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Żһ˿µ֣̾˿Ȼ߽ɫ̺Ϸõֽ䡣ֻ·ϵᡣұӣٴ䡣ʹܣĸµװ¹ѾϰΪİ칫ȴˡʱǸڽɫøֱͬͼһԭֽдǸӡʱҲִ͵ԣдʫʱһд
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ӽСѧĵڶ顣Ϊȥݵķ¶ǧҶĸĸףҲûܻŻ׼ʻĸ³˹ڸٹ·ϱͿ׷βжƵСͳײɵгϡĸ
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ºǸھӼҵ;һζû绰һô˵顣Ϊص֮ǰӺҶȹλðĻʱ⡣õһһˣ
Һӷֱ𱻲ͬˡ˼ҵľǶһиԣ̫׾ݡ
ҺߵݶǶ쳣У˴ѧȻĸǵͬսڵŲȫǵã֪һˣǮԶԶġ
Һӷ־ڼ䣬ⶰӱ׵Ĺ˾ˡٴλصסʱҲ֪סǻֱ
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绰ˡѸǽϵ绰ӻã֡
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ţʣµҲװˡҺ͸ճԵһءӳŻͲ˵Ǵһ˿΢Ц
Ұֻˮ֮󣬱߳˲Ҳ֪Ժ̬߳ͨŻߡҸԼ
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Ӻһͽͨҵķšʱǰ
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Ǵ˳ѸղŴֽó˹ȥҾߵЩҪѾרҵҹ˾˹ȥˡҪùȥֻһЩϴûС·
߳ϴӽ쿪ʼסǺġΪܹЧʱ䡣ɻкﹲ뷨Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ˣжеĲˬȻûܵõסѾһˡⱦһΪʲôǸ˻ҪռأҸеŭ

2
ϳԵʽտҺӶϲԵĶȻ˶ôȾƣҲټغȿ500ơơԷźΣ۾ΧӦҲ˰ɡ
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ȻҪнȫ漰໰⣬ЩڽˡֽʱʱԳĬʽ˳
һѽֵ׼ҵֱ롣ǳܵѹһʹ֮Ϯ֪ԼʹóοһЩ
