

޾֮ҹ

1

绰ʱ򣬺ӻڴϡӣŵԹ̨մ֮ǰŷ»ʱġ
شһӣ·ͻȻعƵĴӴ
˯߳䣬ΪѪԵʣдͲǱĴ泩
ιáӵЩ˻ơ
á𣿡
ԷѯʵЩȴڳӿĲϣж˳
绰ǴӴġ
ǵġ
̫̫𣿡
ǵġ
Ļش𣬶Էƺԥһ£ֵ֮һº
Ǵ澯𡣡
ͲﴫԷѹŸ

ɷһõˣҹˡ

ܵĻϣܵһˡι̫̫˵𣿡

2

ͨ绰Сʱ󣬺¸߶šÿ¸ߣѡϯֻΪ³ѬˣմȾϵζҲܡ
ԼʱˮæӰͳڲһЩһǰϲһַˮ
˳ͳױһԼױݣ̾´泵վţӲǿԼۡ
Ϲ
͸ӳķ羰кһǵɫ԰ıϣֳһӡ

һǰģ顣ʱһȵĳʱװ¥ϰࡣӪĴһ壬Լʮͷѵ˲
ûã˱ڶһҵĹԢÿһ֮󣬺Ӿͻᵽӻǰһְֱʽ÷ѧУȥĽʦϰʱһţ˶ȥȥĻģٲǹ֡Щѣѧͬѧְʱͬ¡סĵط඼붼ĽԶͬȫĽӡ
ǡһǰʼЩ仯ƽٺȾƵһĳͻȻȵػؼˡôֻ࣬ش˵Ϊף
ף
šʹһ£ͰѴĵȫȨίиˡ
ĵ꣬Ǵķֹ˾׼ڰӪҵƺƹǱߵľӪ
Ǽҵ겻ɺ羭Ӫ𡭡
һĶ硣
øˣ˵ҷֳһ¡˵ǱעҵǱѧЩ
һ˷ܲѡ֮ǰһֱڸ֣лţСԣԼ⵱ȻĲѡ
Ȼȴԡ
òײ˴֮ĶұʾסĵطȥطҲνˣֻҪϵöҲˡµѾ뿪ˡ
οǴ档
ǵطûӡؽϣʣûƷζǵطֻӡ󣬶ҹǻҲᡣᵽȥĻÿ춼ú˵ֻ˴򽻵ˡǵطȻľ
ȥƵɡ
ӿɷ򣬡ֺαطҪʲôӪߣҲͦģ㻹Ƶɡҿɲ뵽ȥ
һһĲͷ
˵ҿһֱΪһŬİûµģҲܿͻϰߵġҪǱ߸ɼĻ֮ܰתˣ»ضġ
ȴϴӦ˵һȥĻԼһȥˡһȻðɡ
Ҿһȥ
һ仰һ㵱濪ʼ׼ڴˡ
ӵЩŮѶʾͬ顣
ţ氡ǵȷеûӰ
ŮӴѧʱ˵׹ԢҲףһͲ΢ʱƵ£˵ʲôʱ򻹻ڶ·ֵİ
ȻȴҲӵְʱͬɼ;˵־ӶǼ¡
Ϊڷȥ֮ܶȸŹȥ֮˵ضˣ˶ʱġ
Ҳɼ͵ĻеĳֽǶԼҲͦԵġʵˡ
Ҿǲϲ桭
Ӱյԣ

´泵վվڳվڣֻһɫԼӷɫڣоЩͷʮӡ
ԳǴ渮̾з
ѱ˳
˵ţԼ֣˼ƺҪ䡣ҡͷܾ˶Է̾Ҳûм֡
׼õĳɫʹڡԭΪ⳵˿
ȥҽԺȷһ¡
ӿ֮̾˵
ȷϣ
ʹ֮󣬺Ӳ׹ҪԼȥʬ塣
ɷ򣬡
̾Դԥ˵Է־𣿡
ǵġΪԵʡӵͷش
𣿡̾˵ͷ
ȥֻ·ĳھɳۡ˵ĳóȻ࣬Ῠ֮óȴ٣ʵƺҲȷˡ೵ܻӲǰֻһ϶ҲҪȲȥ
ͦİ
̾ͻȻ˵
ӳѯ
˵ˮԷ˵
Ŷ
ӰĿתԼļͷԼĨ̫˵ɡ
ҽԺȷʬһҲûϸſֻһۣͷŤһԡˣ֮ģɷӡ
ҽԺϢһ󣬺뵽ɱֳȥֳλիߵһĵһ¥Σ¥Ьӣ²ǾƷꡣ
ǰֻһΣΪʱݼգȫ޷׼ȷؼ
һ¥ĺһﱻɱġ

