֱǷεıɱƻСˣֵӡ
ˣҳ
ţ
ղŵĻȫϷ˵ΪСĽ㡭
ֱǿ͸ҲƵģڵ绰ͷЦ˳ܵġ̹˵Ҹ˭顣ҸȴҪѡʵ˵Ҿú鷳
ԭ
㲻õģȫͶεļƻֱϵָʾʱֱһ仰ָ
졣ٶȼͬһҷꡣ
ӵĹԢһС͵ĸ߶򳡡Ϊû豸һƬڣ˵û·˻ᾭʬ嶪ᱻ˷֡˵뾯ܻܿжǹ·ɷµ֡
űƺһ飬ƽһŵ̬˵Ҳ룬С͸߶򳡵ȷǸĿꡣֱƺҲͬ⣬ǲű顣ڽʬĵص㣬ԼҲѡ˳վߵͣľѡ¸ٹ·󣬱ϼһյء
ﻭ˼ԵĵͼŪط
˿ݹıֽͷ
ãȫˡǣٴͷƻһΡֱⶨʲôļƻƵģȸԾ


7


ֱָָһ룬еñȼƻ˳Ͼͻῴľĳڡ
һҪˡҲص̾һһ졣Գ뿪Ѿ˼Сʱأ˺ݵĳ̼棬ȡùĳо豸ı۵Էʵҵеܡ;Ӧأ˸ʽĽڣùҹɡҲĳ˾¡
ݣҲһʼûõҵ߼棬ûнĵ뷨ֳԷǳӭĿӦðҾɣӣΪ˸һЩղͬĹ۵㣬ΪҲܻҵߺܸˣҲȥݵҹֻҵһò͵ʮң֣л˾硣Ҳ˵ùݻĹҵҲ޻˵ˡ
ҲڳվǰԤԼùݣסڷﻻ·ŷԿȻǰԼͣͣﳵ࣬λܶࡣҲûʱ䣬ҵҪҵͳͬһ㣬ͣ䡣ҲŴӳӳڡ󷽻һɫë̺Ĵͳ֪ʲôԵʣë̺İ͹ʾ״޴ŮˡҲñһûֵҪһǮûˡҲƵͳ󷽣ҳ÷佺ڳԿףҲ೵ϳվٴο˺һۡʲôɱģѪҺͻûнõǡѾû·ˡҲڿе૵档
뿪ͣһֱСλݽʮʮ֡

ľĳˣҲѻ˸ٹ·һź߱ϡ·ʱιȻûʲôľվһתƻһ࣬·һǲֿĽתС·٣ǰУһѷʲĵĿյأ·Ѿṵ̂͡յصĽ䣬ͣһɫγҲһ濿һȷϳƺ롣ûűĳҲΪ˷ʬ壬ͣĳβԡ
㰴ռƻ˰Ҳ³űҲ򿪳˵ƹ⣬ֻгͷƵĹߡʹˣҲǷսӲ
ڳ𣿡űҲͳʵЩ
ϻҲͳĺšűë̺ĶʱߣȻԼĺᡣҲͳĻܣûдߴűǿ°͡
롭һ¡űϻܺ󣬹ʬ˫ֺʮ۾ԼùЩɡҲҪֵطĬĻһʼıɱж͵ˡ
дɣű۾Ƥ˵ȻӲ
̧ǱߡҲƱſʬŲķ
űͷֲӲë̺Ҳ̧ʬϰʬиӲҸ󣬸о¡
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ǵֱ˵ʬߺӲʬ
ࡡű԰׵ƣ˵ʬȷأԾΪְҵ˾˵ûʶжѡ
һû취ôصĶ
ò׽ʬᵽγĺᣬű¶һпı顣㡣ҡ
µXҽ۷ҲԼĺš
ֻҪ֮ǰȥ˰ɣĻһСʱܵʬĵص㡣ʬٻȥҲٰɣ
Уùݹ̨ߵˡӦҲ첻ڳ֤
ü
ٷϻҪô죿
ģùԱ΢еֶѣҵĹǹؼڡʬʱҰѷ
ùԱ΢ɵͷ˵ΪҪ֤ʡ˵ĻԼҲºݻű¶ֱŤı飬ҵشüҡ
ǣҰʬ΢ƵڲࡣĻز
̫ĻȻɾͲð
Ҳ̧ʬʱë̺΢
ࡡҲʱĿ⣬ֽë̺ȥȴƿķ϶˽ż⡣һĻ˽סˡ
űҲһĳĬ³˺ü롣ҲתͷűűҲҲ
ιҲͺֻʬ壬Ȼ˵⡭ǿҮ
ë̺϶¶ĲǿӵĽţ̫ˡ
ô죿ű㷢һش
ʲôô졭ֻôɣ
ҲҺĵƿë̺ʬʱűһƨɵڵأļС
ôһ£ҲΪʲôʿֱʬ壿



ڶ    ıɱʧ

1


СǶԢȴ΢֮мӼɵĦ󣬻ˡԢ¥зϣͣλڶߡͨڵ˲࣬ͣ޿λͣ˳ⶰԢиھӪСӡˢȻǳм̸ҵݹ̫Ƶ졣мʱǰһҪȽԼĳһֱ͵ͻϡ
ӣΪӦһǵڽ֮ǰɵĲӡˢʮࡣСӡˢ΢ͨڿͻҪ󣬾û취⡣صѾʮһˡͣλǴڲĵڶǼǰĿͻóĳڲͣһVOLVOˣƺСʮ꣬Ϊͷԣϴľƻ
룬ǵסⶰԢһݳ޵¡ȻǶĶʮڣؼǣһϰġǸˣȴסⶰ¥ƺҰѵķ䡣ŲǴʲôҵɡ˼ʵز롣
ϳϵĻȷתԿ׷棬ͬʱվλáĺվˣ졣Ϊĳûаװ綯վԻ豸̽࣬ҡ³ƶվʱӳǸ룬ˡΪվӳ˵֡һӣӳ̽ͷûϨֱ³

󾭹ʮСʱҡѧҽѧоҵİٸһָ۾һԳȵɤ˵
ɽһֱʱ䡣ߵʮ֣ߵ
ߺǱ˴ձеİɣ
ǰڲӺ󷽽棬Ǳ˴͵Ϯİɡ
ʬм䡣ݷߵ֤ʣ߿϶ͣڸڳλĸˡϵļպƬ֪סڹԢŷʿֱʮ꣬ƬϵͷMMعоҳ
ɽ
ڽԼ֣ɽͷһȿھ°ͣʾҪȥ
ʬӡˢϰ壬ƺʮһؼҵġ
ȿڽƽеձø͡
ˡɽ˵ٸ˵ѾʮСʱϡԷӦɱߣٽ˵ġ
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ȿھٲԢȥɽҲ̧ͷмȴţסǸղڸͣ
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Ҳûκ˵߾Ȼλʿ˸һۣüͷ
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ɽĬĬͷһдڼ±ϣȻ̧ͷٶѯʼͥʿƵӡ
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ɽͥлŷڿȥڵӣʱƿԡ
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ڵ״̬ȷʵС̨͵ԣĸδ̫ÿһ䷿Ǳʲô˳׷ɽߴף߻ܡ¹ɹﶼɢһءϼʣ뱾飬ĳȫƷ㵹һա
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ǰɡӷ⸱Уȫûбھӷ֣ɼǸСĽˡ
ǣǷҵҪҵĶ
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Ҳܲ˿￴߽輸Ϸ˿ƺ̻ҸףȿָǸ̻Ҹסչֽļ԰ɣ
ԭˡ
ƺʲôֽһţ̻Ҹյˣֽ˺ɫҽ
ֽϴдʲôɣûа취ʶ
ʣ¼ϡܱ֣ӢĸABCʣµľͿˡҴίпѧоС顣
ABCʿԼյ𣿡
ӦǣյĿԲߡ
Ƿˣɽֽ֮󣬵
ABCܾ»ú鷳
ȿڴһԵ˿һţ̯ڲ輸ϣϵСЦëȻ

һ磬һεɽͬʸҰһMMعʸҰɽС꣬Ŷʮ꣬׳ʵƽϬĿԼ񣬸ɾʮزһ顣
ҲףʿΪʲôӴأʸҰMMعĻҵȴԷʱѹ˵
ƺķ䣬ЧãɳҲƷ֮⣬аһӵĻʹɽһڹ̨ɫƷĹ̨СԽӲı飬䷿䡣ƺҲ΢֪顣
ǻɱ˵֮ű˻ġɽʸҰСػش
ڴɱȻ˵𣿡ʸҰɴ۾ôһ̺ƴΪʲôôأ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻǲֿܡ
Ϊʿǻضġ
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Ա˵Ҽ缩˵ԸṩκЭ
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˵û뵽ҳԤϡҾǧƪһɵĸ룬¶źı顣
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šԭ°ɽ룬˼Ҳ˵Ҫӽ飬ֱͬ⡣Ȼֱȴʾԡ
ĩҲɽоδıˣǿҵԼĺġ


2


ɭԴڿһֱڰ˵ʮֵ˾ʼϰʱǰ˵ʮ֣֮ǰİСʱӻ滨ˮ沢ʱҲϲɨ䣬ǽûǸҪΪ˻·ʱ֪һ¡
ʿֱˣƺǱɱ߹ͬڽ˾ĳҰӡӵĴǺ죬ҫԼϢ˵ʿֱԼҹԢͣ˷֡Ϊʰƺһá
˲ţ૵Ϊʲôʿᡭ
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ԭԤҪҹɣ˵ѧǵ졣һԱ˵
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ĹǹԱĳȱϯԼӰʱս˾ʱƲһǰͻȻšԭԼҲ
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ôأ治ĿͳƮݵ깬ȥ롣


3


һִݶݵĹԢҲװҲûѣֱһͷڴϡȣȫȴ乡쳣ɿʣҲƽҲҷһĽҲѹֻӦ
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ǰһ£Ҳűֱʻ϶ٹ·гг
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ִùʮ֣СĲ˷ֵؽƣ׵ϡԭΪ˯⣬ƺС˯һҲ绰ѣֱһۣߵ̨׼ʱ

ҲӴͦصʱ绰ͽ糿һصһ¡ҺȻͲ绰űġȻڹ˾棬֮ûн̸Ϊûл˵
ˡűͷ˵أӦҲҲһ߱Ҳƣ
ʬ嶪ͣ
šһʼԭʬڳϣ˵ڳϮʵںԾͰʬں͸ڳķ϶ʬصҪ
űжԼһ˱鷳±ʾ顣ҲҲһĹ룬ԼûелǸ
ûб˷ְɣ
ģĩǱأ
еú˳Ұѳҳݵĳˡ
ˡű˰ΣȻ˵ӻŰɣ
ءҲӦŮˣٰɣ
ûӦôӦҳԼȥ˴Ŷԡ
ȥӦûᱻɱȴɱ˶Է𣿡
ʵں󡣡
û뵽ҳôֱš
Ӧû֪Ǻҳһġűָ顣
׼
šʵ˵ʬǰҳҹˡҴףԲõĻָơһֱĵ±ھӷ֡ʵұôʬ֮ززġ
űʱַ޷޲ƽҲװûߴ˵ûҵɣ
ûҵҷɹɱ˼ƻҲû᲻ҳأ
ƻǶˡϾΪСĽȻûҵ顣
ҳϣֻΪǱˡ
ǰ
ô죿űַų
ô죿ֻ֮ҳɱҳķˡϸ룬ڷϵĻͻоȡӦòύɡ
𣿻᲻ķʽĸأ
벻ᣬôҲòκκôҷӦú¾Ƿţѭ
ͺˡǣҪôҳأ
ʱӣĿ뿪ϡӦ֪Щʲô
ǰˡűڳһ£Ȼ˵ҳ֮Ҫô죿˵ӵҲû
Ҳͻ̾һԷܵ˵µ֪˭֮ɡ
ҲϻͲٶڴϡͷбܣ˼ٳ޷Сӵ¡顪ɱֱĲǿӣΪ֪ҵɱ˼ƻأ˲֪ܲΪ֪ŻὫֱʬ̧ͳóͣԼĵط
ѵ˴һʼ֪ɱӵļƻ
Ҳɦɦͷиűղŵ⡪ҳ֮Ҫô죿
룺ѡǰŸվΪ˱ңòɱˡ
ûиı䡣
ҲٶȴӴʱڿǰսһվӣһ׶ӣһ곤Ҳˡ
ߡ߿š곤˰Ҳķʽк
ǾԱ˼Ϣʱţе̡


4


磬󵨵ˡɽĩҲӡ󡣲[[ۡ°ͼϸɽ룬˻Դӱ鿴͸뷨
ɽһᵽʿֱĻ⣬ĩüͷź˵ǽ˾ˣôֲء˵ĸоһһۣˡɽĹ˾ʿض¶ֱ顣
ҽţʿС£˵Сɷѡ𣿡ɽ˵߿ĩ̹ʵı飬б仯
ַʽʣֻܻشǲġĩѡʻػش
⻰ʲô˼ʸҰ̾ʵ
Ϊû׿˵СɷѡҲҾС档
ԭˡڽǻûۼ𣿡ɽ˵
ʵϣǻ㽻ֻСһ顣ĩҡͷ
˵ǵڹ˾ﴫˣʿֱû˵ʲôأ
ĩ¶ԭ֪鰡ı飬ȻСָɦɦһƺΪֽסˡ
ҹ˾֮ԴֵҥԣΪҲСġĩ˵
ֻ𣿾֪˵СĹϵɽż±˵Ȼ΢΢̧ͷĩ
ĩʱߣϽĿ˵ҪҽֵҥԻš
仰˵СĽ󆪣
ǰɡǣĩʼɦͷе㾪ȡϾҸղҲ˵ˣҶСԣûôҪҳ顣
ˣҲʿֱ¡ĩƺô˵
ôһôأٺС𣿡
ҲáΪ֮ǰҴԼС㣬ҳȥ
ԭˣҪС̬Ȇ
ǵġĩ˫ۣ򦡣
ɽ±ԭӱʣڳҪʼǵƣȻԹ»Ŀʣһ⡣ܾܲϸظңжأ
ĩ΢˰ΣȻ󡰺һ
ڳ֤𣿡
ǵģкƽһϰ𣿡
ûУĩ˵ȥݡ
ȥݣɽʸҰԿһֱۡȥ棬ĩȥݡ
һ𣿡
Ȼһ硣ȥҹ˾һֱͶԷһ𡣡
Ǽҹ˾أ
ʵҳ͡ӦʮҰɡȻһùݡùݡ
ô˵йҹ
ǵġȻҽһȥһˣʣµĹΪ˱ȥ˾ոջصԣ̹˵еˡ
ĩⰴĦ
˼ˣʱ𣿡
ʱһǰҾġ
һǰ
ɽѯ緽ʽĩݳһƬļγƬĩ˵һֱһ
ҽˡ˵꣬ɽƬ

ҹڠĵܲ˵顣ڰдʿֱ֮ж
峿뿪
ʮһĵϯѧ
㵽ùݰס

ʬ屻˷ڽߵ㡣صԼҹԢͣһεĹȿھ˵꣬һõĵԱ·ʣ
ƶʱôأϽ̾ʵ
ݷҽٸڵ㵽ϰ˵֮䡣ҪȽʽ룬²̫ĸı䡣
ô˵Ϊֳڴ棬ԭûд톪һ̾˵
ŰɡΪʿڴ档ùݣ׿ڴùݵԿס
ôһֳ˵ùݸ
Ժܸߡ죬һɼ˸档
ʱɽԵʸҰַʡùסģȷʿƱ𣿡
ȿڿɽʸҰҼƬ渮죬ȷϹˡ̨Աƺǵʿƣ˵û
̨ԱԻءɽ˵ֱʵĸ롣˵ļɿ
Ҳ⣬ȷϹˡʿưסʱҪѡ䡣ΪвټշԹ̨Աסַ䣬ʿƺشǾԶݵķ䡣ǹ̨ԱҪ󣬸һķ䡣˵ΪйĶԻԹ̨ԱŻؼǵʿơ
มʿѡ𣿡
ãùԱ˵ֿ˺ܳ
֮ȷֱ˰סġ
ҿԷ𣿡ȿСС΢΢֣ʬڶ˷֣ζǷ˰˵𣿡
ӦǰɡشĲǹȿڣϽ̾ȿĬĬͷ
˵ΪʲôҪôأֻǲ뱻ֳ֪ûҪʬԶӴ˵ֻҪɽͺˡ
᲻ʲΪڶأĳ˵
񶨵벻ܡӦ֤ʿֱʱڴ档ôķѴȴͽ޹
Ҳ˵ֻҪ֪Ϊνʬ˵ͻף𡭡ȿ˵ɽʵʿƵ˼ʹϵΣ
ȣɽ˵MMعݡûеõڹ˽ϢҪ˵Ļҥָҳcԭ߶ż
ԭcԭӦõҳȴСְλӦúܲζɡʿֱ˾ۻ󣬻ΣڵĿҳһְcԭһֱڹ˾룬Ҫǲܵ¡
˵ķҲǿǿǵܹжϵġȿ˵ɽ㱨һʿӵɷѡ¡ɽѾȿڱĩˡ
ɽһ˵ĩҲеԱı˱仯
糤ŮͿٷܶʮɡϽʹ
Ǹʿӣֱͬĸȿ仰Ҳɽеȣһ¡
̾ղŵ鵽ġ˵꣬ȿڽĿƮáվ
ʿMMعԱĹ⾮ܽӽ飬ֱú顣ʱܽӷ֮йЭ̣黹ڵСܽӭȢڶɽǰȥ֮İĽᾧѾ޵ڷɳ֯͸ղŵĻʿӡŻҪӡһ֪⾮ܽΪϾͰֱʱֱʮꡣ
ʿƼҵĻҵȻöӼ̳а
̾˵ȿڶԴ˲öӼ̳лҵŮӡƺʿĹ˼ֱ֮˵õĽҪԼҲΪĻذɡ
ôأŮӲֹܽϵĹ
ͬСȿڵͷ£Ҫһĵ顣Уĩ֮Ĺϵĩ˵ֻӵ飬ûʶԼɷѡ
𣿡ڿˣǸղżĩԵ󡱵ϽΡ
ĩҰĵĻֱĴڽǸж˵꣬ʹȿڣĩĲڳ֤ô
вڳ֤ɽĩ쵽ȥݳ
ݰεĩպҲʵ⡣ȿڽ˫⿿ڻϣ˫ǰʮ
ݣͲܷ𣿡
˵ĹͿͻһʮҡ
ɽһ˵ȿ̾ʮ㰡ǡܰɡ
ı鲢ȫܣоʲôڻɽҲͬı顣