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Ȼҿ֮ǰһˡ֮䴫һ΢ӦøոѰɡ
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ҿһӵT滭һֻڴ߶Сè·ȥʱġѾһȥˡ
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˽֮ŷ֣Ƶþ˵˼Լԭĵɫǡ¶˴ĵﶼ׷šļͥ
סһ֮ǾһһһҪǰֱʱ̶һҲҪɼİȸаΧǾСèһˣԼͬѪҺ˾ߣҸҸжѡ
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Ǹо벻ȴһʱ䶼ԸٵȴˡһֱǱǸħû
Ҳ֪ԺʱǵġӦȷ˺ͬɡΪϣҿ˿𾪡ӦԼԤһ㣬¶һı顣
ʱΧĿռˣʱҲֹͣˡٶǶҰӵ屧ýģһȾżһҲһоϲǲϲұŶΪ쵽ұ§ҡ߿ޱ߽ŵģǰְֺ衣·ص15ǰܾôãҵطͳ˰ɡ
ΪʲôǸʱһѵӵ·ΪʲôûκεֿȻǸաԼҲ֪ɡһˡֻô˵
Сϱһţҽڵʱʹüͷǵڶ֪ǴŮġ
˳ٴĴ˶塣
һоͷ·ξһ㣬ʱͿռȻģ塣ҵĴѾȫֹ˼
ˣһͷҵнӡǾǣһƬֲָУµϽ»

3
߳Ǿ籾ңǸС˵ҡûж飬Ҳûпдľ籾ĵӰӾ硣޷Ʒе֪˼룬˼ķʽұҲ֪ܴܲһ˵Ʒжϳ˼ά
ĿǰΪֹҺ߼ΡһĵĿȵ꣬ҽΪ֮ǰ˵ѾڽˣҲûʲôرȵġڶμ棬ҪʱҴѧǸͥϢġ
μҺദܹ30ӡ;ϯֻþͳм´Ҵ뿪ˡԶǸˣȫûи
ǻˣҹػӶ߳ϵۡҾ⻰˵ô࣬Ҫһ˻˶ãǾȫûнļֵˡ
517磬Ҽʻʽִֶ֣סլ߼Һլ
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ȥļ϶Ҵǣֽе˳
ǵû簡صŴ򿪺߳ϳˡһɫ֯Ǻɫ㡣
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⳵治һ߽ӹֽһ˵
ѾϹŶһش
ǿúܲء
Ϊʩ䡣
䣿
šҿߵ۾ƺûҵ˼ƶǶصͷתȥ
˵Ҫǵ˳ӣ˵ͻɫ뵱ǵĸ׾û³˹¡߳ϣȫȻ֪ܹʹ࣡
ߺլһ¥ǸǳĿǰ˹ѷһǸдڡ
ϰڷŵɳһˡŻɫװǷȻɫߣȥͬˡдʲôһǣվ
һ¡λǰҹĿӡָ߳Ǹ˶˵Ŷ˵λӵĸ硣
μաϲá˵ţҵһƬӡǡֱ֮
ллҽӹƬ
ƺ֪ͦҵְҵƬ󣬵ɴ۾
ѧоҡ˲𰡣