ָŵϵİߺۼɷʱ͵泯ϣؿϲˮʱƽڵϡ
̾˵һϵİ߱ʾʬƶڵϡ֮ǰӴûпֳҲܸоֳ״ƺЩ̫ȻȻˣ̾˵ĻҲ
ƽڵϵ״ϣǷ鵽ʲôأ
ӵѯʣ̾ҡҡͷ
ʲôҲû鵽ֻǸоЩְˡ
Ӻص˵ͷٴŰɫߡ
ϢԵԱһμɷǰҹ
ֲ˵ʬһλɭԵŮԱ˵ڽʱϰʱֵġ
ǣǷʲôʱɱģ
ѾˣҲǺ׼ȷش𣬡ʱƶӦߵ㵽ŵ֮ġ
Ϊ壬öԷúϸ
֪ͦϸġ
ҽѧͦ
΢΢һЦ·ڿ佱Ƶģ̰֮ʡ
ˣ̫̫һκɷ̸ʲôʱ򣿡
룬ش
ǵӦǰϰɣʱɷ绰ʲô𣿡
ʱλ̸ЩʲôأĻϣܸҡ
Ҳû̸ʲôʱ˵ڶϢҵ
ԼǵʱǿЩޣͬʱִһ˿ƣ
㵽һ˰ɣϢҴڴ䡣
ðȥ۽硣
˵ֻѵϢһ졣

̫̫ʱôشأ
ٴʵ
ʱһش˵ȥ
Ŷ̾һ죬Ϊʲôأ

ӱտڲĿͶ棬֪ڶԼǡ
һ·¶һ̧ͷ
Ҳϲط
һ˲䣬ͷ·סһޱ飬ֻ֮һЦı顣
ԭˡ˵𰸵ͦ˵ġ
ǱǸ
΢΢ͷ
ҲòŵǸԼҲвϲĵطȷ˵ĵط
ƺԻһա
󣬷ָӽһйֳ״¡ӱģϱߵָѾøɾֳûκδ򶷹ĺۼЩʱ֣صþ͸СѧʦƵġ
ûʲôƷʧԡΪϢҲͲʲôӪҵ֮˵
ѯ˵һɱһǷʲô²⡣ӻش˵ûСܻʲô²⣿
𣿡
Ȼȴδֳ̫ʧ
߳ţǽôˡ
֮ܶҾסһҹ΢ɡ
˵
׼ɷĹԢȥҹȥɡ
һڹһ䵥乫Ԣ±߻ܿһССĹ԰
ҡҡͷͲȥˡ΢ƽһ֮һȥʰġ
Ŷ
̾ƺЩ˵ȴֻǵ˵ͷ˵˾䡰𡱡
׼סù𣿡
ǵģһûԤ䡭ܵĻϣһԿ־ĵط
Ļҵ֪ĵط
˵귬ǰӽ
ѺӴһһĵֻҵİɫ¥һ뺽չ˾ùݣǱƺҲһҡ
̾ڶ¥ǰ̨Ӷ˷䣬Ǽλڶʮĵ˼䡣
˵ǻæЭ顣
ٱ֮ʱͷ˵΢Ӧһ䡣
ҹڶʮ¥ĴԣŴĽ־ǰߣаСĳڳϣʻ
һˡ
¸һʵЩ΢ĸо֮УǶȱһʵڸС
һ˸ɱˡﲻͣĬ仰һеĸоͷ·ǰʹһ㣬ԻоһЩ
طҲͦġ
ӵĶϺȻһڴֵ꿪ʼӪҵһº˵Ļ
ʲôõģ
իŵҹӳ˵оһһԣԼסĻоڶȹһԶҹһ
аɱġ
ֱֵ˭Ӿⶼǲɷϵʵ