5


ϣȥϰ࣬ѾмԱĴҷֱİ칫͹ӡ汾ԤϵҪԼˣû뵽ͻȻ¡
治ѵڰ칫ԼĹϺֱİ칫СŻ̾棬ԱӰ
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ûʲôƽһĵطرָʾ
ûС˻شѿڶǡ
ʲô𣿡
ɽ̾˵ͬʱһԵ̾ʵش𡣡
Ӳһ¡ʸҰ̾һʼ¶ܵУֱһͷӵҰɽʸҰʹҪ죬ȻĿϣº͵ʵʲô
΢ԥһ£Ȼֱ̾ԤԼùʱ¡Ϊѧ᳡ùݱȽϺãֱҪס´渽ɽ̾ȻԴ˸Ȥ
Ҫס´渽ùûرָһùݣ
ǵġ
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ԭˡɽƵƵͷڼ±дʲôԼļ΢óҲûие
ˣɽϼ±Ҹղҳ˵ȥŵ𣿡
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ȥݶɡĴָָϷͷǵĲڽĶ¥ƽĻ˻ݶɳ̯򣬵ֱܵӰ죬ûˡߵ˿
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沢е⣬ã¶֮ǰѲ⣬ԼһֱŲԼס
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бҵߵ·һȷ硣ְڶĹ˾ҲMMع뵱صĶڴѧͶ棬ŮӴѧǵñҵô˵įЦˡɼΪ׸ȥƺûжǮѧ
ŮӴѧֲϡ档˺ù˾̫ˣMMعһҵҮ
ֻибҵδķչޡ
ûǻ¡ιɣȥ˶ҲҪࡡ
ţһûԶչ¶Цݡ
ԼҲ硣һˣҲͬ»ͬڽ˾ͬµУƺ˴Ľɫù浽ҹʱһѡ˶MMعʱɿĵÿ졣
ԼĪꡪɿ϶þáӦҲҪ൱ľġ沢ɡӦÿ˵кøСͬ磬Ͷһܹһİ¡һۼޣ͸ԽǶʲô޷Ϊ󡣵ȻⲢΪֻиѧֻɡ
ϣһ¡ⲢֻӦ룬һ£¶ġ
ʱ𡣽ֻǸ˿·
磬п𣿡¥֮ǰ˵һŵֻᡣʲô˲ţͬǱ˹֣ұȻƱ
壬沢ֻᣬҡҡͷǸ첻Сҵȥμ񣬶뻹кܶҪæ
ޣมɺһʱʿֱ¡˵ʿƼҪҹ
ϣ졣Ϊɥ̫ѹˡ˵ִ꣬ڹļϡ


6


˽ִҲϣͷһԾ״毺õ˫뵽йŮĵۣҲǴϺɫɥ·ˮī߳ġ
ʹʹɫҪȻѸ뿪˷䡣ҲҲ
׷һ䣬ǻҡɫƤɳΧһŲ輸һɳȻ°ָָɳ·˵Ҳָʾ¡
һ
δ̫˰ɡ¶ᷳı飬˵ҹΪʲôۼôأ
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ӵһۡ˼ǣʱ򲻻ۼôˣΪŮˣǴŮ
ҲǸ˼˵ǣֻҪʿƼҵĻɥϲ죬ȻǾۼһˡ
รʿƼҰȣҲ¶ЩյЦ㲻֪Ǹ˲ʿƼҵ𣿡
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⵹ǵһҲû¡νͬĸ𣿵ôһҲȫûѪԵϵ
ѪԵҪӵͳ˵ǶĸӰ˵ǲҪҸ׵չˣ뿪ҡȻʮѶҸ˵Ǹ˵ĸˣԾ˭ǵĸ׶ƤŮҸ׺ͻȻǰĶӡǸǼʱѾǸˡϵƤ͸࣬ǶͷȴഺͻȻУҸҪҽ硣ҽˡҽֱ硣Ρ˽ҵʱôµһǲΪǸʿƼҵһӡѪԵҪ
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ҲĬĬͷȻ˼δÿӣԼӵһγʿΪְ֡

ϣۼ˱ҹˡΪ壬Թ˾ûż١Ȼ˶ĸɲϯ˾ʵʵӦͣ˰ɡ
ҲҲĶ飬ǰŮˣֱ֡İ칫﹤ŮԱҲ棬Ӧǽɭ档
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֪𣿣ҲűʱһMMعĶ´ԾҲϽſװлҳƺҲҲǣͷк˵ʿרζʧȥӰˣˣòײֵ졪Լɼֻ֮
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Ҳűļ磬ǰߵһ룬Ȼĵػͷű͸ϣ¶ų˵·ʱ̱ءһҲ߶ϣ㺦µصͷ
ҲٶǰƶŲԺУʼаļƻ
꿵֮󣬾ֵűˣ跨ʰ


7


ʿֱ죬ű˯ҹߣҹĿ賿㡣ȻֻǵÿһϾɵƬھȫûӡӶ¡
ôźأ
̹˵űڲʿֱĩҲļƻΪԼԼأѵûбɱ˸õķ𣿺ñ˵˳Ǯ˵ӡµ񣬺ҲΪʱһŪã˵ᷢԼйء
ɱӣûб·
űĩҲĻֻ𺦳桪
űڿȷʵûа顣֮ԺάֹϵֻǻˡϾġо޵ĿӣԭͲϲ͡ʹˣԺάֹϵΪǸŮˡַǳŵÿûб϶ȸߵŮˡ
űѹûҪ顣оõǸΣյŮˡδü֮ǰϵһɶʹˣű޷֣ΪһؼԵԭ
ûỳС룬еĻһǮˡȻСı鷢ʵʩù𡱣ʵûţűñףϣáű룬Ҳɱˡ˫ֶǵðʿֱʬʱĴС˵ûѪɫļҲˡ
ûʲô÷أһһ淭ʱص˯ȥӦţվʲİʲݸһĴСĺӡ
ű°˳óʼȻ߽ԴģȻ˯߲㡣󲿷ֵʼϱͰ룬ܼôĵĹǱܼĽлͷֱ֪ͨʼСܱűС꣬лӡǷ򸾵ʱĵƬӸͷСɰ
Ҳóɼ˰ɡÿűǧҶϼң׾ͻô˵ǰӳְݣںĸסһҲʻ䣬᲻ŮޣĿǰĸֻű顣
ǴҲ벻ӾȻ°ɡűиּ˵
űļͥΪƽ巿ķӾ복վʮ·̣ɫƺһֻǳɫĹĸǰһֱںϣӻѧѡѧУƸҽʹӿѧУǡδһ˾˸Ŀ⡣ڣŮڸ֮ǰϰְ࣬һعе̡űȷMMعʱѵûмӰؼң˵Ϊ˾ٱףű̾һ룬ɼ˵ĲҡԼɱ˷⵽ĸþ޷ٹһ˵ˣǱⲻɡ
û취
ûУֻԼһֱԸӡ
ű뿵ӽ顣֮⣬룬Ϊ˲ʧȥֱٱԼĻȻǰż⡣Ʃ磺֪˭ǿӶﺢӵĸף˵Ӧ顣Ȼű룬ֻþɻ¡ۺӵ˭Ҫ缺ӳ󣬲Ҳκܡ
ֻô˵ԼľôܹǿԼľġ룬Һ˼ˡ
ĩҲҪô˵ǸأҪɱӡ
ðʧȥκζűļʿ򿪿ɫţƤֽ¶֪ٻ˾İװֽͷšƷֽű룬͸ϯ˵Ļɡϣ뿪ʱѾ˰ɫ
򿪰ٻ˾İװгֱָʺīˮƿȻǹƷӦǸ߼ڵ𻨡Уأʮ㡣˵͸˾ʿĻ񡪡űжϡ
ֱʼŷԱʣƺûװīˮд򿪸ֱһǲīˮ֣ܵǰװīˮңīˮƿȡīˮű룬ԲŻһīˮƿīˮɫġ
ֱ֦дŸĩɡű˯ǰīˮƿǡԼǵĩ棬޷ֱ˵˵ԼͿӽ顣Ǹ˻ɢѹĵգȫȴоһ˿ԡ
дŲ̫ðɣҪ˾ϣɾͲ
ű˼ǧذתʼɫīˮװȫµĸֱС

ĩİ
ǸСӼĵҲϣ󡣵߿˾߿ֽʱ
רζ¼ģʲôءҲһ򿪰ֱܳʺīˮƿͷдšƷӦü۸񲻷ơֶʲôأ
ֱûװīˮҲ򿪱ʸǣűʼ⼸ӺָϱʸǣȻֱӶ롣ͱīˮԣϲֱʡдʱˮԭӱʡ֮⣬ǩֱʡ
ʲݵּڼֽдһݣȻ˺ʱõҲǩֱʡ
ʲּдµݣǹɱӵļƻȻδɱһˣǱһ̨˸ѵĹ



    ıɱĿ

1


ʮһʮգһ
Ҳ´绰ҵʱ̸֮˵һζ£ǹھʿֱƺʮ٣Ϊ¶ϡȥ㵽صҼ㣿˵Ǳ˲ڳ֤
ǰ̹˵Һʿҳûм档ôһ˵̾ҽƵ˵֮ڵٵˡƲ𾯷˵
รνһ©԰ʵϣٵжأ
áȫ˾м˰ɣӦòһǧˡܹ˾Ұɡ
Ҳ룬ô˵Ļһ©ԣԾԻҲ̫ѵҵ˲ҹ˾Աϵ绰Ҳװд棬룺ȻȡַӦҲˡҲ˼١ش𾯷أ
ֻҪûҴͺˡ
Ҳ̾ǰʧӰȫѰڱϣ͸ֲԼʬ屻˷֮󣬲ĿҲļƻ
ǼһôˣҲתڵоһΡʼϰ֮Ѿ˰СʱϣȴűӰʰøɸɾ԰ҲûнȥֽڹٰҲЩϣű̫עĿû취ˡ
һһογ߽űλȻָһԵΣô£
¿סΣְŲһƫͷ㲻״
һογ绰ʿ
ҲλվװϣߵԡݺʵݵļǽߵһУҲһҲ񼡣
δ绰űҡԷûӵ绰ŻͲһҲһӣط»Ͳ
û𣿡γʡ
ûӡδ
Ǽһڸʲôγһ䣬صԼλ
ǼһڸʲôҲҲô룬ʲô
Ҳȸֵǣű˰ɣûеɱˣҲûнķ᲻ǿ˼ԲߣأҲ룬ôʵľٶ
Ҳ뵽˱ֿԡСܣ᲻ѡֱӵķأ
仰˵ɱΪղѣѡɱ
Ҳ룺Ļ֮áµǸֻᰭְšҲеૣɱһĴмǧ׾ӵ鰡
磬űûϰࡣ
Ҳʵ¥ⶰλܹ˾ڣֻΪʵ顣Ҳʹõ¥¥е˻˵ƷʵȡҲһװܿȵֽ̧ͷǰĽ顣Ļеֱ΢׵ľ׼ƶָܹץסСҲש顣ģۣFuzzy Theoryʹеֱذ˼ӲȲһĶ۾ܹرʶ״
ҲͷȺС̨ˡ³˹Ҳ˾ͣĻ˵УܳƷȻ³˹ܡȻ¶ԣࡣᱧԹֳҵԱܹѸٵؽи߾׼ȵĹ
Ҳһֳһ쵽ֲ֣ҿ϶Ƶ
վȲࡪҲô˵ô˵ˣƫƫһ޿ȡԸеáൽʲôһǴֻѡ衢ţмʡмˣܹһأ󲿷ֵˣֻĳ˵ָʾšûָʾͻ̻̲ʲôҲˡֻǰճ£˿϶Ƚ㡣
ǲᱳҡҲжһŻ˵ʼз˵ԭ򡣰Լڣ˽ģǶڴŻỻʧ
˲ᱳѡȻֻᰴڴ£ԳԶʵ˳ִʱԭһǳִгϡ
Ҳ³˹Ľ塣ΨһܹøĶ󡣺ͻദʱҲʱšȻʧЦǷİûɵЦԼ磬˵˵ůžָоɡ
ʱӻ˺󷽷ડ΢С
˭Ҳ뿪ˣٲķһӰڻеķ϶ſڵķȥҲߵϣ¥ݣ¥ݼŽŲѲӰ˭أҲĪ

˸죬űûгڹ˾ŵκͿγһȥ򱨣ƺűϯҪڶǰоݡôС£ű˾κͿγȴ첻
죬һؼ·ȥĹԢһˣûڼңҰҲûӦš˵
ûڼңδʲôʱʼأγϳ˽顣
Ǵ翪ʼġ
Ϊʲô֪飿
Ϊ֮ıֽȴû籨
ԭˡγ¶ۿı顣
ҲҲеȻûʲôˣζԣѾֵòˡ
û취绰ȥϼʿɡγ̲סΡĴɤųԵˣŵҲһΣ澿ʲô¡
ڿγ֮£εűϼҵ緽ʽŻŵذ绰Է˵绰ЩڳԵ˵ű޹ȱڣȻʶԷûиסεıűļƺҲΪȱڡ
űĸ˵ҪȥסĹԢιϵ绰˵
ڼҰɣγʡ
˵ҪйԱš˵űڷﲡˡ仰
ˣûǻ°ɡγ˵ԵýţűϼǧҶɣô˵ǸϲļˡӺڶǰ˵űоݡľ׼¶ĵ˵ľεϡ

űڼеϢڵҡ
Ҳ֪̬Σûȥʵ¥Լİ칫ǵϢʱ㵸֪ܵ˾ͼһɵúãҲűúá
򵽵ʲôһεԱһ𣬺̸ű£ҲҲһؼȺС
Ͳˡűĸ׽һǼһǰġҲһ˴
ǰû𣿡Ҳ֮ʵΪиűɱĻ棬ϵɱأ
Ȼ𰸣ȫҲԤ֮⡣ûˣǲģ˵ԡ


2


Ŀʬ屻̧ߺɽΡMMعԱʿһڷӠĵܲϹűûκɱļ󣬵ͷ˵ǲ
ǰæһƺԡʸҰ¶ǵرֳͷ˵
֮ǰڿ˵˵ڶԵøɾʮ㡣
ű˾˷ʱƺſ϶һ˯£Էһֱ֦ʡԵֱʼӦĵģҽƲ˳硣
ˡûرֵһʬ巴Ӧ
ʱⰡʿֱ󲻾ˣҾδ̫ˡűĸ˵ಢûر𲻺á
ֻûвοֵ೬ǿ˶ԱҲĳһͻȻԡ
˵ǡ
֮űɺϡ˵Ҫǲܵ¡
ûҵһߵƷɡĻǵ
ɽڣ񣻼Ϸһŵӹѧеѧרҵ鼮֮⣬ʷС˵SFС˵ĿⱾȡоһϰķ䡪ϰһСɽ˳һƬű͸ף˴ĸ׺ðɣ˵ȫȥȪʱĵƬűʮǰƬˡ
ɽ૵ĸγ󣬺ò׶ʱȴɽűͬ׷ͺڷ˵ĸĸ
ɽŻԭλʱ󷢳ѵһͷһʸҰ¡һӣɤŽгڵϡ
ιôˣɽʸҰֻԣ޷ش𡣾ʲô¡
ɽĿתʸҰղڿű
ȫµĸֱʱϡ