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㿴ѧһſξһоңһǱѧءֻҪﵱһ֣϶ǰ;
еˡ
ԺдЩԴѧоΪĵƷΣӿһߡɷһ־֮󡣡
ȻԿǡִ߳ӵļ磬ݸһЦ˵ֻҿûȤЩСɾ硣дƺƴĿƻС˵ܹӫĻ֡
ᵽĵӰ֮ǰ
дС˵˵԰ɣҪ˵Ҷ֪Գһͷı飬ͷתҡ͸Ҳ׼׼
ǾͻɺܶŶǿİ󡣡
ôһ˵Ϊҡҡͷ
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˵ģҺܿġϣεĻԳƵ赺ϰϷʵĿ˵꣬˿ңָֻԭࡣȻԸ˵ͻӦһּء
ҲûСҡͷ
ֱ֮ʱ̶ڶΧ۾һֱҡԣһֱ˵֪ǲǺʣҲֻмӵʱ䡣ӣֻмҲ˵˵൱ʱˡұòòˣĳ˵߸⡣
߳һסġһλ飬˵ⴱӵʱû飬ǼǰѾ־ˡΪʲôҪȫûжţҲû߹ңҲԼҲ̫
չ˾26죬йʧܻ37ҵĽϣҪżġԶֻһİ죬񶼲л˰ɡ
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ӳûаκ˿ڣȻһ죬ȴһŮѵʱ͵͵ĶˡǸӣȡһʼǴ˼Ȼûж⣬ֻⱾʼڳ繤Ľһ¡֮дЩʫǸѵġ
ԤвǸʫѽ㣬̾Ӧó顣Ǳ༭νֱðɡ
ǸֽѩG֯Ů༭˲þ͵Ǽң˵뿴ȫʫ˺ܳʱ俴ȫƪʫ֮Ҫ档Գ־ִ˵õĴ𸴾Ͳߡ
֮龭εػҲ̫ǰĴ죬ӵʫˡȻԤⱾһʼȫʽͨԼ˸־ͱֽĿһ֮Ҳûκη졣
Ȼ˵ڶ³˴תѩG֯ǿҪŮ־ӵʫӴ֮һͿʼȺǰ졣ѡصʫʱѩG֯ѡȡԷӳƷЧʫһһεذ棬鼮С
֮ܵ˸ָýĲɷãʱʱڵ¶档ĵ绰ֽͣһ绰ߡ˴Ҫ걨˰㽻˰´ˣ£о˵׷˰գټǿյĽɹ۵ľ˰
ӲûдȥΪְıչ˾ĹҵȻǰǸӣȻôĹšҿɲʲôˡĿͷ
Ǵʲôʱʼ˽½ģӴδԺҲ˵ȷǣԼӦȥʥڵʱ򶩵ġʥǰҹؼ֮ӵָϣһ䡣Ǵڽ֮ǰģһС˰ɡע⵽ҵߣŻŵס֡

3
߳Ǿ籾ңǸС˵ҡûж飬Ҳûпдľ籾ĵӰӾ硣޷Ʒе֪˼룬˼ķʽұҲ֪ܴܲһ˵Ʒжϳ˼ά
ĿǰΪֹҺ߼ΡһĵĿȵ꣬ҽΪ֮ǰ˵ѾڽˣҲûʲôرȵġڶμ棬ҪʱҴѧǸͥϢġ
μҺദܹ30ӡ;ϯֻþͳм´Ҵ뿪ˡԶǸˣȫûи
ǻˣҹػӶ߳ϵۡҾ⻰˵ô࣬Ҫһ˻˶ãǾȫûнļֵˡ
517磬Ҽʻʽִֶ֣סլ߼Һլ
ֻҪķӣܹ֪߳һʶǿҲҺܰˡһܻԸʵΧǽмһɫӣΧЭҪΪʲôΧǽܸ߷ǰɫһֻԼָоѡʹΧǽܵ͡ɫȫڣҿҲô롣