3

峿绰ϣ绰Ƿġ
˯û𣿡
һ˵̫ãҲ֮˸˶ȣҲǡ
绰Ŀģƺһ𹲽͡ӴӦԼڶ¥ȵ档
¥ֻȵһ߿ܿߺſȵšӵӰæܿվ˸
Ǹƣ֮ʱ
̾Ǹ˵˾䡰ûʲô߽Եߵ˱̲裬Ҳ֪ԼóԵ㶫ȴܾʳʡ
ʵǵõһйɷǼҵ鱨
̾˵յľӪ״ǺܺáͷƺҲĿûи壬ӪҵҲһֱƿ֮Уʵ˵״˵ÿ¡
ı飬·˽Լĵ꾭Ӫһ
֮ǰûɷ˵£
ʼ磬ش
֪һЩⷽȴû׿˵
̾ͷ
ĿǰĵչδʲôǮ鷳ֻⷽʲôϢĻ֪
ûС
Сش𣬡ɷٸṤϵ¡
ǵҲǣһ㶼ġ
̾Ļоڰοһ
߶̲衣һڣӻһǰһ֮Ƿ̸һ˴һҾƷңһֱܶԴ¥ΪλľӪ
ԸºͣĳЩȴΪϸ
һĵ꣬ĿǰӪ״ƺЩ
ĳһ죬һѺӽеĿȵԲ˵
ȻʽԸӯѵĻҲʱһѵġûи˵Щʲô
ʲôû˵
֮ǰһֱǺһµģȻһŻҲеŲ¡ǼһڼʱЩϡͿġڴǿʳĵطֶܹã˵ҲǸ顣
˵ȻģһʼͲȥߣְ˻ȥλ෽涼Ƿж
ҺͺÿڣӦûµĻ͸˵̫ǿ¿˵
֪ˡ
ˣӻûȥǱߵİɣΪ̫æ޷𣿡
ԡƻٹһӡ
𣿲ûǾȥɣǼһԸ񣬺׸оįŶ
˵ţһ΢΢ЦЦ
Ҳø̫͸Ƶġ
֮ǰһ̸֮̾˿Լԣɲȥʲôֵ꣬Ҳϣһһֱһ¡һҲûҪȥֱˡ
ˣмȻЩԿڣһǵһ
˵Żع
һŮ֮ĹϵǷ˽⣿
ŮԵĹϵ
ظһԷ⡣ĻоЩȻʹûⷽ⡣
Ҿʹûⷽ⡣
ҡͷش̾һҡҡͷ
ôʵҲɶݡֻΪǷط־ӣԾǷֿܡֻϹ°ˡ⡣
˵꣬һѾĿȡ
ʣҪʵĻЩ𣿡
꣬ɫ
ʵƽ컹õһʱ䡣
һ죿
ǵġ׼ɷǰȥĵطܺһͬǰĻǴа
Ŷ
һ֮ǰڴľȷʵŪһ㡣з̾ӡҲ
õġ
¶˵ıҵ˾һ۽϶ơ
һСʱ󣬰ķŵķŴ˹̾˲߳ùݡߵĳѾʼ࣬ȹĺ̵ƣ˺ᴩ·
Ųרõիߡǹգ·ȴӵþ͸صĵ糵һ·ԵҲвٵĵ̣ɻȲЩ﾿ʲôȺͻǰϡ
ǰѺӴһϸɫǰ
¥̾˵ɷǰʱᵽ
Ӹ̾˵Ҳ¥ûʲôϡġ
̾Цһ¡
϶¥Žµիߡ
һ㣿ʵ
ȫӻشĵ㶼ᡣǴԽǮǿִ
̾ƺ˵Щʲôȴֻǵ˵ͷ˵˾䡰ԭˡ
߳¥ٴի¡Ⱥӵ˸оҴ·ٶȻó棬ʲô׷һǵĲӾͲȥΧˡ
ĴǻҲͬڶǰŮӸղſʼһֱߴߴ˵ͣӾԻķ֮һٷɿ죬仹Ц
ںӸоҪϢʱһԿЩĵطǰһţŶ滹·
ǵپ򡣡̾˵
ֻ˱ɣȥԵΣ˵ɷǰмʱ˵ĵꡣ
ȻûʲôʳӻǸȥˡ֮ܶѾȥˡ
˵پգһ޴зģͱԾǼзơͨзŲͣӣúֲ˼ĸоע⣬ȴ˸о죬ܸоЩ֪ĵָоεذĿתһԡ
˵ǼҵڲԶſھֻССĻעⲻ߽˸һ档֮ǰѵеһԣһйһϢҲǵһ
Ŷ˵ÿ춼ġ˵ȫûıء
һ㶼Ƕһ˹𣿡̾ʡ
ǰ϶һ
ǷʲôԾĵطأ
ӦûаɡƺЩûɵġоʲôƵġ
汧Ǹ㹤ʱ㡣
յǸԱ
˵֭ɫŨֻó͵ζ𣿡
˿֮̾ʺӡ
ӻش𣬡Һٳⶫ
ӶоԼĻشܲò͵̾һֻۣ̾ƺ⣬ں
뿪⽵꣬ǰ·ǰȥ·Ͼһҹšƣſڷֳ̫żĵꡣżƺҲǵ綯ģֻ»ûͨ硣Ҳозģʱָ顣
󣬷ִźڸһȦ·һΪµľԺȥ˿Ժǰϣżλ˵Ƭһ֣ȫЩӼûҲûİ֡
߽ȹЪĹ򣬺ʷôкĿġʵǸ㲻ףԷΪʲôҪԼĴй䡣
˵ѲҪ𣿡
̾ıҲ֪ǿЦĻġ
Ҹ㲻סѵҹҲѲҪ
¾ֽȥɡ
ʼղ˵ôĿġ
߳ȹݣֱߵ¸輿˳߱ϡϣһյС̯
Ǵزɣ
ˡ
ô˵һԵ
ӲѺק̯ǰϣһݡ
ĿζڱĵطǳŶǴСϰζⱲӶˡ
ŵݵǰգٳٲֲ֡˼ĸоһǣĻ꣬Щĸоӿͷ
ֱҲûһڡ֮󷬳ߴߡ