軯壿ԼʶСı棬ɽĿࡣ軯ػ軯¶ɱ˳塭
ݶĻڣھΪűɱŨ˵ܲ⣬ºǰʿֱйϵʵϵʽԠܲĵԱҲһãҼ˴
УֱͬʡʶԱ߾ٸֱʣһ֦ƽĺɫֱʣʶԱŽзֽ⣬˿īˮҵĲ֡īˮģ仰˵ֱָʲǲīˮܣǴīˮƿȡīˮĿʽʼīˮƿԻ˶ķʽװīˮžʹǰˮǹװˮһװīˮĲ֣֡װ軯صĽᾧ
Сɧ
ôһôأݶʵ
ȥǲԭϣ軯һȶʣǡ
ʶԱóīˮƿҲű﷢ֵһģһʶԱ򿪸ӣֱʱʼƿнл˶װīˮͻ仯£ɫīˮΪɫīˮԣ軯ػϻѧ仯
ɧαøˡ
ɫīˮІʡ
УΪɫĳɷֺʡʵʵֳֵɫīˮƿ΢ƷҲ˵˿Ϊ˴ٽѧӦ˼֮ǿᡣ
˳˵ǻ۷м˵ͷۼôԱӦû˽Ӵַ﷽ʽ
Ҳ˵ű˾ĆһԱʵ
ǵġǲĲж٣ϾǸֱʣĵط൱߿δɢоڣԼǽӽ״̬ɡ
°˵
Ǻܿ¡ʵʷʱѧӦѾֹͣˣڠʸҰ̾Ūֱʱʣµ΢ɷֲֺӦӦ÷ǳʸҰ̾ĺȻܵ˵ڵءҺûΣա
ԱУ̲סЦ˳ʸҰҽԺ֣֮ĸþ˸ֱơΪжƺʹҲ鲻
ʶݶ¿γԸֱʽ˵˵ֱƺ԰ʽĵűϡʬԱߵĵϣװֱʺīˮƿţƤֽֽϵļļʿļǰһʮգŵ־ֵʴ÷־־MMعԱߡ
һѯʿ˵ȫǵԼĹֶ
ɽ룺ǵҲǡ˲ܻдԼ֣ʹʿ⡣
סַռˡļ˵֣ȫִġδMMعŵĻг롣
ֱS˾ƷװӵĶѰٻ˾İװֽţƤֽһűҵġװֽдˡƷֽ
ƹɽ˵ʿֱʬ죬յɥдšƷİӦûúɡԲű᳹Ȧס
참Ľ׶Ρ참ݶѭߵֱʺأʿֱ֮Ĺ
ɽǰȿھ̾ĳ
ʿĵͣڣھȻַ˼ֵ¡ӷͬʱȿڿ˵εİ֮ǰ֮ǷйءűǲǱɱʿֱķˣͬĶɱű漰ʿ
Ӧ˼ߵĿԡɽ˵ȣһŵʿֱ죬űĲڳ֤
ȿͷ
ô죬űһûٰɣ
û١ΪǹҲһ¡
ǰ˵ܹٵ뿪˾
УҲŵűʿֱ֮Ĺϵ
ڹйϵ𣿡
ͬо֮˵йϵ
ɽֱ¹ԱӦýɭ棬˵֪Щʲô
ˣһٵ˵Ĳڳ֤ȫ𣿡ȿŸı仰⡣
ܺʿֱйصˣԭ϶ˡ
ǹȿڲɲ˵ԭΪȻ٣һбٵɣû뵽кܶٲûرԭһMMع˾ָ¼ƻԵ٣ԱһӾͻϢձ˹ȡʵܶ˶ǿһӣߴСĥʱ䡣
ҪȷЩ˵Ĳڳ֤Ҳࡣ
û
ǣض𣿡
ֻһ˵꣬ȿʳָô˵ֻǻڹصɡ
˭
ʿǵĸɲ칫һ깬ӵԱŮ٣ûȷеĲڳ֤˵ڽлΡ
ɽһҲ˵ɡ
û˵Ůʹɱַġ
ձа
ֱʵĽûдֱڼҩ仰˵ֱӦзһŮ˻ᱻ˦
ȿ˵йĻˡ
ɽоʲôҪԺʿֱһ£һֱʲôڻԼǸ
ôˣȿʵ
ɽҡҡͷûʲôģҪΣƺҪһʱ䡣


3


Ҳҹŵ֪ľǲɱ±൱ˣҲɱ
ڷǺͬĸֱʡīˮҵĲװء˵
ҲԼӳóյİ
϶͵Ļеͬĸֱʡ֮⣬ɫīˮƿѰٻ˾İװֽƷ֡ļȫһ¡ҡҲŷֱֽʡīˮҵĲֳʰ͸ϸһȷʵװʲôǰɫĽᾧ塣
Ҳ˼Ƥ
ˡҲװжʵĸֱʣϷʵĿôΪ΢ĵĿ־塣صɱħֻɱűͬʱҲͼɱҲ
Ҳȷţ˺ɱʿֱͬһˡ˲֪ںɣ˼ƻıɱӵΪĿꡣ
һҰҲоһ
˻ַɣ֪Ҳûб߾ԼҲյ˸ֱʡ

ĵ籨űɱΪֱΪ˲Ѱĸо˸ۼҵǷǳжԵķַǷͨأ²ؼĳдַһյ˵һΪͬһҹ˾Աǰʿֱһ³һȻȴȫûᵽ֮Ĺͨʵ߲ǲᣬûκҲû취ɡ
걨ֽ֮ҲЬ׼ţ򿪴֮ǰֻһڡŴȫˣ˹ܿҲˡ룬°ؼʱǲ׽ݡ
ʹŴģҪҲǲܡ⣬ҲԼ֪£˴˱Կס˵ñԿ׽ݣŵӶڱ档ߣ˵ȴ˹ܿءȻȻᵼһ̼жҲؼҴչƵһ˲ը
Ҳ룬Աʳ¶Ҳһַ֮⣬аεϴ»ĵߣԼɱַൽ壬ճ鴤¶Ц뵽ļַԼɱӵֶΡҲ벻⾹ȻڱԼȫ֮跨Ϊǿ߳أϴʱϻָϾı顣
˹˾ȫ¹Ȼűˣȴûа˴£γɼ˵СȦȦһص̸ۡ
ҲߵԼλְ칫ϷűֽԹּдţĩʿרζǿŮԱּ
ѾϰδкȻ뿪оİ칫ҡרζңڷһҲˣʿɳϣָʾҲڷԡ
ΪģΪֱű¡ҲµͬʱڵûжĿףλרζµɫ
ǵûиףһأƽƽȵĿʵȫоĶܸ
ȫûСҲΪأҸʿҳűֲر׽
治ɫ˵ǻڵɡҺڷε£˵ɱ˵ȷˣ¾ˡ
ô˵ҲȵؿڷһۡûĻҲûʶҲߣĿǽϵķ羰
Ͼֱ񲻳ӵ£űҲӵĶ֡
ɳãȡڷ˵㲻ѡԼױɵֶΡ˵ҲűѾĶˡ
ǣ΢Ҳֱͦ
˸֮⣬ҲϺ˵ùȥȫû𣿡
ûСҲ̧ͷͦصػش
ʱ֤𣿡
ԡҲʱڷһۣȻ˵ʵϣ̾ѾһҵĲڳ֤ˡҳһ죬ҳȥݡӦõõ˵ı顣̾ҲûңΪҵĲڳ֤֤ʵ
˵꣬ڷķһۣһͷȻٶȿҲã֪ˡҲڻ㣬ֻҪ͹۵ʵҾܺεˡ
ǣ˵Ҳ۾شʱŵӶװ߽Ҳ̱ߡ
ллġ˵о΢΢һЦ
Ҳλ깬Сչˣ˵ٹþҪְˡ
มҲƳĲһۣ˵Ŀϵһ˲䣬Ҳִߡ
оһõ廨лˣ԰ɣ
Ӧڷ仰˵ǰ˲ʤįȻò豭
Ӳһ¡ۿҪ֮ǰҲĿת΢΢ͷ
ֻһ˲䣬˵߶ˡ

Ҳ뿪רζһϵݣڷֻˡ
Ūﲻ죬ǰ״Ǵͨϣ½⡣ڷŹϵĵ˵
ûзϡ
ǾͺãҲ̫ҵ¡룬ҪЭ֮ǣɻҵȫҵ֮С
²úͲйءֻʿҳűպöǻҵ˰ˡ
ϣˡ͹йأˡ
ͣסŴ򿪡ôˡڷҪµݣҲǰֹ
ˡ촽Ȼ˵ڷε£Ҫרζһ֮Ѿ͸͹۵ʵ֤𣿡
Ҳڴ¶ĳֱ飬ڷԾ治ɫǾҲȤ
Ȼ֤ˡڷ˵һ죬ȥ˺أϵʿƼҴš˰ʬʱںרζºȰءһ˵꣬ᲦҲֳ˵ݡ
ص֮Ҳ˼ڷĻָӦǷɻҵĹɡڷ˵ȥһˣϻ
Ҳ룺޷֤ʵںصĲڳ֤Ͳ֤סΪʬǰԼڵˣڷڼвڳ֤Ҳû塣صǣֱʱûвڳ֤
ڷһҲ룬Ǹˡϸ룬ʿֱܹ֮һʿƼʧȥжĿǰҪ̳ҵľڷˡһδҪMMع糤Ҳ롣Ҳתһ룬ڷûɱűĶȻڷֱʬϵõǷ飬ɱӦҲ޹ϵ
ڷɱֱķ˭ӦöûɱǷűҲɱǵɡҲʱֳָӵӰıɱԼǸôһпˡ
룺֮跨ǸŮˡܿǲɱֱűķˣҲԣǸжְҪǻϼңɾͲˡ㲻ҪֻǳúãҲԶǦʵӣСóþͷʱʰ鷳Ůˡ
Ҳ룺ɱֱűķǿӣҲɱ״ôһĶͻͣ״ǣķ˱ҧҲڵӣıɱ깬һ˲䣬Ϸͽˡ
ó磬Щ
ʹսԶǦʱϵĵ绰Ȼ񣬽ͲΡ
ĩҰ绰ʿӴġ


4


ʼϰ󲻾ãcԭҹȥҳҰᵽ칫ҡһεűţδڲƽϢ
ΪҳԼ˵İ칫±ͺ֡Ǽ䷿ԤҪĳң֮ڰİ칫͹ƹޣ˳һļС
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ʿҳᡪһ桢һֱ˶ʱеӪգùܹõع
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5


ɽȵɭ뿪ʹߵ̨Եߵ绰ͲоһΣǰľԼҪ档
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ǴǿʱҲǺԹԵؽ˵˾ǸˣʵǲΪʲôᷢأɽĲɵľûû˵˵

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6


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7


Ҳʮǰڣڿλ꿧֮󣬽ߣĿⲻ¥µ·ǺԼʱ
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8


֮ԭС᪸𵺡ݡᴨ顢֮աȻǺľǶٹ·һǧһʮԲ䡣
ľ䡭ɽ䡣֮䣬ñ˵Ҫõ֮ԭСվݣͱڰ·θٹ·ȻΪյ㣬ֻҪںľһθٹ·
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мգʬֵַ˺˰ɡ
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9


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ҲֱʷŻԭλӹóƱChivas RegalոʿɣȻɫҺעƱָߣžƱڴߡһ֮󣬲ʶԼһǳĵ¡ChivasľƿѾˣܱ¶ҲȽͿھƱڲࡣ
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˿ǣֱҲɱӼƻʱ¡ɱ˼ƻֳABCֽɫʵʶɱ˵AĹ˭ӦöɫԴ˿ƾϴ˺ü֮󣬸ԳһţȻõѡϣĽɫ
뵽ҲвһʡֱΪʲô˿ƾɫأʱҲװģʵǷرأҲ˵ó˿ħֱܹɵɡ
ˣֱӦûƲԼAĹʵȴˡҲűֱ鵽4ѡBCĹҲ˵òAĹˣǳ鵽2ֱֻܵһֱһʼʹԼAĽɫΪ˴Ŀ꣬˿Ƴǩ
AֱӶɱӵĽɫΪϣɫأп𣿲ӦòܣҲ̷񶨡ʿֱˡ˵ϣôĻֱ˵ͺˡʹ˿ħҲ⽫ɱ˵Ľɫø
״ʲôأҲ૵
ɱӣʿֱ϶ҲǣŻ
űҲΪԭҲҲˡ



    ıɱ

1


ʮһ¶ʮգ塣ɽһʱϢĦ۽һ̫óʱĶС֡һ۲˵ģ
ܲڿҪֽˡ
ʿֱһűĵҲ޽չƩʿڷ˽ֱʰɰ͵ǶʱĲڳ֤Ȼʱֱһع˾ʱķ˵˭õ˰˳Ҳ㵱УŻù˾ʾְɡڸֱʵĹ򴦣鶫Ѱٻ˾ĵԱõ˼ϢűҵİװֽøҰٻ˾ĸֱͼӸðװʽġ֪һʮ¡ٻ˾ĵԱǣھһµ˻ش𣺡ǲô󡣡
⾿ζʲôأǷڱҵ깺ֱʣ׼õĶѰٻ˾İװֽ°װȻĿĴǻĳ̶ֳϣ˵ǳɹ
֮ʵʹþһ鷶ΧֱܲʵĹ򴦡ɵĴȻĿǰȴûлϢ
شﵽ֣²ˡMMعȴĲֿУ൱أǹʿȻֹ룬Ȼ˾Ʒ򲻻ܵκ˵ʡˣΪǾ綾ԷıܿСԿԿƽڲֹԱӳУ֪Կ˾ߡ˵ôһ˸ǹ˾ڲˡ
ΧȷʵСˣûоԵ֤ݡ
ɽʹû䣬MMعű˾칫ĿʼǱ˱ʼǵȡΪ˵й˾ڲĻܣɽԭű˾ˣҺûв˿Ĳ֡ű˾Ȼ̹ɽý塣
ôûзʲô̾˲һƢӡ
ɽлӹ豭¶ƣЦ˵ûҮ
Ϊٻкʿֱйص£ҵĵ飬ȫ޹ءоһκͿ󻮲֮кϵ
Ϊʿ˵ҳʵֻǹģʵϼȫ
̾Ҳûʲô
ʱԵĵ绰ɽ쵽һ룬ֹ̾Ͳ
ޣǼ°Ǻ޷ְšรźˡԽԽû޷֡źֱݡ
ǣڴϻףҪȥޣԽҪҮֱһۣãҵ·ȥãվ԰ɣﵽһطOK
ֱʬԶһſɫťۣƺԴ˵ĵԱġϸ΢ĵ鹤Ȼ֪Ƿйأǲ͵
ɽ̾һϻͲװ뿪
·ȥáȻһ仰⾭ƽĶԻСʱ仰ȴɽеʲô·ϡȥáȻһûеһôţֻʶԼһ¡һӾЯĵ·ͼᣬߵȿߡ𳤣űĳȻںľ¸ٹ·İɣ
ɽͻȻôһ˵ȿں޷ϻ˼Ӳ˼˵վݵ𣿡
ʽ⿪ˡ
Ǽ²ǿס𣿡
Ҳûġһֱűĳʻڶٹ·гһ϶ڴȻ󱻰˵鲻վӦòǴӺľȥʱվݣǴӶȥľʱվݡ
ȿ¿ɽΪʲôΪ
Ϊ뵽йʵɱֱķ˽ʬľڴͬʱӶǰľӹʬֱֱĹԢʬôһ˫Ͷ˲ȫĲڳ֤ҲǸɱ˵ûʱˣ˵зʱĲڳ֤Ǹ򵥵Ȧס
Խķʽʬ𣿡
û˵á
ȿûñű첲˵˵ű𣿡
ɽͷֻҹʬ壬űӦҲõȥ˾Ӱ࣬Ҳ㹻ʱ䡣
ǣűǱɱ𣿡
˾Ųʮ
Ȥȿɿ˫ۣ˫ַϡ
Ҿ˼ֹڴˡʲô֤𣿡
ĿǰûСɽ˵ǣҲû֤ܹƷ԰ɣӦ˼пԡ
û֤ܹƷ
ȿĿ̧ͷɽʿֱƶʱ䣬ʮŵİ㵽ϰ˵֮䡣Ҳ˵ڴɱʬľʱҹҹںľʬ彻ҲôǿĲڳ֤ɡ賿ʮ֮ǰûвڳ֤֮вڳ֤Լ޷ʬ塣ôŵĻۡ
źûˡ
Ȼİɡ
޷ʬ˵ֱĹԢȴܰ˵ľ𣿡
ȿһߵüë˭
ǣɽ΢һ£˵ĩҲݡʮ㵽ߵŸСʱûвڳ֤Ҫʱڽʬ˵ĹԢ۷ݵù죬Ҫݺͺľ֮ȴ練ơ
ĩԭˣһɱֱĶ
ȿʳָ棬ǲҪأ˵ˣƶʱ㵽˵㡣ʱвڳ֤Ǿû취չˡ
ûǣһһǶʱĲڳ֤
ιɽԴ侲һ°ɡȿʳָָɽıǼ⡣ִűĳѹû֤֤ʬġ
ɽ֡
ʶεıűӺĵ
ˣë֮⣬ûзƴʬϵ
ʶԱɫëά
᲻عأ
ë̺ɽ˵ɫë̺˻᲻Ǹʬأ
ǹȿؿµҡҡͷõ
ʬϴװ׾ͻ֪
˼ǣװմɫ𣿡
ë֮ɽ˫ֳ棬֮һὫԽķʽʬ뿼ǣٴµʿĲڳ֤
ȿڿŵüͷͷ˵ã㾡ܵ鵽Ϊֹһµʬϵװס