ȥļ϶Ҵǣֽе˳
ǵû簡صŴ򿪺߳ϳˡһɫ֯Ǻɫ㡣
Ϊ·˵
̫ˡ߳ϼң΢΢Ϲˡһ·˰ɣ
ʵС
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⳵治һ߽ӹֽһ˵
ѾϹŶһش
ǿúܲء
Ϊʩ䡣
䣿
šҿߵ۾ƺûҵ˼ƶǶصͷתȥ
˵Ҫǵ˳ӣ˵ͻɫ뵱ǵĸ׾û³˹¡߳ϣȫȻ֪ܹʹ࣡
ߺլһ¥ǸǳĿǰ˹ѷһǸдڡ
ϰڷŵɳһˡŻɫװǷȻɫߣȥͬˡдʲôһǣվ
һ¡λǰҹĿӡָ߳Ǹ˶˵Ŷ˵λӵĸ硣
μաϲá˵ţҵһƬӡǡֱ֮
ллҽӹƬ
ƺ֪ͦҵְҵƬ󣬵ɴ۾
ѧоҡ˲𰡣
û
㿴ѧһſξһоңһǱѧءֻҪﵱһ֣϶ǰ;
еˡ
ԺдЩԴѧоΪĵƷΣӿһߡɷһ־֮󡣡
ȻԿǡִ߳ӵļ磬ݸһЦ˵ֻҿûȤЩСɾ硣дƺƴĿƻС˵ܹӫĻ֡
ᵽĵӰ֮ǰ
дС˵˵԰ɣҪ˵Ҷ֪Գһͷı飬ͷתҡ͸Ҳ׼׼

ǾͻɺܶŶǿİ󡣡
ôһ˵Ϊҡҡͷ
û£Ҹﲻʲôæ
˵ģҺܿġϣεĻԳƵ赺ϰϷʵĿ˵꣬˿ңָֻԭࡣȻԸ˵ͻӦһּء
ҲûСҡͷ
ֱ֮ʱ̶ڶΧ۾һֱҡԣһֱ˵֪ǲǺʣҲֻмӵʱ䡣ӣֻмҲ˵˵൱ʱˡұòòˣĳ˵߸⡣
߳һסġһλ飬˵ⴱӵʱû飬ǼǰѾ־ˡΪʲôҪȫûжţҲû߹ңҲԼҲ̫
չ˾26죬йʧܻ37ҵĽϣҪżġԶֻһİ죬񶼲л˰ɡ
ǰʫ
ǳʱʼʫġԼĻ˵ŸϰӭĿʱ䣬ԼͻȻ뵽Ļ¼ڱʼϣ֪ΪһȤЩʼǵ˴ѧҵʱȻʮ֮ࡣ
ӳûаκ˿ڣȻһ죬ȴһŮѵʱ͵͵ĶˡǸӣȡһʼǴ˼Ȼûж⣬ֻⱾʼڳ繤Ľһ¡֮дЩʫǸѵġ
ԤвǸʫѽ㣬̾Ӧó顣Ǳ༭νֱðɡ
ǸֽѩG֯Ů༭˲þ͵Ǽң˵뿴ȫʫ˺ܳʱ俴ȫƪʫ֮Ҫ档Գ־ִ˵õĴ𸴾Ͳߡ
֮龭εػҲ̫ǰĴ죬ӵʫˡȻԤⱾһʼȫʽͨԼ˸־ͱֽĿһ֮Ҳûκη졣
Ȼ˵ڶ³˴תѩG֯ǿҪŮ־ӵʫӴ֮һͿʼȺǰ졣ѡصʫʱѩG֯ѡȡԷӳƷЧʫһһεذ棬鼮С
֮ܵ˸ָýĲɷãʱʱڵ¶档ĵ绰ֽͣһ绰ߡ˴Ҫ걨˰㽻˰´ˣ£о˵׷˰գټǿյĽɹ۵ľ˰
ӲûдȥΪְıչ˾ĹҵȻǰǸӣȻôĹšҿɲʲôˡĿͷ
Ǵʲôʱʼ˽½ģӴδԺҲ˵ȷǣԼӦȥʥڵʱ򶩵ġʥǰҹؼ֮ӵָϣһ䡣Ǵڽ֮ǰģһС˰ɡע⵽ҵߣŻŵס֡

˾ʦ䵱ɣҲչˣҪСطԺ鷳ˡֱ֮ŶļĲϣ˵ɳϣԲѸٿʼڲϼ¼
в𣿡˵