4

˰ɣ
ڵپŵʵӻش˵һ㡣
ͦ࣬·ȴоͦխİɣܻһָӵĸо
ӵ˵ͷ֮µĺˮ
ڴ˼ꣿ
µ˵һŤͷ˿̾ıƽ
һʱİɣ
Ϊʲô
ʣΪʲô֪ǰɣһۿʱҾ͸оˡɢһζҶԼŵġ
˵ţ̾ʳָ˵Լıӡ
ַˣĿͶԶ
һֱСѧʱ򡣡
˵ҸǰǸ㽨ġȻһֱں͸ɽǱߣ˵һ⣬ͰᵽˡʱҲʱҵ⸽
Ǽҵأ
̾ôһʣЦ
տʼʱ򻹲Щͬҵ𽥼۸ñǼҸͣҲǼҿ졣ȻҲŬûǿ⡣ʼվúƣΪôˣʵЩ˼顣
Ǽ۸Ļ϶ҪġӼǵø׵ʱȵȴͣ߶⻰
Ǽծ̨ĸȰװѵˣһغ͸ɽȥȴϣ˵һս൱ʱŸոշ۵ͽģǵʱĴǶ϶ܴ׬һʡõ˽ЩǮ
ӻϡǵõʱ¡˵õǮתʽĸ׷񷴶ԡĸ׵ʱӳó˵ԼĲϡ
ϹˣһȰɡҪǲĻҾ㿴
׳գⶫ׬Ǯİ
״ĸ˵ĸϣޡ
׵һʧܸˡͽȱݣҲˡȻҲ˵С
Ӷһ£˿ĭҸϵɱˡ
ʲôҲû˵ĿضĲԷһֱĬﰵҡ
ĸ׿÷Ҹĸܶ˵ǸµĳСĻ˾ͻʲôһò
ŶԴеǰɣ
Դѯʡӻ۾ػش˵ǡ
ԭô°
̾·ڿʲô۵Ķһ۾ְ֮תˣڴסȴ˵档Ҿ;Щƣ߶һ죬̽⾿ôһ¡ڴߣܸ﾿ôˡԭΪ֮ǰô°
˵꣬ٴתźӱߣȴϲ档ȻˣȷǱŲٵΪԵʣҲѿ˴ĸаȴҲΩҵŵ㡣Ȼֻҵһ²⣬룬ɷӦҲǿŵ˰ɡѵ𣿡
һ˵һźϾ޴Ĺ޺ƣǵʱҲûʲô˼ֻǰѹ˵ѡֵı־ǽ϶ѡҪö˿Ļ˵̫ܵȷЩҲѾܳ֡⣬Ǵ˵·
̾
ٴεͷһµĺӣ˷һ
ʲô£
̾ʵΪ
ҡ
Ӱת򷬳ȵ
ҡҡɱ˵ġ
Ӹоƺʲôӿͷֽ֮ȥӿ죬Ҳ
Ȼ̾ıȴû˿ı仯ϴŰ΢Цһֱоڵƽһ
š
Ƿĵһ仰˵֮ǵЦûиı䡣
Ȼ֪˰
ӵº˵ʵ˵ھվЩվˡ
ҵҲȷš
̾˵Źһ죬ҲԼ뷨ˡ
ӵ˵ͷȻ֪Լµгᱩ¶ǰ̾𱾰Ҳһ־ꡣ
ʵǰ쵽ǰҹɷҴ绰ʱҾ;Ҫˡ
ͦ𣿿ˣ
ҲǱεġ
ʱͨ绰ȷʵܾ
ô˵ѵϢһ졣
ˣ
ɲɡʵѹԢķ֤
֤Ϊʲô
еȷһ¡µȼ֮˵ɡ
֮һҶ˵绰֮£ֻڵڶİ˴һˡ
֮˾ڵ棿
̾ʡӻ˵ͷ