ɽúƿ
ȻΪԽķʽʬ壬ʿУȴҲڳ֤ǺϵˡΨһпܵĩӵĲڳ֤ƺһֱݵĿͻһ֤ĵ鱨УҲû֤ݡ
ɽ룬Ĳڳ֤ԤϵԼᱻƵġ̫Եÿɡɽ֮Իô룬˵ǰ뽺ţ롣
ɽΪ˵ʿĵص㲻Ǵ棬ĩڵݡֱ´渽ùݡȻڴġĳҪĩ棬ǰݡȻĩɱδô롣ֱ޷ıƶʱ䡣ֱò͵ĵطʱ䣬ԼʱԵʳܹ൱ȷƶϳʱ䡣
ֱ㵽˵֮㲻ı䡣ʱĩвڳ֤
ߡɽоԼһ뷨Ļһо˵ͨˡ
ܰɡ뷨ΪΪδ̫ƫʵˡ


2


磬ҲǰƷ֮ǰоеƷû豸ȫܹռĸָʾӦκƷ빤ֱһ䣬͸ѹĴ棬ԿƷԱæµ߶Ӱ
Ҳ߽ڣѰƬƽֵҲһüΣƷϵһƬƽԼλϴ绰ҲЦݵسȥƬƽҲһŻͲͷ⡣Ͻ˵绰
Ҫֵİġһ塣Ҳ˵
أSUS304𣿡
ԣһˡ
ƬƽñӣǰϷó·ϣƬƽҲѯ¡оֵüɹɣ˵̾ÿ춼𣿡
ûÿŪﲻ̫
飬ﲻɡҲû뵽˾ᷢ顣
˲ϷóƬƽϳһһƽߵķβְ塣Ҳһ˵ô飬ƽҾ͹ˡ
ʲôϲǱ߾ˡ˵꣬Ƭƽ߽ϲķóһСеĲְ𣿡
ԣˣге㸴ӵ״Խҳ𣿡
иȽϿࡡ
Ҫ׼ȣޱߺ鷳
Ƭƽͷִͷģͼӹšѹרõģ͵ȡƬƽ鳤ҲҪ
㵽ҪʲôҵĻҿ
Сһ׮Ͷ㡣ԼȽϿ졣
Ʒ𣿡
ôõĶ
ðɣ͡Ƭƽ˵ȥˡ
ȵӰʧҲʼ֡νиһֱ׵Ļͭˮзŵ磬ضϲϵĻеֻҪǽܽضϣ׼ȴﵽ΢ףܹüؿƽض״
ͭضϲְ塣ҲŽضΣɱӵļƻ죬ʾ֭õĽǣûһɱӵķðաûзɱǲȷܷɹƩ罫¶ɿĸҲһַļѡַԶҪɱǲܵġӱ밲ԼУԵһĶɿɲʬԱɢһء
μƻУһͿӽõŮԱ˵ĻԼϣҪȥ־硣ֽڹӦòȥϷ֮ǰԼˣֲܾܾ
ҲװʵӼ㿪ʼĵ˵ߵ㵽ʮ롣
ûᣡûʧ
Ҳ룺ֻðһˡΪɱӣðһˣǰʬʱֻҪһεʱ׼ͺˡ
仰˵ıɱ֡
ֻɹʧܡϷλᡣ


3


°ǰŵ˶ĹҶ˵õģע:ΪľգдΪ⥯ָһܵеһ졣һܵһϰʱ˿ġ
뾡Ҷϵ绰Աݲβ㿪ʼȥȾơ
ɭСҪҪһȥżһһ
ڰʱͬŵԱԼ
ԼüΣǴûμӹǸҽԼͷǸ
û취ˡԼ𣿡
ţǡ
ۣҲ֪Ү̱ƹͷһ
ټĿԱȥ
ʰϣҲ·뿪˾ԼڳȥĿȵ档
絽ӣڿǽλˡţпɫƤпˣһ̶Ĵ硣ֹ棬ЦβƲ
ʲô֣ҲҪȡɵͬʱǰ͵ķ˵ǰѾſȱˡ
źûдջ̹˵ѵ顣Ǹε˵
มȻһֽ𣿡
ɡ̫׷ףᱻ񿴴
มʵ˵Ҳûʲôչ²æ΢һ¡
ʲô֣ʵ
ҡҡͷֻ֪һˣԴӵʱеƲһ˹ȥ
һ˾ǹ𣿡˵ʱͿ
߼ţ׽裬߿˵ǣһȤķ֡
ʲô֣
ɵ¡
ҵ£ô𣿡
֮ǰûע⵽ҵŵʱҲ˲š첿ڵʵ鲿
ޣһµıͷţǰΪҽ˾֮һֱͬһţҲõˡ
ǣɺ𣿡
ףüͷ
ܾⲻɺϡ
ôܡ̫ˡ
𣿡涨ضſȱڡĬҲͷúƳĬ
ʮ˽顣ǣ̫ˣεûйϵôΪġ˵ֵͷ̬ȸоֻųԼ
֪˵ʮֻҵ󣬵ϣϣҷȥһӣ˵Ļ
ҲǸ˼Щ֪ߣҲᡣǣʲôأ
ţһûǡֺһڿȣӿȵĴԶľɫһۣȻ˵ĩ鿴˵¡ҳ֮ǰű칫ңҺ⡣


4


ʮһµҲͣھ빫ԢԶĵ绰ͤԣĿӻؼҵ·Ӽλһ¥Ԣ¥ڲ࣬ҲȷϹԱڡ
ӵʮһʮ֣ҪˡʵҲִмƻô룬ⶼǲܵġ֮ǵúһ治ɡ
ʱһۣʮһʮ֡ʱǰֳͷơһ⳵￿⳵һڹԢǰͣĳžʹˡڵƵԿڸǮǿ³Ѹٳſɡ϶ǿûҺɫףһֽûзҲԢ
Ҳ³߽绰ܹͤӼҵĴͲĿֱŴоʱرӼ¥Ӧûݣߵأ
ҲðʱӼҵĴ˵ƹ⡣ΪɫϵԵʣԵʡҲ绰һƽһ水ְťȻӵ
ңĩҲ˵оڵ绰ͷһ
ʲô£ô
ںӵ£лҪ˵Ҹڷȥ𣿡
һźҲÿʲô
˵𣿡
Уһֱڵؼҡ
ʲô£
Ǻӵ°ӺǺ¡
һĬӻ֪ҲɱĻȻȡ䡣ʹˣҲҲ跨Ҳɡ
УҲƣűʿֱ¡
֪ʲô𣿡
Ҳٶ룬ӦʲôҲ˵ʲô֪𣿲δء
֪ˡҲ˵ú̸̸
Ǽӵĳţ˵ðɡûԼ
á˵꣬Ҳ˻Ͳ

ҲСĲ˿ߵӼǰסŰѡָͿ˽żתŰѡΪ˲ָµһ׵Ļӻɡ
˵һûһڣǽߣԾ
ѽҲ˵þû䷿ˣӦҵڶɡ
ǵΡ
ԭˡ
˵ɡ°ָָ輸ɳҲϴЬָλá
ԭ벻ʲôźáϲĶ
Ҳ׾ƿͷзڲ輸ϡð׾ƸɱɣܲþƱ
Ϊʲôɱ䵭˵л˵ɡ
֮ǰһ¡
ӹһԡҲԼóƱȻÿƿγľɫҺ嵹ƱС
ǣɱҲƱ
ֻ¶뿴«ʲôҩûþƱ
ôˣʵ
ҽˣޱػش𣬡ԶĺӲðɣ
һûϵ
ҡҡͷ˵ҴӸղžڵҪ˵ʲô
ҲҲûкȾƣֱӽƱڲ輸ϡһΣû˼õӣ
ûС
ӵĸ׻ѾࡡűʿơҲ˵꣬۲ķӦ
ʱĿ⡣֪ˣ
šһ˵ģô죿
ǿ΢ʼ磬ñЦһòģֻҪǺӵĸ׵ͺˡ
²͸Ҳ²͸ڴʲô̡
֪˶ˣôأ
˼ǣҪ߾ôĻӵĿһ¡
֪Ҫ˵Ҳ߾ҵ£԰ɣҷġ㣬ûжй©֮°ɣǽǵдڼ±֮ġ
ģù˾ߵ绰԰ɣ
ͺáҲһ˵˵ʱ̹˵һɵġ
ЦˡǿӲ˵Ϊʲôҵɱأ˵ɱء
ʵҲס˵ĳ嶯˵ʿֱһ죬˾ٶ԰ɣѵҪ˵ǵɺ𣿡
ǿ¶ɵı飬Ȼԥʲô߲ͣơͣҲϡ˵һ찡ʿҪȥ档
ҳҪȥ棿ʲôҲװȣװɵʡֱȥɣҲ˭
Ҳ̫˵Ҫ飬ϣȥһˡ˵ǺҶĺйءҾȥ˴档

´泵վ¥㣬һҽVidroĿȵ꣬Ҫ
ֱƺ棬Ȼ󿪳ʺɱĵص㡣ȻЩֱкδأ
ǣ˵ûҸɵСʱ
มҲӿӵѣǳʵأȻ̶ֳȵݼԣֻСһ׮
Ȼ죬˵ˡŵòֹͣ
ȫû𣿡
ûУȻͷű԰ɣȫ㲻ôһ¡
йͨ㡣˳һҡҲŻ־壬㣬Ĳ𣿡
ûɱ˶ɣ̯˫˵
ҲֱؿҲĬĬעҲ
ˡ˵ôķˡˣҪҪȱƣ
˵ˣҲȡ
Ϊ˶𣿡Ҳһ˵ʱɴ۾Ȼһ뵽ʲôı飬ҡͷ
ǰҲɱҡȻ벻ɱʿűɡ
ŲҰǣôҲ򿪺;һİͷӡһ֪ʽĵӷǳϲҵĸ㣬رǽ÷ӷŽеĵġ
ƺʽ㣬ֵҮࡣȻֶҡ¶̽
㻹ڻҰǣһȳԸ㿴Ҳ˵
ӴӰ˸һݸҲ򿪰װԥҧһڣȻ˵һ㶼ݱ˰ɡ
ӵһ۾ȥҲ׼Ͳ豭ıӰ˵ǵ
ûΪʲôֻӴݵ׼ӣȻⲻȥˡ
Ǹ㲻㡣˳õʿƼҵĲƲŻҪһѣôһһû취иùޣ𣿡
ҶԽûȤӽ赹豭˹豭ϻð̡
มԵ
ڲԡ˵
ŲҡҲ¶ЦˡǣΪʲôԽûȤ
ҵϷ˼䡣Ҷĺ鳣ʵĽǮһֱڵȴֻᡣǼ𣿡
仰¶һĨЦ㻹Ǽ棿ˡ
Ҳûл죬ð̵Ĳ豭ʱͣ
ôˣʵ
ϸһ룬ֻҵ㣬δ˵ȥɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ġ
Ҳıɱ㡣
á
Ҳ豭Ƶǰ¶΢ЦǸ豭
ϣͷأ֪ôİɣʿƼңҲżȮ졣ôһҾվյĵطˡ
ţԼݵĲ衣Ҳ״Ʊ
ԭ̫ɱ
ţû²豭ͻȻɴ۾ס͵ĶȻɳϣʼ
ҲȾƿſʹӰ˼ǣ˿ú¡Ϊһжڼƻ֮Сӹֹͣ˶Ҳȷ֮󣬻վžƱýżҡҡӵ塣ȻûзӦ
ǼˣҺΪһ̸Ҳ˿ӵͷһţʲôգôϣٳˣ
ҲڿӲڼʱ¶Ϊֹãʹõĵط͸Խ˵˼¡ǹֽţ̡λ͵ȵζϣԼˢòһ֣ʧܵĻʶܸߡÿʲôʱţ̣ζʲô˶»ἫȽͶء㽫ͿˢϣҲ֪жڡ
صǣǿӻҲǰµʳΪԼ֪ʱжǺΣյһ¡統ʱպңһо͹һˡ
¶ϻʳȥҲһַݿȵϣȻ˻¶أȻǰŵԳҳ˻¶ʵϷǳѹЩʹ߾ˣҲ¡ǾԼݵĲ򿧷ȡ뵽ʱҲ뵽˾ѵ¶ط
ǲĺڲࡣȽ״شӺ쵹ȥôһۿ˶ֽšһŽҶעˮؾͻֱܻӵ豭ͻγŨɱ˵Ķ衣
ҲȷŻɹִмƻȻ˿ӡ
ȷϿˣָĽżȻĵһϴ豭;Ʊɾ֮СĲָƵطŻصӹ񡣾Ҳû뵽ӵЩйءҵסҲʰװһЩˮĲڿǰ档
뽫趨ɿɱ֮ǰһ
Ҳߵױ̨Ѱ̽ʺϵ׺ʬװƷǷױ̨Ϸһ͵롣öǻƽʣмʯ
൱߼ĶҲ룬ʬɡ
תһ룬Ǿա˵ӽȥϷĵطһ˵һȥŮԱִ
̫עϸڡ룬뿪ױ̨شЬļ顣ͷ롰û⣬Ȼӿ׹۲ģȻҹǱ˷ַ鷳ȷû֮󣬴򿪴šûҪصڵĵơû˻Ĩɱɡ
߳⣬ñԿ˳֧֡ԿףƷĻеġʱҲ߽ӵİ칫ӳóԿףȡģٳÿȥ־ʱ֧Կң¶
Ҳһ뿪ԢصԼϡûκ¡ΪֹҪʱ̲ʧ棬ţԢǰʱһЦⲻӿͷ


5


ĩĶʮһ깬ӵʬ屻˷֡Ϊ޹ȱڣŮͬµλڵڵĹԢ˵˾֮ԿӦԣΪű˾¡
ӵڲϣֻһװķ֮һˮĲڴϺ룬ûжŹļ󡣷ҽʬէ֮¿ж͸մζҺж֮һ
Ƿ𣿡һ˵ǹȿڡڷҲ൱ֳִνˣָɱʿֱű˾ķˡ
깬ʿĲŴֱһ죬١ɽǰ͹ȿ̸˵˵ͬʱһɻںӿͷ깬ӷ֮УûرԵ֤Լ
ŮıɱˣĿĺɱɱ˶꣬ôһ룬Ҳ
Ҳܽ˵ɽ˵һʼʹɱǶʿƻֱӦöôĲ߻ɱ˷ַַô붼ǷΪԼ
˵ľıˡǳ嶯ɱأҲǶԾĵе£ѡɱ
ɽҡҡͷεķ˺侲ı󶯣嶯¡
ɱԭǳڳ嶯֮¾ͻˡȿɽļ磬ָʾԱж
ɽ߽ӵҡһŴһױ̨ױ̨Ĵܹճȫױ̨иƽ룬̵߷һε鱦С
ɽ鱦ڣȻΪ࣬ʽ鱦õİ˳ɶıʯɽЩӣ룬ʱ·нˮߵֶܹ
ɽ¹ʱָͬоŮεƷƼһ֪ʹˣֱЩǸߵ
൱ݳ޵
ǳ̾ɽԣͬ¹ڡ乫Ԣķ⣬ӦҲ˰ɣټߵҪǮ
šҲе㻨̫ǮЩˡҲǼʣǵ΢нˮǲܹġ
ΪڵŮǮǳ̾Ľдϵ˵
ɽŴױ̨ĳ롣䷿ûаɹ񣬱ʯ֮ĹƷĶأʣɽױ̨ĳ롣ֱ¶ˡŴۺͽȹƷӡҲһѵûС͵ʱô
ɽ򿪴һ飬ŮӶǮĺĸǿҡ
ǿͷ֣ɽʧǧһʮԲ
룬ô£Ƿн֮ǰҲδ̫˰ɣ˵ʹǸձҵ˾Աһܴһϡ
ȻɽϾҲѹ֡է֮£깬ӹݳ޵ԴٵÿȻ£һʴԵòȻû˿Լɽ¶ЦԼʮµСŮȽʲôأЦΪӳУ˸עĶ
ǹҺ֤дɽơԺʮʮգʱһǰ
𳤡ɽȿڡ