˵ǿܻᣬǸʦ˵һϸڣ뵽ԼôһԴ˵Ǻ޺ܾá

ô̾˿ϵЦЦ
ϯӽʽͷҶձԵĻһӳȥȻΪŮݣҲֻʽϵĶҲмȷϡؼǣҲûӱܵɡʯͷһƤɳ棬죬ĬĬӺٰʽĳбǰָ߳ӵ壬ʹܵҧгݡ
֮ʺˣ𣿡Բʼָߡ
ôʺ򰡣ġ
ֻôУͨڽϣҪĸͻֶ֮ء
Щȡ˫üӣһ˸ָ
и⣬ʺ֮ǰһʫɣ
ӵɴ۾ǿɲУ
ʺڽʽ϶ʫʣƺȤ
ҵĻһҵġ߶˵
Свͨͣҡͷ
ҵͦõġ˵꣬òʲôȥ
רҵʿɣ
רҵʿ
м£ûءϱ֡
ǻ˰ȥĶ߰һ˰ɡ顣
ְɣ˰ȣָſӵؿ˵
ӳ̾һֿʼϼ¼취
ʱŵˡ
װǽϵĶԽӻȷΪ֮˵֮󣬷Ͳ
ѩGС㡣Ӷ˵
ල߳ˡӱ˵¶Цݡ
߳أѩG֯˽Ů༭ŰɫװһࡣǷͻֱͦļƣһҾ뵽ڣԽɫ
ˡѩG֯˵Ҫء
ţѾһͷˡ˵һǻۡ
ڴ֮ǰȽһ¡˵꣬Ŀ䵽ϡ
˵ʵԭɣھȥá˵߳˿漴̤¥ݵ
ǰջҪѩG֯Ȼţ˵
ڱأǡ
ȻǱˣ⻹˵
Ǿллˡ
ѩG֯ϹϾصͷ̧ʱҶĿ⣬漴ıЩѾǵڶμˣɲ֪ΪΣȻʱʱ¶ɫ
ĿƿѩG֯ͶԶڴʱϸ۾ɵԲ˿
һΣͬڵλʿ˳ķȥǲһߣ͸ŻߵĴԿһïʢƺͥԺ
ǸͥԺվһŮˡݿɥʧ˻ǣֱضǿ


 ֱ֮ƪ
1
վŮ˵һ˲䣬ҶپһѣǸоͬ౻˴߷һ
ɫƮݵȹŷ·ɫŮˣǱˣ˸׼ӡ
Ȼ׼ˣʵֻеһϴ죬˫۾ȴעһ㡪ߵϡ
˽̬ڽ￼Ǻ˶Բߡ
ֻ¶ûϢı齩ǺҲûŮ˭ѩG֯Ӧòֹ֪͸˵ˣҵġ˵ǣʱ˿Ӳ
ι׼ӣôһӳأ˲ţĿȻҡұ˵ĹѾˣ
촽΢΢һ£ڵ˵˵ȫ塣
ϷЬס˸׼Ŀת
׷ʲôС
׼ǲ԰׵ս˺Σͬʱ۾ҲʼѪ˵Ҫ޳һ
ιӣûϵɣͷһߴӲ̽Դ
ţûϵһش𣬱߻شʣûϵָʲôأ
ӣС˵취һ£ҿɲ
֪ˡһش𣬲ûгȻָӡһˡﲻ򷿼ȥһĻ״ɡ
ǵ˵ɡ˸׼ӵļ硣
׼Сҡͷžǿˮ
ǵȥİɣҲ޼°ˣ߰ɣ
塣˽ŲʱҲŷһӣװĶ
Ұ˴ӿ޷ĵطǱиСӣԱ߹Ÿ߶ϰõӦϰ߶;ϢʱӡӱϷмԣ˻ɫɫɫ˵ġ
٣׼ӰΪʲôҪأҲͻȻԺɲһ簡úСŮڨĿ
ǸˣڿֹȻ޷ݡ
ţ˵ʲôҰѶյߡ
Ǹ𣿡
Ǹˣ˵˭
ڷǸˣŰɫװͷ̶̵ŮˡǸ˾ǳϵĽ󣿡
~׼Ҫ˵ĻҲʶǶһڿʵˡ
ǵġһش𣬡һ༭̸ֻġ
ĸҪ߽ˣ
ʲôĸ
Ҫ˰ɣô˵ġҲ˰ɣ׼ʵ·̵ڵĻһԶ˵˳档ǣҲ룬ǺʱݳءǰŶ쵰Բ
˵
Ķ
Ҳ
һǸˡ׼ӰתķվҪʳϡ
ιιȵȣ΢һ£˫סٴ¡ղ̬Ҳ˰ɣҾܲԸô˵ʵǼһڲ㡣ҲкܶҪйĲܲʱһ̣Ȼȥ˵أ
ϣ׼Ӱһعڿʲô֮һ