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ٴΰĿת˺档޺Ƶĵƹ⣬ϲԣһӣʵĲ֮ϡ
㵹ǿó
һĻһ˿ȴĵĸо
Ҫ𣿡
ʵһҪʵѾ
أӺġ
ҲҪҪǰɣ
ڼҪǮ
Ȼˡ
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Ҫȥǰɣ
ֻʱһ¶ѡȥ֮׹ԢҲðһס˰ɣ
ȱǮĻȥҴǰæһ˵ģȰȥ
ҿɲϲ챻ǵСôҶҪԼʵͦεΣϣܰҡ
ѵҪѷӸ𣿡
˵־һ°ɡѷ֤ҡ
һһƵü֡ӱص󡣾ʱ˷ϵˮ
ˣҡ
һץӵļͷ͵ذˮһȻЩԾȴû˿ľɫ
ʲôΣյ
ӵԺУֳǰǶβĻ䡣ԼͥѣһҸ
ղһڵĴǻ
ǻ
ҡҲ
šôһֱס϶Ӱ
ֽŵӣѵеԼĲϣ͸ĸ׵һ
ˡ
ӰһɡȥĻ޷԰εġ
һڱֳ˶ҡȴֻж̶ôһ˲䣬̴֮ս
˵ЩɶأٷɵˡˣѵӺͷ֤ҡ
ץס󣬶ȴŵӲšĸ׾Ϊױø׶˲˵ղֵüġӾãԼſĻôضٴݡ
֡
š
Ťһ𣬵ڵϡֻءһһ忪ʼסľΡȺӻع֮Ѿڵһˡ
ؿϣǰѵ

֮ұ㳹׻񡣾ܵزȥָƣҴææ뿪˵һ¸ߣص˶
һ˵꣬ص̾˿֮ǰ̾һֱˣָ֮±±ߡ
ŵⷬеҲ⿪ˡ
ʣ
ԣһΪλɱԼİһ㣬Ҳͱˡ
֮󷬳ٴӡ
̾㣬
ƽ˵Ϊʲô֪Ҿ֣
ָ̾ⵯ±ӣųġ
ʬʱͷֺζǿɲϴˮζˮζԵʱףǸŮġŮлűߡ
űߡΪʲô
Ϊֻͷɢտʼʱһֱ룬ΪʲôֻͷϲˮζأֻתƵ˱ߵͷϣһίʵ˸оЩ֡ϸһ룬Ǿֻһֿˡ
̾˸ӤһĶ
ֵʱʧְѱ߸ɱġ뿪ɱֳǰӦߡ߱˱ַ֮Żصϣŵڵϡ
Ľӵͷأֱ֮۾һж˵һ
һһӰӵԼǰֱֹɺԡ
ԴŵˮζһҾȷԼûдȴʼո㲻ףôõһˣΪλɱԼɷ򡣡
ռʱ̾佱ԼϵˮζԭһѾ֪ࡣ
ӻ۾̶̵һ˲ҹɫȽǰͷľɫһף·˵òͬ
ҹżʼ
̾Ȼ˵źӵӣС߰ɡ
ӵͷٴΧĹ⾰˳Ҵң֮ʧ
ˣ߰ɡ
ҲС˵