ɽƾ깬ӵĹԢԼʮӳ̣һÿӵҽʦֵ࣬ɽǰʻɫ߰׵ҽʦӵѶɴ۾
һе㲻һǸŮôȥ˰овƣеϦ
˵һе㲻һʲô˼ɽʵ
ҵһۿʱĸо˵ҽ鷳ҿҴǻˡŮ˵ֱӣˡ
ǣ𣿡
ˣҽʦףʱҲûзӦеˣҲĮġû飬ٿܴ
ɽҽʦ൱侲ķ
ûж̥𣿡ʵ
ûУҽʦ׵ػش𣬡ԭҲΪ᲻ϣ̥أºӡô˵һ
Ӵºӡɽһ˼˭ĺӡһ̽Եʣںӵĸףû˵ʲô
ҽʦıЩŤ̹˵£깬Сһеֵ⡣
ֵ⣿
šʲôʱ֪ӤѪ͡
ɽʵȷ֡
룬깬СҲӵĸ˭ԲŻѪҺŪһɡ
ԭô°ǣҽôشأ
ҸѪǾܾһ˲䣬ѪõȺӳ֮ΪгڵѪͣܰ漫ߵΣա
깬С˵𣿡ɽʵ
һ£ǽˡǾѺĻҲá˵꣬ҽʦٶ¶źı顣
صɽȿڱ档ȿ̧ͷ컨壬ϡ
깬ӻˣԼҲúӵĸ˭仰˵һϵйϵʹ֪˭ӻǴѺѵԼһ˷𣿡
ʵ벻ͨɽ˵Ĺ۲죬ǸݳŮˣһ˳ԿθĺӳŮˡ
Ůһ̸ӣͻһˡ
ôԲ˵вŮ˵ǲ飬Ҫӡ˽ܹ˺һŮ˵Ĺͨ㡣
һĿǡɽŮԲֻ̫ñֳĬ
֮ҳӵĸ˭
ȿܽ˵Ƿžˡ
ָʿֱű˾ɽһͷͬ


6


Ҳ⹫˾ڲڿķӦ籨ϵıδᵽ飬ǷʬŮԱ˵ĻҥԴˣ󲿷ֵ˺ΪɱҲһͬҲ˵˵˵ҵ깬ɱˡ
ͬ»˳˵˵ɱʿҳһεűҲԭίŮǿ¡
˵һҲûҲس͡
磬ǰĹҲ̸¡
ҺűΪˣ˽ԹȻŮ֮ʲôɡֳгˣƺҲڳһЩйصȤϢͣת
Ҳ̫Ҳֻ˻ش
ԱҲڶ˵л˵״ѡ
Ķ϶֮ǰĿ죬Ҳ̫©ץƷǺܺá㿴ʱʹϳ覱ƷҲֱװܲ취һ㣿
űΪμƷƷ˵
ûʲôɣںƷлᱻ
ô˵ûڸз֣Ͳ˷ˡ
֣ʹϳ覱ƷͺǰһҵԱ°ɣ
ǵġС൱ϸҵû취ȫԶɣ
ֻҪ˹һ죬μƷͲʧѲõĽƵϡ
ҲǸ˼
˵л˵״ѣ𣿡Ҳɤ˵صؽҵ񣬾ΪС𣿣
ʵһ̨˲ָҲһط˽кӵĵط˵ֹͣˣȴͻȻԲŻصԴ
รҲ˻һ̨ۡ΢ƶֱʱĹ޸ĵĻ֡ţҵ鿴벻ܵӰ졣
鷳ˣϾȥ귢¹ʣһҵ˶ĵġ
ô˵Ҳݺݵصһۡ¹ȷҵԱĲʧ㲻úýԱᣬҿǺԽҮ
кúýֳôҲû취ƫ
ƫ˵ûҲ˵ߴ򿪿ء
ޣˣ΢ıܹ˾ѯĩ¡
ҵ£ҲֱͣߵĶͷʲô
˺ֵ¡ܹ˾ϣһرֹĻơ룬㱾ġ
Ҳüͷĺ֣˭ģ
Էֻ˵ԼǸϢˣһŮԱ
Ŷ˭ءҲʼеһǿҵĲá


7


깬ӵʬ屻˷ֵĸϣӻ˵Ϣ֪ͨĵܲӵϼڸԣ޷ƺǴϵĵһɻġȿǰȥʻ
ɽMMعѾǵڼȥأɽһνļ㣬һڹ˾ŵķÿǩڻʹҲԼҳ߶
һȼҰΣƹоŮԱŮôǰ˵֪ʶӵ͡ϸµ൱ʺϴ۾˵ʽ²ǲšҰԼҲ²Ρ
棬˳ӵǵָʾѾϢҰԽΪƽ˵
Ҳ˵Ǹ𣿡
ǵģǡҰЩ£˵ʱ˵ͨҾʲôô˵ڹȴ©ȡ˷ѽжǳ˹֮⼸ûнȫ֪ƽ˽Ӧÿ˵ǣҿ˽µɡ
Ҳ˵ѹ˾˽и𣿡ɽ˵ִ˵
ǵģңҰ˵һ£̹˵еûޡ۾ɽͷΪĻ
̽Եʵ翵ɱûиأ
ȫûУڹûȱʧ
ޣǣƵ˵ǵ˹ûǳʾˡ
ְǣ
˵Ҫϼ׼ˡϸԭû˵
ɽ룬ĻԡĿҰǶڿӻУƺһ֪ϴֻʳôɣȥҪͿߵýˣҰƼͿͬڽ˾гҰӵŮԱɽûдϵõõϢ
ȫ޷£ͺˣòӽڿ׵˵
ɽ̽ӵŮϵ
ƯҲʾãҲ˵ʵں˭ԱԼȥѩֻԼҲûȥ
˵ǹ˾ˡɽ˵
벻ܣΪȫû˵նط񶨡
û˲ܻСң淢һҹӡ˵ҰҲ깬һ֪ţɽʿ档űҲͰˣʿֱ깬ӵĹֻͨ
ǵɽߵ绰ĻͲʱı⣬ý쵽ΪֹͺáΪҪõϸȫ֮˵Թõ绰͵ܲ磬ȿָʾȥޣҪԤȥŮӴѧʱѴĵԱ档
Ҵӿӵĸ׿ʳ˶Է֡ǺһȥйӵͨѶжԷ緽ʽ
ȿ˵һ䣺¾Ͱˡ
صĳһ¥ĿȵꡣɽһȥһӾǹȿСеһ١ɽ곤֣꣬һºʵǽ
̫ˣץץͷ[۾¹ŮˣԽء
åȽϺ𣿡
ǻ˵åͲùǶԷĸܡŮӣ͵ÿʻķʽ¾Ͱˡֱһֵ
Ӻ󣬳µŮӡƺٵһǾ죬ֱŮûɵ뵽èڵסɫŵĳ毺ã˵ģضҲţ÷װ͡
˵Լɼӣдɽ֪Ȼţڴ̾ǡ
Ǹæ֮д㡣ҽ֮ɽǸ
Ϊ˵ְ⸽һұչ˾֪깬С˰ɣ
ղ˵ˣӴҷǳȡ
ƵƵգۣõ޳ŮҲóѹ
ɽ̲裬ͿӵĽΡ赭д˵ѧʱѣҲȾƣû档˵̣ܲܳɽ˵롱̻ҸŲǰҲԼΪݣ̽񫣬Ѹٵ̻ҸеĻȻôָʱƤóɫʹ˧صȼ̡
ɽʣĿһңûͨ绰𣿡
ü·ָ̫Ѩϣһǰд绰ҡûʲô¡˵ֵĻ˵һΨһһεĴע
עָĲ𣿡ܵ˵
Ӳ˵ʲô˼Ҳϸشҡ˵˰ɡ˵Ϊһˡףʲô˼أ
˵Ҳ¶˼ı顣
һǰ֪֪ȷأ
ʲôʱأޣԡӦڶһأ
ʮն԰ɣɽ̿ż±˵
ӵͷ˵Ӧǡ
ɽ룬΢еͷˡʮǿӵɽƼǷеӡ仰˵˵ġһΨһһεĴע϶ָҪºӡ
ǣΪʲôǸעأ
ʱʵ깬С˵Ľأ
ӲɽҲʣʱá
ûⷽ¡ǰǵ빫ˣ˵ҵ˸ʺϵĶ󡣡ô˵ʱ΢յļ⡣
ѧʱͲ˽𣿡ɽʵ
𣿻ңè۾ɽһۡ
˵Ӱɡ
ɶˣ߼ʱѡҾȫûԵ
ҾӦú֡͵ʱѶ𣿡
Ӧǣͽֵú
ԭˡ
ɽһ¡ôʿ֣ܺ깬СѧʱûвСĻй
ͻȻ䣬ӵı鲻õŤʹˣɽûбߣֱ촽Ȼ¶ͷı飬³ɫ̣֪йΡ
Ѻõ˰ɣ
ǵġ
ʲôʱأ
ʹĵ졣
Էǣ
ʱѧʱڴ򹤵ĵطʶӰʦ
ӵƺҲı˲١ⲻҪӺԶ̥±ܡ
ûЩ˽𣿡
ѹû˵ҪһӲõǮΪ󡣡
νļ𣿡ٵ૵
мζӵ˵ƽͥҪᣬΨһĻǽ顣Ͼ⿿飬ӵġ
깬Се𣿡ɽ˵
΢°ʣ𣿡
ǲУǵɡΣĶ𣿡
˾󲻾ģ̾˵ź˾ƺûкö󡣡
̰״ôأ
ңӽʣһ볤ȵ̻ҸϨҪ顣
ǹϲˣԷ𣿡
ǵģмҵĴС˵
ô˳ҵأ
ǻ˵ʶġ˵꣬΢°͡

ɽǻصܲҲˡҪȿڱӿӸ״ݣɽվһ
ӳڸڣ׵ְҵǸʦǽᡣһ磬¹һˮ๫˾ϰࡣûĸףĸʮǰ顣
ô˵һ
һʮһ̡һý˵ӵļصССѧ֮ǸСҵΪ˵ǿҪ󣬽붫˽ŮӴѧ
Ϊȿ̾˿
˵˵ѧڣҵҲûعϼҰΡҹʱļʼĸġ
˲ʤ꣬һζؼңǮȴһëٵҪ
˵ѧʱĸѣһʮ򡣵ǱԹá
ȿ¶ᷳı飬ҡͷ
ϸ׳ô࣬Ů˰ɡ
˵һҲû൱ɥǿ
е𣿡
˵ˣоϲһǹ治ζȻȫ֪飬ܴöһ¡
ô𣿡
ţӵĸôһشѺ¶˼ʲôı顣е⡣ûʲô˵ġмԽܵ¡
ú󣬱ֶ·ǰȥϢĵԱ½ûرشջֻе鿵дĵԱ΢˸Ȥݡ
Ҳ˿ӻӻǮܣԱ˵ȫôġÿս֧ںü¡нˮеļɹ֧ÿµķڸӦþûˣһ仰îԼûԾ
ɽÿοۣоͻΣʶǹʱͻʧȥԾÿ塣
֮ͼĲƲֻǳ⡣ңǮķʽ΢Щ˿ʼ˰ɡ
ѽѽôѼƷκ鱦ֵزءεȫŮӵͶĶ
ˣѧоСıˡȿóļʿֱе̻ҸֽʣĲݼ޷ʶ
ֻܱʶABȼǺŶ𣿡˵
ȷ˵ʱֻܱʶABCӢĸݿѧоСı棬Ҳֻǿ֡
ȿڽļǰ˵Ŀ⼯ļϡȻ̷ʧ
⼸֣԰չʵûа˵
Ǹ
Ҫô죿ŵʿûи𣿡
ҲУµȴϢҲһҪMMعЭӦòܾɡ
˵ǸȿڵĿҲôָ԰а
һӵĽʽˡ
Աһá
ǷжʱӦǶʮһϡ
⣬ȿɨڳĵԱ£̥á
ӵѪǣɽʵ
ˡͽ۶ԣʿֱű˾Ǻӵĸס


8


졣ǶʮգġҲڼУϡˣûرҵסʱ΢Ϊﰲӣʺ˼顣û̾Ҳߡƺ̾ʿˣԿӵᱻɱݲ¡ô˵참ôʡ
еú˳ҲԴ˸е⡣ˣδɱֱűķ˭ǿӡ
ǵ취˲Сһ뵽£Ͼ顣
Ҳ˼ȫɵ£ڱܼݹ֮䡣MMعоԱǣὫԼоɹдɱ⽫Ϊ˾ʲоԱкüˣÿÿϾˡб汻Ƴ΢ЩϹС
Ҳ㱵ţһԼվڻҵıͻȻӣбɫӦǿΡ
ࡡѰӦ¼Լı΢Ψȱһݰˣ̫ࡣֻҪǹ˾Ա˭ϡڲ˽ˡ
˭ڿءҲԴ˸Ȥ߽ڷ΢ĶķһĶ̨ڲֻһˣŮԱҲе졣ʶŮˣǹȥʿֱ칫ҵԱɭ档
Ϊʲôڿҵıء뵽ǣĹʱ¡˵˴ܹ˾绰ѯҲĻˡͨ绰᲻Ҳɭأ
Ҳֵشӱ󿿽ĳļзһԣ΢·ڱȶߵݡλãļеݡҲڹӺ棬꽺ãϻĿأȥŻݹļƺŽһԵֽС
ҲѸ߹ȥļСǡѺʮȹƻ롰ʲô̵ɴ۾
װˡֱ⡪һƪԴΪı棬ǰȫıĸӡرҳֽˡֱĹȱװһ
ôһ£ΪʲôҪ
ҲŲӽļзŻȥֶڹӺ档

ɭʲôأµΪʲôҪ⡪ҲЩҵ˼ˡֱ¹ʣָȥ췢ڈװ⡣ȻǼѾҵԱʧ᰸ˡ
ǿҵ˭𣿲˵Ǳֵļʲô
ôҲͲͨҲɴֱʹˣǾôᵼ²õĽ
΢һǸŮ˱ȽϺá˰֮ҲһۡصϣγڼԱҲҲȥͬһڿγ칫ǰ档
ϣºڲڳˡ˵֮ǰ㷺Ϣγѹñƽ͡һֱڿϷƺϳΪʿԾ
ڿԱעĿ֮£һӰӡֽġʿҳʱҳסĹԢҷƺ̻ҸзֽĻҽڱʶֽд֣Ծûиס
ֽĻҽҲ룬ʲôأűֱļңҳǷ飬û˵ʲôյӦ˵ûκοܳΪɱӼƻ֤ݡ
ô˵ֱԼյֽ
γ˵ֻҽʱܹʶƺֻABCӢĸӢĸûиףֱд
ABCҲҺ룺Ǹͼɱʱļƻ顣ֱϡִмƻ֮ǰ϶ԼյˡҲҧгݵ룬ûոɾһŶվͰһ㡣
ѧϡܱ档Ǻֱ֣Ƿݵġݡͺӵġӡ
Ҳоһ£亹ֱΣˡݡӦݵġݡӡǿӵġӡֶǼƻƵƵֵ֡
γ˵ĻҲȡһҲӢĸDҲ˵ABC֮󣬳Dи׵ˣ߸ҡ

йӣ֪ҡҲӴӣƵFMAMԭΪһ̨ڲţֻżҪĸ衣ϿأоԼ䵥ںڰ֮СΪûƵԵʡӹ˾ؼңϾƽˡ쿪أû
D˼ֵ˼ⶨɱӼƻʱõӢĸֻABCǻҽȴD֡룺ABCֱʿֱԼűôDǿ𣿵ܡǿӣˣŻᷢ֡ӡ֡
Ҳ룬ħǼ¡ֱó˿ħҪó˿ӦǼ׾ٵ£ȴѡֺõĽɫAֱʲôѾӹɣD֮һֱҲǼƻ֮ⶨһƻƻгABC֮⣬DֱܸҲDĴڡ
ֱļƻʲôأҲDֱҲDĴڣDӦúBC޹ءôAйҲ˼һD᲻ǴAɱأѵΪֱŲϧħѡA
ҲɦɦͷԼʲôͲһˡֱڼƻıɱʱҪԼԶ֣ǽDȥ졣ǾòỳDҲű첻ڳ֤װԼҪɱӣⱻ֪D¡
ˣΪֱԼDɱ
D˭أҲ˵ܱ֪Լֱ֮Ĺϵǡ
ҲӴˮˮˮ˷ĵģһԼ΢ھ䣬ӦȻҪԼ
ҪҵҲD𣿡ҲղʱҲ岻һ¡˭أ±ӣӿ⿴վ֮̾ǰҲɽ̾ҲѸ˼ǿнһҲԼپܻҡ֮ţɽ϶ЦݡǸҹǰš
̾ӿڴóʲôҲֹҼǵ㣬ɽ԰ɣôˣʲô𣿡
ûʲôģе㡣ڷ𣿡
㣬ҲݣȻƽԼӦò̾ݣԼȻʧȥ侲
ⷿӲҮоҲܳ㣬صǺܰ˼𣿡ɽ̾΢򿪿̨ĴŲشҹҲ
ġҲϰӡ
ͬУԼҲסխĳ⹫Ԣ
ˣôأ˾˸оº˽ۡ
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ҶΪ깬СһķˣɱˡҲ˵
ɽͷŲ˵Ҳ޿ܣ¾ͻ᰸
Ҳпܲ𣿡
Ҳáɽ˵һû취˵ʲô鷽滹಻ĵطҲŻˡ
ҵĵ飬Ҳʲôĵط𣿡
Ҳǲ㡣ɽװ׵ڴóһҺɫļ±ԸװģĶ򿪡һʮŵ£ݵҹ˾𣿡
ûҲ΢صͷһ£ܾôʣŲ¶š
ʵϹ£ҲǲŵĿγ֪ĩҪĶ԰ɣ൱ʱġ
Ҳʱ龭С
˾˾֮䣬֮ǰûɣΪʲôƫƫλȥأ
Ҳ룬ȻڵҡǰͻҲ̶˾ɹ뿪µĻԴûʵʳɼĹ˾˲ġϣԷоר豸ı۵
仰ҲԼУҲһɺԣɽӦûжǻԵ֤ݡ
ԭˣڼеķ밡Ŀ˵
ҵĲڳ֤𣿡Ҳʵ
ɽ˻֡ģֻʾҪȷϡ㲻Ҫﲻ
Ҳﲻ
˼˳һ£ʮһ磬ȥ
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ʮ¶ʮգʮһ֡ǰϣһ𣿡
ţǵġҲ̧ͷͦصػش˵ûвڳ֤Ҳòη
֪ˡվҿԽ𣿡
ԣȥɣ͸㡣
ɽصؽɫֽƬˡһЩûò⣬ǱǸ
ᣬ˵꣬ҲĿ̾ɽڴ򿪴֮ǰȻƵĻͷһ𣿡
ʲô£
֪ĩѪ͡
Ѫ𣿡Ҳ˵߻̾ҿӶﺢӵĸסҲɽ¶Ц깬С㻳е°ɡҺ޹ϸ𡣡
ǰıֽСƪе¡ɽַͷϣ¶һЦ㿴Ǿû취ˣǸҪʿ
Ľűʿҳ𣿱ֽûᵽ֡
ʵ˶ǺӵĸסΪѪͲϡ
Ҳͷһô˵Լĺ𡪡ѪͲأ
֮ǰ˵Ѫ͡
ɽǵļ⣬ҲҲͷ촽侲̬˵O͡
Oͣɽظһȷϣȷ𣿡
˾ҽûƭҵĻҲ˵
ɽֻһߵ¶ЦݣȻ󵭵˵깬СѪҲO͡űʿֱ˶A͡ӵѪB͡
B͡
ǵģҲˡ