ڳҪ£ҿʲôû˵أҽҡֱŸ˵Ҳǳ֮ڣҽԺĿ˸ҵġȷһ´绰û뵽һҾ̹ˡ˵ù𣿡
Ǽһȷʵһǳֵˣһ㸺ġʽĵǸŶұ֤ҹڲƺϣִļ˵Ȼ˰ٰǱ
ʲôʱ򣿡׼ʡʲôʱ
ܿ죬ҲȾõġ
ʹɣ׼ʰĴ۾ɣ
ˡ
ǻǵԼȥءһ˵վҶûס
һ£ϥڵ棬޷һץסĽס
һȥһֽϵ䡣
˼ʱƳ˴ֽĶʱ˽Ӳסˡ
һõ֡
׼ӡĲ
άƣ˼һȻ򣬻ŻŵذѴĶŻȥ
׼ӣ㾿׼ʲô
ûʲô׼վɫӵϥǴЩࡣᵧ˵תǰȥ
ȥĶ
һȥˡ
һ̰ɡҲվ
ˣԼȥ
ǡ
ҡֽŻһĲȥֻĿıӰ

Ӱʧҿ⣬šڻߴԵʣҿǷˣ˼¡
ò˹ֹ¶ԴʵҶ΢Цţͬʱָָϵ
ֹޱش˵˼άɲ⡣
Ҵ߽󣬷ߺӡԼѩG֯ûӰ
ףأֹ롣
ڶ¥鷿أش𣬡۹¡
ޣΪ˲Һ˸׼ӵ̸߲ȡֲԡôأ
ҲѧĶˡ
ʲôأ
Ҳûʲôֹ뵭ػشȻɳ¡̯һԵıֽ
ѵҺ׼ӵ̸ˣĻ׼ʲôͷŮˣӦѾ˰ɡȻҶԴȴ޴ӿ֤ҪֹʣղǸŮ˭ҵԳû̽ʵһĮĵı飬Ŀһֱڱֽϡ
Ҿȥһ¶¥˵־ûһһϲĹˡ
¥鷿š˵š
ţұ㿴ڴڣ˫ȽڵϣӡѩG֯ǰվš
á߼Һ˵췢㾭˵ðɣȰȰλС㡣
ʲô£
ǸպӵʫӰӻأ¶˵ôһǾǲء
㣬Ҳ̫ܽܡǲԼʱȲӰ
漴˫ü
Ҳû˵ֻ̾׼׼ȰѺͬǩ˶ѡǩ֮ҲõĵļһˣҲר־Ͷ봴˰˵ģһֱŵҲտ
ӵǣǰʱȫǻὫ̶ӰӻΪİˣһ㡣ѩG֯ǳӲ
ҵȻ⣬ΪɷԲվءȻúĵδ˵԰ɣӣ¶ͽҺ𣿡
ӵɫЩΪѣŮ֮ڣΧݲִ֣Ҳ׵ͷ
ĺˡ˵ʵڲ֪ǺáϣҪôżɣܲһ£
ⷬ¶˸ӵЦݡ֪ʱϰߡ
߾˫Ͷ״ͷҡ
޾ľỹҪȥôҲҪְ
Ҷˡ
ȥͿˡıְڡ߰ѽŴŲȻֳһֽߩˣҩʧЧˣողųԹ
ҩ𣿡ʡ
ţӦⲻ󡣡
ƵĶ棬ĳ룬ȡһֻСУӴţһֻƿӡšƿǣȡһŰɫҩ裬˼طŽϷŵĺһĿȹޣһȫꡣֻǱҩΪӵ˵Ա׵ëһֱĿյĸԴ
ÿȶźȲ̫ðɣ˵
ûϵһˡ߹ϸӣóݸȻҩϵͰһӡŽǵɣҲٳˡ
ǰ㲻ǻҪԵ𣿡
¥һҩޣȻװȥˡ˵꣬ߩһαӣšո˵Ķˣ
ĵӰ£»л֮˵ɣ飬ӽҲû˼̸¶ɣô˵ǵĴϲ֮հ
ӿһۣȻһЦ
ָ̾˵
Ҳã;پϸڷ飬ܿ԰ɣ
ţԡ
ˣ¾̸͵վһȥԷɣ֪һܲ͹ݡ
ڴ֮ǰһһҪ¡Ҷ˵ǹھճضҽԺġ
΢΢ᶯüǡ
ɷ㣬ҿӼ˵һ¡
Ȼرһ°ɡ ѩG֯˵
ţõġҲվڸڷǡ
Ӿͺá߶Ŷ˵΢Цס
ûκ˵𣿡ڷŹϺֱ⡣ôӦٶۣҲ֪˵ġָ˸׼ӡ
ͷٴص칫ϡ
бҪ˵𣿡ЦšҺŮһ£ƾʲôǵصظ㱨
׵İ