9


ʮ¶ʮգ塣ɽ̾¸߹ŵĽϣĿĵݡ
Խķʽʬ壬ǸصĵӡΪôΪ첻ڳ֤صؽʬӴԶذ˵ɾ˵ͨˡ̯·ͼ˵Ժɫ۲ʱȦľ
ǣصĵҲǷвˡɽ⿿ڷҪӴ˵ľԽķʽʬ壬ԷҲûʲôشôٴεʿĲڳ֤ˣҲּ󡣡
Ψһпܵǵݵĩ
û˵ĩвڳ֤ɺޡҲ֤˼棬Ųܷ̰ɡ
ɽ֮ҪȥһˣȻΪڻĩɣҲѰ֪ؾЭ𣿡
ôࡣΪʬ˵£ȥѾֻʣǸˡ˵˵ĩһպݣ˲ˬ˵Ǹ˼棬оʲô¡ô˵ֻĳ֮㡣
õĳʿֱϼңֱʮ֮ǰסĸλڷŵϼҡ
˵Ǽɫë̺˧ˡҲû취ȫ񶨽˵
ǰǳ֮ջ񡣡
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ˡⲢʲôµĹֻǱˣ𣿡
ţԡɽ˵ǣô
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˭Ὣôã
Լĳôĩгɣ
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˽ǰùݣ̨ԱȷϵĩסΡùݷļ¼ĩĹûìܣؼĩҪ̨ߵ𴲡
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ô˵һҪȥĵطҲһ
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ڹ̨̨Ա˵ΪPRƷչʾҵĻҡ
ǽչʾһƷҹ˾ΪƷɽȫЩ豸кá߼ǡ˲ʱ¼ȫ֪Щʲô
ңԷˡһɫװʮӡݹƬϣдҵγ´ᡣɽȴ绰ʹ˵һֱĩһ
ΪMMعɣʹҼĩ£ڻ𣿡´忪żɽɽ
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ʮҲų극еҮ˵
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มô˵ͺĩʹҴææػù𣿡ѸоĩʲôȻʮ֮ʲôأ
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ڳվǰ˳⳵˾ʿֱϼסַĻܽ˾еػӦ
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һµ¥ΧǽɼһƺСͥԺˣƺӲݴ
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ֱļܽӵĸҲתˡ˵
Ҳ˵ֱûϼҿɻ𣿡
ǵģ⾮ܽӵõżҾǰ棬˵ֱǰһӻ¶
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ӣһɽľļӹơⶰ¥ˮǽѣʮϾɡиС⣬ͣžͳСͳãСоܲ
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ǰߣǰһȫ´שĽɽľļӹKKҲ⣬ͬڹ⾮ң⻧˼ҿ˵гɡĲĴ¥ԱߣȻһؽլԺдɽдۡɣӦһƺһƺɡô޷ʵƺ̾¶Խť

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ҽΪ˹⾮Լ̾˵ҽ㲢ʿҸ׺ͲǱ޸ҽ˵ʿƼҵһΣҽ㽫ֳʿϾͶҽˡ
Ͼ𣿡ɽ˵ò豭ŵ˲ζ
ҽھ֮ǰֱҡΪ뱻ʿߺӡʿһ֪ҽкӣʹĻǵҽ߻ع⾮ҡ
Ϊˣû𣿡
ɽݣһЦʱŮһ԰ɣ
ֱܽŮʿ԰ɣ
ǵģʱֵ÷зʿƼԿţߵݵҽؽֱʿƼҡҽû˵ҽܼǿ
ǵ󣬹⾮쳧ȴƵͶ·Ŀͷʱ಻ԡÿ춼ծӲ˵һжҪҽ㡣ҽʿƼõҲһӾùˡ
ɽ̾˿룺ԭˣҡ
֮ôأ
ҽȥûǿȥֱÿ¶ʱżҵҵҲŸ𲽣ûҡ
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ҽ֮ɽֱĻ⡣Ǹĺúӣе̫ˡҲҼ档ҼͱСĶӣԣֻܹ顣ɤţɽе˵ǳ
ֱʿƼҵĹ۸أɽʵ
ܺʿɽ˵ܽӲ̫Ը˵ǾǨŭضԻǺӵֱɧ޿ɱ˸
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ֻи£Ը͵˵֮Ҳ档ѧ֮󣬻æǹ
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ֻ΢æˡɽ˵Ǽһ̨ƽûõͳǾֱרõһ
ޣˣò죬·ϣһϾɽĳ̨ͣ
ǸǸɽ¶һЦʱҲǸ䵱ߡǸҲòˡ
һ԰۽ǡ



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1


ʮ³Ҳһֵĵطɭ档½ůҲǿˡ
ֵĵطָǣλҲʹõʵ¥󷽵Ĳֿ⡣
ѷѳĻеΪ󻮰;һֱδɵƷȫǵűͭ
Ҳ֮ԽΪ»֮ǰĵԴԭΪʽȶԵԴҲòˣڵһСʵҪõ
ֿĵƿţҲ˵˱һ
Ҳʶڲߡǹ棬ҲЩг
վڲֿڲ࣬ҲĽǶȿüұ߲Ŀλǰ顣
ǡǸʶ
װרûˡֱֱԴȥ¹뿪ֳڳ˯ֿС
涢ֱһֱעһҲ
Ҳǰ̤һ𡰿ꡱĽƺߵʲôһͷתȻ¶Ӿȵı顣
Ҳоõһţ첽ȥΪҲ˵һ¡ͣ½Ų
ķӦһɵܹȫ¡
ߵǰͷ
㣬Ҳ˵㵽Ҷ԰ɣ㵽״ʲô
һֵۣͷȻԼ˵Ҳ֪
װˣҲ˵ֶһ¡
µĽë˵֪ԈĹֵ⣬ҿдı档һ¡
ǹ촽΢΢Ȼ˵м¡
뾭ԣҲѸץסֱۣһ˲ӯյ衣Ҳû׵ʹͷСĲȡ
ĽʲôžصһװɫļС
ļУҲֱۣ
ſҡʹ˵
Ҳ²Ǳļеݰɣȥֱ¹صϡôҲ¶˰ɣ
̧ͷɴ۾Ҳһֱȥ
˵㵽ڵʲô֪ʲôҲԼץס˫磬ֱӽڸǽϡ
üͷ˵˵ˣ𶯴֡
ʵ˵Ҿͷſ㡣Ҳץסָʹļ㱻顣
ҧס촽ҲҡңԭӦû޸ߵ¶ġ
ߵҲ䣬ûӡ󡣻ǿ벻¶ߺ޵ı顣
Ųǵðɣǹ˶£ߵ¶Ǳ̨ɱҵԱ°ֱָָޣҲӼҳ֡ߵ¶ȷʵ֡
Ҳָ⡣ֱ۵ߣڵϵļСȻûȥѪͨͨ˫Уʼص
ԭǸҵԱŮѰ
¶ǱǺġ˵ԭӦùҸֵӣǺġ
һ£Ҳ⻰ʲô˼ȷʵһź¹ʣҲͬ㣬ⷢԭǸߵʧûйʧ
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ҳڰ칫ҵ˵꣬ݳеļС
Ҳӹҳǰ͵ǱļС
ҳ𣿡ʵ
ǵģʵ֮ǰֻ֪ҳڵʲôǺܺ棬ƽյĹ˿ȤʲôأηⱾļУһڵ¹ʡ
Ҳµ𣿡
ͷʵ˵ԭѾˣȻܽ¹ʣѾ޲ˡǷⱾļ֮Ҹı뷨µ鿴룬Ҳܱҳĺ⡣
⣿Ҳʣʲô˼
룬ҳ֪¶δޡŻὫΪϲҵ¹ʶɥңȽɵĲţ跨ضԴҡ
޷šҲƵƵҡͷǸҳΪʲôô¹ʣӦúǸ˺޹ϸŶԡ
йϵն˵Żܾ
ʲôЦҲôһ仰󣬺Ȼ뵽һ£ӹҲʲô΢ˡ
ι֮ԵңҲͳɤӦòΪɣѲΪҾҳһһۣܰɱ
ҳ֮ǰű˺ҳ԰ɣˡ
ֻҴ㻳𣿱ˡʱ̸ݺȫ޹ء˵鶼¹ʳϹϵƲҲ˵űо濪ļ޻ࡣ¹һϵҲûС
ΪϾ޷ҲţĬĬشͷƺֹʱְס۽ǡ޹أǡ
ûãСؿʼ˵޷¶΢оһ»ˡȻ˵ʧ֣ᵽʧҲпܷ
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ǹ°ͣ΢΢̧ͷҲ¶˵ݼӢӱҵԱںˡǶԣҵԱƷ
Ҳ¶ЦΪȷʵôΪ޴ӷϡë
Ƿˡ˵Դë
ףҲ˵һַƿɳµ
ҲоõҺû뵽ȴܸǿҲ֡ļлҡ
ȼķҲǼҸ¡
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ռ˾ϵȨ𣿡
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١˵־ʱ
ñˣڰ׷ѹ򡣡
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鲻ҪҪҲļС


2


ɽΪ֬ͷĻֻһСů¯Աɢ£ȴ˸еȡɽչ˫ۣȻû
ã°칫һ˴Ҵҵؿʼβ绰ͿͻǢ̵ôˣΪҲ֪˵˲ֻһ
ʿֱű˾ȿ˵һĪչΪûг־Ե֤ݡűĳƺʿƵʬһջ񣬵ǹؼű޷ָܹһ尸顣
깬ӵҲͬ״̬޷жɱɱԱɱʿƺű֮ΪԼӷѡɱûгκ֤۱顣
ڿӻУĺѪͲϣҲΪʵܺһ޹ءҲûܹȷԷ
ڿŮʱ飬ǵõһЩֵζϢĸͬѧڶϰ֪࣬Ѷ档ͬѧ֪ûиߴѧ£аĸɡ
ǸŮӡͬѧ˵
ЩҲòɽüͷǷε鵱֪ǿӵڣǹȥ
ӵһԼĪڣܹһ仰Ǻն
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ɽԼݲ裬˳óһ豭豭ߵȿǰȿڸչϵ绰ɽһ豭ǰȿڱлร˼͸Щƣ
һһʿĳ𣿡ɽһʣԭŲ豭ߵĹȿڣֱͣߵĶûпһֻۣҡһͷ
С˵꣬ˮ
ȻСɽҲһڡԣҲǷɡ
ǲǸ÷˵ˣ˿űĳʬӴ˵Ϊ˼ȽϺ
վݵ¡
ֽƬֲǺʱվݣ̫һ㣬Ҫࡡ
ץסݡ仰ɣ
ȻһġϣݣǾ̤ʵصһŬõĳɹǹ񡣡
Լ̤ܽʵء
ɽӹȿǰ뿪ʱһԱˡͷ˵ʵõϢˡ˵꣬ȿߣǵֱʵǸˡ
̤ʵصһŬƺ˳ɹ
ȿڿɽһЦȻ̾Ǽҵ
ڵСMMعܹ˾ԶԼʮӳ̡һҽվľߵСֻ꣬䣨ԼߣĿȡ
ֵطֱ𣿡
Ȼǹˡϰ˵ȥԶѵŹĿˣƺǵøεʹS˾ƵĸֱʳΪ⣬ǵԼҲȥһ鷢Ʊ֮£֮ǰȻֱʡ֪Ǻãԥ죬ŮȰ˵֮£硣
Ϣѩ̾һһֵ顣ȻЩϢɿŪֱʵ̣ŪʽŵΪԭӱʡлһڵĺЭðæһ׼ĴߵĵԱͣʵݡ
ôȿǰ
Ʒ϶һ¡ȷϹƱˣϸʮţʿֱʬ屻˷ֵĸ죬Ҳǰĵűϵǰһ졣
˵źͳأ
ͳˡԱż±˵ϰ˵̫ԷͣǸŷɣ
ŷɣʲô
ǣʵϵʱ˵ϰͶһŮΪϰڳ͡
ǣ𣿡
ϸŮ˵ǰ˵ңΪϰ嵱ʱڳͣԾŮ˵̫Ϳ棬Բ̫ǵöԷĳࡣ
ȴǵöԷǸŷɣɽ˵
ǵġ˵ԷŷɣᴩļпˣĽ۾Ҳֿʽûпֵطȴôϸġ
п˵ɫأȿʵ
ǻɫǳɫ򵭿ɫмɫ
ɽܾɫǵ䣬ļʵϾ̶ֳȡΪǸһСŮܹǵ׵ĻӦûǵøģ塣
ҪҪФ񻭿ǲǵöԷأ
˵Էһ㳤ࡣ
һ㳤ࣿ
˵仰˵ǲխԲ
˵ȿüͷ̫ǵ𣿡
źټԷĻϵó𣿡ش𣺡ϵó
ȿɦɦͷԱǸֻ˸ֱ𣿡
ɫīˮ
ƶӣ顱һֱʺɫīˮɱַȫǺϡ
ɫīˮƿ𣿡ȿȷϵ
ǵģƿ
ƿɽ˵


3


֣ͣ̾һı飬סһ̧ͷ
̨ǰʱˣǸ˺֪Ĵ״ܱ˵ɽڹ˾ֿĩȫˡ
ŮҲ˵ˣ
ţȫˡ˳ڸ¶ǱǺġǡĩ߰ı飬ȫΪ
ΪһҲûаɣ
ûʮ㡣ţ˱㡣ˡ˵ˣҲһΪ⡣
ˣ˵ʵǱļôˣ
ˡ̾һͽУȻ·
ǸɺܴҲһ˳Ĭãֻй׳Աܶȵһһ
ǣô죿һȺʵ
ûʲôʳ
ָĲǽ£ǽ¡ҪǼ𣿡
ޣ°潫ĿڳԹıСδκ˼⼸죬ȫڵ¶¹ʡȻûǱļУҪҲѡ룺֪ᷢ£Ӱӡһˡ
Ҳü£ʲôأĩĶԻ֮ȷʵоһжͽ͡
ɴˡѿ˵һ䡣
ָ𣿡
ţеˣ֪Լôܡ
Ŭˡ
һ鷳һ顣
ͷҼûаæҽ⳰Цˡ鸺鹫˾ڲ¹ʼάְȫİȫεȲţȷʵ˵˵Ǻջ
ɣҼ޸ɡ
桭
ҵѾ΢ˣ
ɱЩؿʱһһλ飬ȻҪӦม
š΢Цͷ
Ҫʲôʵ

ʱɣ
ǰƫͷԸ̫ࡣȥȾơ૵
˽⡣һץ˵˳Ȼ


4


Ҳ룬ʵ벻͸Űɭļеĸ롣ѣ̨¶ļСȥ귢Ļ¹صİȫεֽļ⡢оһεıȡҲ¹ʵĻֱĹ飬ԼʱֱװƷصݡ
ֱΪʲôѼֶأ벻͸
ʹڵ¹ʣֱҲҲر⡣뿪ˣܻˡ˵ǿθģҲȴ̫ӴֱĿΪֱرҪͻܵĻˣֻǴܵҲҵѡΪ̶ֳȵĻˣҪԼصسʹˣҲ֮ԹڻΪֱڵ顣
һ֮ŪǣֱʲôҲǡһʼƻıɱʱԼܡ༴Ҳ֮⣬ЭD
ôDǺηʥأΪʲôֱĴأ
Ҳ跨ҳDΪⶨıɱӼƻʱ顣
˵һҲ΢޷⣬Դֱ֮ûԼΪĿꡣ
ȻҲҲȫ䱸ҷҲóȻ֡Ȼ뵽ֱ󣬷ϾͼιĸֱʣӦú޲þɱԼ
ߡҲ˼D᲻ΪűҲ֪ݣһ֮죿жҲ֪Ըı뷨ΪûбҪɱ
ҲΪпܡôDɱֱʲôأ
Ƿͷء
Ҳ룬ٶȽĿƻļС֪𰸡
ⷢʱ˵׶νбҪĵ飬Ҳʽٳ
βԼʧȻģһ¹ʣϲİȫΣ׷ķʽδӷˮ͹оȫδһʼ϶ҵߵĲʧȫҵļĿ൱ǿӲָҵԱʧڻ˵ܼԵ
Ҳǵ֮ԼĲűҪ൱ϡγЩݳϯԲ߻Ҳ¡Բ۲ݱ䣬ûյΣ¼ͽˡ
ҲȷţΪʿȨƣ϶ø֮ǰøֹϵѹʿֱ֮Ե£ǶԸ׻ģҪ𡪡
Ҳ룬ζ΢鿴ɡţ¶Цû뵽ԼȻֵ¡ļУص̨ƿءڰУ䲻ظɭ

ϣҲΪ˼¹ʵˣ̵ȫһˣǳຮᡢĸ˶Ҳѯʣ¶ǵ¶ɵı顣
µʲôأڰ칫ǰڼƵĴͷŴҲ
еһ£ʱݻݻ𣿡
ȻţΪǹ涨ҲĴ֮ȫۿش
ܸܲҿأ
һõشȻǽߵĽǹóһļУǹҲǰش΢Ҳ
뿴˵
ҲлӹļУȻϴ򿪡ãеʧеݺֱļ޼
ʲô𣿡һֱҲһһ
Ҳ룺õĲʲô⡱ʲôʵȤ
иС⡣ļת˵Ҿõڼ̣ܶûأ
дĵڼԼڣǵһ⣬ӦûỨһҡ
ûǻ¡˵ΪֻҪԭˣȻǾúá
ûرŽ᰸أ
ͷǾ̫ҲͰˣҪ˱Թҿܲˡ
ⲢڱԹ
ǿ˵˰ɣҲǰĻ˵ͷдŲź֡Ȼñ󹾹İɣϾ¶Ѿҵߵʧ䶨ˡ
ҲͷȻԸߵһͷתһԡ
֪ˣлл㡣
Ҳļл߳ȫεİ칫ң.Ȼŵͬʱ룺ҺӽʵȨһ¾ǰǸŵطвԴ⣬ֲ˵ѱ첻ߵ塣
Ʋ²̸޴ӵ𡪡̬ϼ¹ʶ˷
ôһ̫۵ľٶҲ뿪ȫڵĽȥʱһӴ߳һӾҹҲüεɽ̾ƺʲôն񣬿һ
ҲСܲɽҲϷصͷ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ҳʵ
ǰҲûʲô¡
ҪҪȵأԶ̫úȵܿȾˡ
ɽ΢һ£Ȼ˵Ǿͷһ¡
Ҳ̾ǰλеĹ˾ڲ򳵴һƺС䡣Ļ˹ʱ֮ⲻ
ʲôأҲſڵԶȣһɽʵ
˼ѽʵûʲô˵ġ˵ȥ깬ǰһŮһȥ־磬ҽѯʵʱġ
ԭˡȻأҲڳϡ
һ֪
ɽһԽıƫͷζغŲôúȵĿȡŮ˵ӵӲɱ˵ֵ÷ǳ졣ǣɱ֮ǰ
ֺ̾һڿȡҲĲͼ뷨
侲̾ˬؽܿɱ
ˣӵôأӵĸ˭𣿡˵̽Ķ˵ʳԼ¡
̾Ϊĺ󾱡»Ѳ顣
ҲǡҲ˵ˡ
ţǵġɽ˵߱ˣѧʱ̥Ҳ˵ʱ̥ҽҽвٶ̥û취ٻˡ룬ΪԵʣû˼̥
มҲ룬µʡ
ֻɽ˵ʱµŮԹϵҡȫʱ˸мܲס
ĸΪ
ǣɽͷʲôƵ˵ǰвֵͬġ
ͬ飿
ǰ깬СΣ˵θʦĸ׵һҵŮУ԰Ѻ׵ӻҲסҪǣְǿԤڵġײֻӣ֧ѡⲻһС֡ŮвҪѸ£ֻöึһЩǮ¼ֵ̫̫ͥҳߡ깬С˳Ҳּܹͥɡ֮һҲûؼҡ̾˵Ҳһʱ벻÷Ϊȫ޷Ĺȥ׿ڸµ𣿡Ҳʡ
ɽæϵػ֡깬Сĸͬѧڶ˵ġ깬СҲûи¡
Ҳõ룬ԸΪܰĸļҳܻԺӰ졣
ôɽȹֽһԵͰҲˡллд
鷽棬͡
ţһᾡ˵꣬ɽվȻ뵽ʲôƵĻͷҲķ򣬡ˣǰһʧˡôȷϲڳ֤Ūﲻ˰ɣ
ȷﲻôҲӦǼʲôչ𣿡
ûУҲһĪչ
ǣɽһ£Ȼ˵һµ뷨ȷʿֱһй
รҲҲ˵𣿡
ѽͳˡɽעҲ˲һµǻˡôȤɣ
Ҳʱͷһڴͬʱоɽڹ۲ԼķӦɽĳֻԵɺ²ĿԣΪ޸ݣ̽Լ
Ȥ˵Ҳװƽ룬ôֵܻ治ɫԣ¡
ãһ˵̾ıǰȫһҲǰȥ


5


ɽ뿪MMعܲ磬̵˵Ϳȥ־ŮԱ̸ݡȿڵĸǣȻһɱ˵֤ݣ˵ǾԵ֤ʣɽҲͬС
һºûϣǰش
شʲô£
ʿֱѧʱڳشֱ칫г̱֪ǰѼ档
ش
ڳش̫йҵһ»磬ҪϡȽϷ㣿
ɽ΢һ£Ȼش𣺡ְٻ˾ǰ档Ϊ衣

ɽһŶְٻ˾ֽվšɽǰǳ̾ϸԴƣЦݡʲôɽָֽ˵
רõĽ¹Żˡ
µô
нˮ΢Ǯ
˵ֶ۵ĻˣҲڼ¥أ
ɽ߽УȴץסֱۡѾûʱˣس򡣡
ͶԷͷĵص㣬λ̫ǵ½ֵĿȵ꣬ڲλĿſڡ
浹ùëȻ˵һľߵݶˡ˵֮ǰиͬĸֱʡɵûпգøպڳҵȥ³
ǻǱ
ֱù͸ڸֱʣѾ϶Ǹ۾Ǽľߵġ
ǣ
šԷȷʵǺ˵˵˳ֵʱǼͰϰ˵㣬ҸֱʵĿʽҲͬûɫīˮҵصǡ

ӵѧ֡
ɽ̿סЦ˳ѧֵľߵ꣬Ҳ˻ȥֱʰɡ
Է˵Ŀˣ
˵һŰȫñˣΪһѧĦгѧ
ม
ȫñɽЦݡǹסȻԷûɫīˮ
뵽ʱһ߽ڣһɫζˡ˵ڵĶ˲ƺֱѡȥȻû
н¡˾ְͨʡֱϽԴоλⶰ¥ڡ
ʿǸҺʵˣҲࡣСҪʲôʱκԥطȥˡ
ǽ𾮶ֱۣ˴ѧͶͬһѧԺоҲڸڣԺܡ
ǺҲ𣿡ʵ
ǵġǱ˴˶æҲǾҺߵýڽڡ
ڣ
ǵġǾһȥѩҶԻѩеţҲܺáΪ˶Ǳ˴˵ĳ̶һȥҲ档ʵףҲԤҪһȥˣһμʱҲᵽ¡˵ͻȻźı顣˺ͺһȹĻʱ⡣
˵һμ棬ʿȥǰ𣿡ȷϵ
ǵġһϸڡ
ʱ̸ֻѩ𣿡
Ȼһ£ǼĿΪ
ǣǻѩ̸أɽʵ
ǺȷҪҵԤгȷ֮˵ͷβǿҳæ
𾮺ûдֱе֪ڹ˾ĵλʵϣӦûæѩڶŲ
ޣˡʲôƵĿ˵ʿڴסǴùݰɣʵϣд绰Ǽùݡ
绰úɽͬȵŮؿһۡ
أʵ
Ӧǣ΢ϷʮҰɡ֮Դ绰Ϊ˵һ֪Ԥг̡ʵӦ绰ңǵĻϣҴ绰ùݵĵ绰롣Ȼû绰ңҾʹˡңʮӦûùݡùݵȴ˵ûŻæûˡ
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ԭˡɽܾ޷ͻ£ûнһѯʽ𾮵ıҪ
ţʽ𾮶ֱкθ롣һʹüͷȻ󿪿˵ǼһȷʵܿεҲʹȻôһ룬͸˼ͬ飬ϾĴ

̾𾮸ٶȻصְٻ˾ɽûҪ衣ȻУƵƵֽ˵Ļ
ôһͷСĻ˵ɽһһ衣ȻɽֻӦޣšÿЦŷ»衣
绰Ǽ𣿡ʵ
šҺ¡һ죬δ̫ˡ
û绰㣬ʹ绰ҡֱ֪ԼΣҮ
ɽһۡ仰ɽȻԭˣ˵ûֱԤԼա
ǡ
ʼĪĸоӿѧʱǿԵʱ򣬾˼ȴͷҲ벻ζھͺ͵ʱľһģһ
Ǽ衣ֱ֪һᷢô
ôܣ֪Ļܡ
ֱͷ˼棬ȻоԼܻᱻԷɱ԰Ļý𾮴ֵ绰˵ͨˡý𾮴绰ֱʲôô
ɽĿת裬ʵûڿκζ齹꣬ʼ˼
ɽ˵ҿ˵Щֵ𣿡
㾡˵˵ֵ¡
ֱ֮绰᲻Ϊ첻ڳ֤أ
ɽЩŪϵĻ裬æ±ãȻʵ˵ʲô
ڳ֤Ǹʱе绰ĻºܳΪڳ֤С˵оַ
ֱΪʲôҪôɽ˵߾ٶȿõ
Ҳɱ˰
ǽȴ෴
ɽͷſС¿ʼЩüĿˡǻɡ
𣿡
ͺˡ
߳شվеɼˡɽһ洩Ⱥ·һ˵ֱⶨּƻôһʬľֱͬԭ˵ǶԷʬ壬ȴ벻ʹˣΪʲôҪԭƻأ
ڹԣûг벻һʼʹɱֱֻͬʹԭƻת
ԭˣʹ
ֱ׼ɱԷ壬ʵԼϹ塣
׼ʹֱ˵ʬĳҲߵйء
ȻûֱԼĳѾˣԾҪǲбĳˡ
仰һ˲䣬ĳɽиˡȥʱ¡ͻȻͣ½Ųе롣
ô𣿡һĵı顣
Ǹͳ
ͳ
ɽľļӹͳɽ˵ֱ
Ҳſ͡
ڲɢʱˡɽ˵
Ҳվ·мʱ˰ɣ
绰Ͽ죡
ɽó绰ͤײһڷӣɫ衣


6


ʮµĵһҲʿƼңΪҪȥƽļʽҲǰָĵص㣬Ȼűʱݳ֣ȴԸ
ҲһڰװڴԵĶԽҪݡԵҶȥӽլʱӴӶ¥Ĵ̽ͷ
Ҫ·¥ºȲҡ
áҲӦ
شʱо˴Կתͷһڷ˹ʿƼҶһ򳡡
ֵʿڷʳָ۾ǧСˣǺܺãҲҪʱֹ׷ʽиɻʽдǿҪԦҪӺͺܲ
˾𣿡
Һɳ֯ûô᲻ͬ㡣һȱô
ð
˽ݣ¶̨ĿһڷҡȻ׸סָʾŮӶݺ裬ƺЩĲҶָơ
ɳ֯СҲʵ
һɡĵʱ䡯Ӧû
żٶ
ǰ˵Ļġ˵꣬ڷҲһۣҲ¡ȷʵרζеĺˣڴǻҵ³
ҲǵԼڴҲ˵ʱŮӶ˺衣ӻʼҸ籾Ĳ豭ð硣
ҲŮӶӰʧٶȿ˵ǲǶʲôأ
ڷ豭Ʒһڲ裬Ȼ˵ֱ£˵Ĵĵ¡
Ǽ°ҲЩɳơ˰ȫ֮⣬ȥ˹ƿΡȫһˡ
ΪʲôᴫڷУ
רζ¸ҵġҪ㡣Ⱦ㣬ñ¡ֻһΣеڶΡ
ڷ¶ڹ۲ҲӦҲ룬ڳ˲ڷʿ͸۾ڿԼ
ҲҲ˵Ϊʲôܵ¹أȻ¹ʵֻҵԱʧΪҶִı飬׹˾ȡϢ˵̬ȡΪΪ˼Աϣû취ְӵٷʽ
ҲԵǿԼûзʿҲſںߡ
ڷ·ڳЦҲļţñһȻظҲһ仰Աϣÿշһ仰
ΪʲôأҲǼԱɣ
ڷǱȥȻĿת¶ֲ̨
û취૵ȸȽϺá
ʲôҲʡ
ڷٶȻȡ¹ʰҵԱʧҲԭǳֱϡ
ɣ
Ȼûȷе֤ݡȵ֤ݳ־Ϊʱˣרζ²ŻϽøֹϵѹʱҲĴߣæòɿڷ¶Ц
ΪʲôֱأҲʵ
Ϊ¹ʷ󣬳˷ǳֵ֤ˣҵԱҹѲӻ˵ˡǸ˵ԼҵʱҲ㷢ͬ¡ֱһС⣬ֹͣҵʱֱƺͻȻ˵ԼѣǲһСˡ·ʵ¹ʵʮСʱǰ
˲šҲҡҡͷǣ֤Ϊʲôûйأ
Ϊãڷһ˵Ǹȫα棬רζ´ҲΪҺȥǿҳİ칫ҡ
ҳİ칫ң
ΪʲôҪȥֱİ칫ң
ڿĹУǸ˹ҲܹעġֱҳҲȥѲӣƺҵԱʶˡΪ¹شǸҲøö˭˵źãȥϤ
ҳ֪¹ʵ𣿡
Ҳ룺ҳ֪Ļ˵ͨˡ
ڷɴؿ϶ֱ֪ҳרζʱ״ǳΪרζ¶ԣǸ˹¹ʣΪΪҵһֱרζ´ͷƶǸȫԶҲĹΪ˽糤ıȨֽڹν۵㡣
ʵ𣿡
Һôһ򡣡ڷ˵Ƿס֤˵ĿڡǸΪԼ˲ȴڱ棬Ը˳ӵǵָʾжΪҽ˱ĲšȻøֹϵѹ¹ΪҵԱҲ׷׵ص顣˵üˣҲһĹ
ڷһڻı飬˵ԼʱЧʣе⡣
ΪԵʣ΢ѹҵܱ֮ǻΪԱϣҲ
ҲԶԣֻóĬڷķӦνͣصͷ˵ֻҪǷϻһоϾͺˡѾܹ¹ʡ
Ļ覵ġ
飬Ǹʲôоչʾġ
³˹
ԣҲһûġ
ǶġҲ˵ʱϴӵڷıʱתΪ͡

һ죬ȴҲһһȣ˵ΪһװηĻӺ㳹װֱ֮ǰķ䣬˵ֽѾˡ
˿һͷˮĻҲϲֻ˴
˿ʱ򣬻˵ޣĳĳĳĻɣû취˵ֻĻôԻΪĻġӻ˻н˵
ôһ㷿˻ࡣüһ⣬벻ȥǷҲעǽϵĻ˵ԻȤ룺ֶʲôÿĵأ
ҵĿġⷽʽöԷѹȸСôһʲô£ҶȨ
΢ͱǿ׵Ҳ˵ԭˡ
ĸеŮȷʵʿŮ
ԥ֮һҲҴСľ޷ǵȷһ˿һͷˮĻֳɵɫҰɫٺɫɫĲ֣ɫм˵ʡÿɫвͬҲкκ⣬Ҳڻʲô˵ڻϸڵƶҲͬ⡣
⵽ڻʲôأҲ̲סӡ
áȷػش
̻֮ǰε꣬ԥСʱңһƤݴ¡ҲеǣСʱڣһҲûۡʺ仰Ҳû˵ҲĬĬԵڷεɳϡڼ䣬Ĳӵ£ǰڷ˵ݡ
¹ʲҵԱʧ˵ʱ֤ڳҲţҲڻǣֱ֪¹ʵࡣȻˣΪʲôµأ
Ҳе˼ֱΪʲô塣ǰݵУδͻĲ֡ǾʲôأҲ˼Сʱ
뿪ε꣬ķò͡ƺҲӳĵ꣬ԵһʱкһˡάӼ֮ҲҲкָӡλСģ
΢Цżѣʲôϵ
һҲһ涯棬һ˵ѧʱԹһЩѳԵĲˡ൱ģ޾һֱϲ˵ΪֹҲСؾԲĻΪ֪һôĻӵ̱
ˣеôˣͺҲȫҲˡ
á֮ƿ
ʲôôѹأ
ܶɣҳжҲкܶ˷ѽĲ֡ⲻǾļ⣬Լĸ룬Ҳѿڶ
˷ѽ⣿δ⽲̫˰ɡӼ˵ǸֻΥʿƼҰˡ֮⣬Ǹտӡ
ȻҮҲ¶Цһ˲Ȼ룺¹ʵ֤˵ֱİ칫ֱ֮Ϊʲôأ˵ֱ¶ҪΥʿƼңʱʹñֶβֱ·񣬲
Ҳ뵽ǰ֮޷ͻΪڻ
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Ҳعǰӵûʲôǲ˰ɡ
˵ҲߡȥݡҪҶվ첽ſڡ
ݡһ֪鱦꣬ȻҲ·ƤȣҪƷǴӸڵ鱦һڣ߽ڲһƵ곤˽̸˵ݳޣҲУֻǾ޴üĵϣкȤԣ
ӰѡҲԣл
ҲͿʱһĿչʾߡ֮Աȿ΢ȤΪ۸СʯͷҪһǧ򣿼ֱ
รҲͣĿ⡣Ϊչʾһ룬ɫĻꡢмʯڿӼпһģһҲһ۸񣬰ʮԲּλƷҵв󣬵Ҳһ
㷢ڿʲôͻȻ䣬ӽͷһҲղڿչʾУ˵Chaumet밡ô𣿡
ûʲôƷƽChaumet𣿡
ǰصʷƾõϵꡣҲ̫ϲˡ˵꣬չʾ񡣡ˣҰְȥʱ˵ȥChaumetһôƷζ
רζ㣿Ҳɤűˣ𣿡
İôˣ߰ɡҵѾûˡûаû

ӿҲعԢڳԷʱ˺ƣǾݳ˿Ϊ⡣
ллҡúܿġӱз̱˵ҲЩȵؿĲһԼл
˹ԢλҲлˡȻӵ
һ¡ӽס򿪳ŵҲֻĲӣԥظĴ˫ȱ
ǽĽ͡뿪ҲĴȻһЦװģУоõЩ룬ı顣
ǣҲ˵
ţ
Ҳ³ͷ˵ޣһ¡֪רζµѪ𣿡
ѪͣüͷΪʲôҪ£
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AB͡
´ν֮£ҿɲࡡӻһ˵꣬ż۶ȥ

Ҳصҹϴšһ˲䣬Ц˳ʵϣһ޷ѹֵЦӶӿͷ룺ʲôӾȻҲʿһȡԭӵĸǸͷӡ
ӣ֪Ϊʲô̥ˡ
룬Ҳѹ֡Ϊ˵ġôһܹõԴѡ˳ĻпܻʿƼҡҲ̾ǰ˵Ļ
ӵĸһֱ֧ѸŪɢӻ᲻͸Լվ෴Թأ
ǶĲȷʵ˴עǣҲתһ롣ǶĲͿӷֱABͺO͡ôһAͻB͵ĺӣҲĺӣ𣿶O;ƸҲˡӵѪB͡ҲЦ˳룺ʲôűֱAͣӴһʼͽųˡ
ǰˡôһ룬Ҳ־ÿЦ
ǡ
ֱͿ֮𣿾ҲǸһ㣬᲻Ҳ֪أ֪ĻͻֱͬǷʿƼҵĽӰ˳أΪҰӶʿƼҵĲƲʿƼҡ
֮⣬һ㡣ֱǡ͸һŮˣǸ˲ϵվ޷ܵ״ɣ
ϵǴ۸ӰҲڴϣ컨૵ûиеЦ⡣


7


ڷţ˰βŴƽϰߡڷƿţ顣̧ͷժϻ۾֪𣿡Եͳɤʵ
֪ˡڷ
ʲô
B͡
B͡ȷ𣿡
ʶıߣûд
˿αϣ۾ʹ˳Ĭڷվԭأһ仰Ҳ˵۾˵пҵĺӡ
ȷ˵ĺӡ԰ɣڷûٴ˵
۾صлֱ˵Ůһۡ
šûشεǵĺӰ
ԭ𣿡
кӵĻ˵ŮӣҲ㾡ܵչȸ߿ӣеĻϸҡ
Լ᲻Ҳȷרζµأ룬ǴȺȷѪǺ֮ٸ
ѪͲϵĻôأ
£ŴͺѪǺϵ˰ɡԣӦһע
ԭˣǻֶעŮˣѡɱ
˵û
¹Ȼһй𣿡
˵Ȼɵġֱһ죬ӿӿеֱ֪ȥ档٣£ʵˡȴţԼ޹ء˵һֱֱԼȥĿȵ
ڷԶܵȷ¡λ´泵վ¥ġVidroȷʵŮˡ
ݿ˵ֱ˵Ҫ̸֮¡Ҳ˵ֱ˵Ĺϵڷһۡûгֺйص°ɣ
ĿǰûУһ̫Chaumet롣ȻǸֽ𡣡
Ǹ¶ƣı顣û취֮鷳ѼϢҵ֪֡
У¹ʣĩ𣿡
šұ˵
ͺãǼһǸˣҶԽ鷳ˡţӻƣʾڷˡ


8


ɫ̳Ѭڵ컨ϡǹȿ³̡ڳ̣һƬϢĳĬ쳣ȡû߳ҡָӣߵߵߵ
ߴꡱĿ˵һۼȥ߽ҵǸղȥϴּ̾һ󡰺̾һǸȻػصԼλɽڹȿڵбǰԼָףָײ֪䳤˲٣һμָʲôʱأ
ϴ첽ĽŲɽ룺ˡ
ٿش򿪣˽ֱȿԣϵļϡҵɫëάˣͷÿһʿֱëǺϡ
ޣԱͬط
ʶλڷŵɽľļӹͳе飬¯õĻɽȷȿڿűͷȻ΢΢̧ͷɽһЦιһֻı鰡
ǹظеˣϹèӵĸоˬɽҲЦԶԡ
˰ڰ壬ȿվںڰǰ棬д´桢š΢ճȻһ£һ˵ֱڴͶдʿƺű
ڵĿǣʿͬﹲıɱĳˡ׼ͳ켸ȻĲڳ֤Ҳ˵Ǽƻеһ
ĳλ̾ʣȿԻش
ŵͳܹ͵𣿡
ǵԶԼȥԿ׺鷳˿ȽԿ׹̶ںոϡֻҪ֪ԭί˾ûˡ
ȻֱӦҲ֪¡
ȿڽ˵ⶨּƻˣʵֱ⵽Ѱɡ˳ֱԼⶨļƻʬӴ˵ãƻɽΪ˵
ȿ֮ɽվ˻һܣȻ󿪿˵ʿֱ൱ķ쵱֮ǰĲڳ֤룬ùָ䣬ҲΪ˼̨Աӡ󡣴⣬ڵʮ绰䡣仰˵ֱ㵽ʮ֮ʲô֮ɱ˭ٽǾʬ˵ĳطԤʬģͳڴˣǼʿƽʬ˵һصΪA㣬Ȼٴ𳵻ش档һ棬ʬA˵B㡪˳ǺľȻ۷һʬӺľ˵
һűȿڲ
ɽͷǽȴʿ˶֣ʬ屻ӦΪ
ɱʿƵˣгű֮һ˭ûʲôأ̾ʵ
źĿǰ˵ҲĽ׶Σ֤󡣡˵꣬ɽڰ塣ҲȷһAӹʬ֮ǰĲڳ֤Ҳ˵һӦھA㲻ԶAʿֱ㵽ʮ֮䣬ʬصùݡҲ˵Ӿ˼ݡ
ɽɵġΪĩ¡ʵϣҪɱ桢֮䣬ĸСʱʵ԰쵽һ㣬ɽΪֱԼڼƻʱǷѹʱˡȿڲһֻǵڡ
˵ݸ˺ܿɰ
ɽʵĠ̾ǽܵصͷȻʣɱֱˣû취ַ𣿡
Ŀǰû취ɽ
ûпܾ깬أǶԹȿڷʵġ
˵ȿŻش𣬡ΪǸŮ˵˾١ҲţŮ˵첻
˵ͷ
ʱȿվȻ󻷹˻˵ɽղ˵һǷȷӦб˼ĿԡλڷŵɽľļӹͳʬȴǲʵҿڰҹСôʬô뿪أǿضأȵϴأͨأ룬֣Ӧܲʲô
ɽ룺ԭˣǸ⡣ĩôأǸ˱ݡҡˣй̨Աߵ𴲡
⳵𡪡һ˲䣬ɽ˷ųվǰ龰


9


һֻеͲԲͲӵھһ׶ʮ΢ףԲ⾶һʮ΢ס֣ҵҲ޷װ쵽ӲȥһͻῨסȫáȻ³˹ȴװ쵽װָĴϢչˮַҵͣ״̬³˹ˡ
㿴ȻġҲ̧ͷʵļҳķ粻ĻˣصͷȻǰڷ˵Ļе⣬ǶĹ
Ҳʵʱ˴ſ߽ͬԼһ˾Ҳġ
˵ʲôӵҲԣҲǣѧȻߣȴȱоˡԴǰ˻֮һֻػͥ
йֱ¹ʵ¡Ҳһ˵ɫʱƺԸ⡣Ǿ߻˵ĳ㸺İɣ
ǡ¶
¹ʷ󣬸Ѷ˷ԭɣ
ǵģǰȫΡĩҲʱ°ɣ
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ң¶ı飬ûУûҹȥ
ม
ֱ֮ԲָΪʧ֪ʵֱӦûһΪʲôᷢʧ
¹ʷǸôˣȻʹ𣿡
Ǿɳֱ֮ûˣǸֱֻϡ
ô˵¹ʷûҪ͵͵ͬ͵Ļ˽и
㵽ΪʲôҪأҲǸȻ⡣
ûʲôԻ˴ֺһ顣ûʲô˵ġҲл
Ҳ˻һ˼ı飬Ҳ˵ˣ¹ʷһӣʿҳҹҡ
ҳȥҹ㣿Ϊ¹ʵ𣿡
ǣһ˵Ի˴ֺ顣
ʲô
ûʲô˵ģҵҵԱеĻһֹͣ˹ݻֱʱ᲻˹ļ˼ºܼܲҵԱıȫ衣һشװļӦÿԡĿǰĻûаװֶ
Ҳ룬ֵⰡΪʲôֱ֪أ
ҲУ᲻˼ʲôֹ¹ʷķأ˵꣬һ²³˹Ļȥ
ֵⰡȵӰʧ֮ҲȻ¡ֱж˰˼֮ҧĴָָף㡣
ֱڼƻıɱʱҲ֮⣬ùDҲDʵݡֱֱ֪¼ࡣ֤˵ĴڣֱƽΥʱΪʲôЭأ
ֱΪʲôµ¹ʵأ󡪡
ᵽ˹Ҳ۾սȭͷܾʲôըˡ붼û뷨Сˣôһ룬еŶ⿪


10


ڷɤӣ촽ղ̾ҹˡ
̧ͷеĸֱʣһϴơ
ȷֱһĲڳ֤һȥ˺صĹ
Ϻһ԰ɣ
ǵģ̾һвڳ֤ҲûáĿǡΪɱ˷Ͱʬǲͬˡ
ߣòƵ̺УЩһҲʾ֭
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ڷԼ̣һʱ˵ڷȷ³̺󣬲ſ˵һҪ¡
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Ҳã֪ش
֪Ļ˵Ϊ깬ǸµŮˡ
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˼ǣֱɱȻʬ壿
룬˳йǸ˽ıɱ깬ӵļƻʩʹֱ˱ߡ
Ҫֹڷ˵ȥغ̻ͦҸϨôô£
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ˡ˵ǵ취СΪʿƼҵ˺ɱ˼ƻϹϵMMعʿƼǧŽ
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̾Ϊʹ÷ŵĳˣǵǸˡôһĩɡ
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ţǰҲáǺӽһ꼶ǰһӸһ棬ͦεġڷ˵ȥ׼á


11


˫ֱͷһԣ潫ִϣ֮Դ죬ΪʹԵʡȣֱҪˮˮ
ûϵɵı˵Ҳа
һҲûиıơ΢ƶ壬ϡŵĻζӦøղų裬бҵ֮һֱеΪ飬ζƤ֮С
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ǸͷƿЦˡ
ҲŲЦء˵ҴӼϿ龭תûˣϡ
뿪ͷֱסԼͷȻͷץ߰㡣
ǸһΡ
ٵǸˡıȻ󻺻ۡ
극֮ϱݣ̧ͷһۡ
ˡУ˵ˣԲ𡣡
潫ϿǡܾҪһģ͸֮³Ҳáش𣺡ð
ɺֹͣ˺𣿡
ͷ
ȻǶԵ³ȴ˵һ˳Ϊ½֮ɵһֱӲ˱ľСɵ鷿˽ʹˣԴίҲ޷Խ״̬һᣬָɵһС޻ǰʱЩӦɺҲڴϾͻָԭ״һˣԿڰ档
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ม
ǻһʱ䡣Ҿ֮ǰ㡣ɵֱۻĲӺͼţ۾


12


ʮ㣬ɽڷšΪӻָ֪ͨʮһʮһϣҲʿֱĸϣг˿ʹӷųվ⳵ݡǼҳ⳵˾Ƿᱱͨɽڰ칫ȴг˿͵˾˵˾ǰ뵺
ǵ𣿱Ͼǽһǰˡý쵽Բů¯Ϸһ㷲ı顣
ֻˡһе˼ٿˣСʮֵڴ
ǰҲˡ˵꣬ʵӷųվݡĩ𣿡
ûˡ
̹˵ɽưؼ⳵˾ˡΪɽľļӹͳʬ壬Ϊֹеû˳֮ĵһֱڡرֱɱֱ˭أɽµʿĲڳ֤һҪǣӦýʿķΧ㶼޴ƶϡ
˵ȫڵ鷶Χ⡪ʿһӵĹϵͬˮ깬ӻСֱ֮˵ʲôδ
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ˡô˵ֽмڴ裬ÿ˾ǿذ칫ҵţ紵űߡ
ʮˣ⴩װӦû䣬ʱòǿɡɽŹűã¶ЦԼϴߵĴ¡
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ме⡣ɽ˵ֽ׶ε뷨˹ıɱֱʬ塣űͬϵĽǷɱһͬأôһ˾п׼֦ιĸֱʣֱĵϡֻűһˡ
ôһ˵п˵ƿɫīˮ԰ɣ˵ǵһҵֱ֦ʣӡ󡣡
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ǰҵԱĻ˵ܽȴĲֿ⣬óء
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13


ҲʱͣڹԢǰʱӾһѽҶһ潫ŷſɷ̤壬һôˣ
ֵطȻ˺ۣҶûע⵽
ޣͷסƽͷסһͷͻ¶
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Ϊ˴ﵽĿ꣬ҲϧɱˡҲӵ촽˱ʱݡƶʻҲӻ֣վԭֱӰΪֹǺûлؼңǰԼͣȻMR II棬ϸղűʱʧ·

һִԱûˡӣлɡ˻Ӧһ˿ҵ´һԵĲ輸Ϸһɫŷ⣻дţǸɡشŷ⣬дֵֽһź󲻾ãؿʼ޺
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ҪҪҲָһԵӡ
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ʱĿ⡣ôҲ˵ţû

Ͻ··ʱˮͣ룬øϿСϣһʽճɱ¶
еһ仰仰ױ

һֱϲ㡣ܾǰҾϲˡҽ˾¶Ⱥϼ֮ҵһһػˡΪ׹֮Խҹ˾ҲΪ԰ɡ޴ȴûз£һ˻ϲءҾȻԼ㡣֮ҲһС¶׿˵ģ˵顣

Ҳؼǵõʱ¡ʱֵʱ⡣ˣ¶֮ǰδıҾ顣

Һ¶һɡҲ֪Һҹ࣬ȫԶĹÿһֻԻˡݹֱ˸ɵġȻҺϣšǾҵõϢϼֻ롣Ǹߵɻ顣˵¶õʹҲȷܹ˹ʲôҲòעüͲ֪ʱ޵ĻΪҿʼ룺¶á

뿪ݣһ⳵˾ȥMMع⳵˾ûлӦǰ
һҪϡ

֮ɱֻǻּʡ̹˵ûԼʱľǷÿֻԻ˵ˣ˭أҾλߣɱ¶

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