ô˵˵ΪҪӽˡͻ˵Ŷ𣿽϶һġ˵ʲôǸŮ˿϶ܵģֻ߶ûꡣŮ˻ȥΪáһֱ֮ĻܻġǲҪĪǸ߹Ϊ
ʮָǰþȫץǿûв
ҪʧѣҲûа仰˵أ˵ƴѹװһƽӡ
Ϊʲôҿɲǵú֮йԼ
㲻̥òɣ˵ȥҽԺ
ǲ˵Լ̥ͬô
ΪԼԺܺأôһ˵Ű˵ͨġ
ĳŵ޹ء
ߣ
ڷ䶼ˡüͷðɣˣҳǮ˰ɣ
ҵͷ¿ڴȡ±
ڽҹʦ֮پɡ˵Ϥһʦ֣ңǮֽ
Ұɣ¶бҪ𣿡ߴſȥ
ֻ׿˵ǸĻһξͺã¾һΣ̸һΰɣ
Ȼҡͷָҵظ
̸пְ취
ߡ
¶˽ԷȥɡߴţͷֱǵҲء
еԲʼڷ߲ȥĳ嶯ȴӲǸסˡ

2
Ҷһ¥ֹȻղͬɳ϶˹һȥͲ͵˼Ҳû¶ر˵ı飬վ
ףǽϵǶڳĳ߲֮һɫ񻳱һĶǲǻİҩޡ˵һνʱǰ޸ġ
ôʡ
ҲûʲôҸղŴҩһװҡ
ﲻأ
ҼǵӦǿյĲŶԣ֣ѵҼǴ𣿡ӡҲûϵͳˡ
ҩ֪ʲôʱģ㻹Ǳˡ
켴ΪԼ仰ͣҪšҩ޸ӵ֡
˵ĶԣҰ˵ŰҩӵһȻҩ޵ظӡһ°װЩҩɡ
õġҩ޷ŽԼ
ãǳɣ֣˵
ǼҲ߼ʮӳ̵ĵطΪλסլûע⵽ı־ƵĻΪһլ
ߡҡáټѩG֯ΧڿڲĲԡʱӵָѾ߹㡣ͺ֮ʱûˡ
Ҳ˵ôƣʵȫͬġ߱ߵеĲӱ˵ձڰ᲻ͬʷҲͬעȸǴྶͥҲûЩݣ̶ֻȳǵǰһƷʧҪԭɣ
ǵӰдС˵ҲᳩѩGСҲô˵ɣӿѩG֯˵
ѩGһ߳ź棬һߵͷ
ܿȫ򣬵ͷûרҵˮ׼һ£ֲڼעķ˿ͺ֡ǽܽѵˡ
˼ǣڰˣ
ţѾˡ˵꣬ߺһơơ
˵ȥĵӰⲿֲٵдľ籾ְҵ硣ǲְҵΪزģǾܵдʵ硣аģܵһֵĵӰߺרҵĺȻӰӳȴ˻¬ֻһζ󻮹˾ծѡ
ΪİӰֻҪúձҲһ׬ǮҵԤġձĵӰǶԱƷǲκϣġڰĶͿԽְҵ׾ɵӰֻ뵱ȻҪϴˢֳɲ¡һʼͼƻǳΣգȴȫȥ
дС˵ȥԭ򣬺͵ӰͬȻMajoringӰձҲܻ𱬣û˵С˵İҲܳΪǰéġ
ȻָԵĶҲŴȰ߲ҪӰҵȻҶϿ˵ĲŻȻϵˮһֱǴӸߴʹġ
òӾͨķۣɨһߡڶ˵ĳϾͻ鲻ԽӸոտʼһԹ˵ҲһȻôáʹǰȫû䣬һš
ҺڴѧͬһšӰоšǸʱʼ־һӰݡȻŵĳԱЩϵһмʮˣҪŵӰ·չģӦֻһˡ
Ȼȫû뵽ķʽʵԼ롣ȿʼдС˵ҲдȥͶӦ˽һٵͷȽ
ΪһС˵ѾСгɼú˾籾дԼƷĳɵӰʱԼԲٵ߬д˾籾С˵λӵһӰҲ֮ôһؿ˽ķչ·
ǰԼⲻΪ˰ԲߣΪӰ·
ʱϵңʾԼϣҰ
˵ʵ˵ѩ̿ĳЩԭڵȷҵ״̬ҲʹӦ֮ʱңƵ˾
ԭ̥칫˾ľÿ칤ģһ㶼û˼˶һʼֻһ㣬˵ͷ֮󣬾ͷչÿڶȥȯˡҸû֪ʶͼɡʹЩνļɣҲһֱӮ̼ҵ
ȻʹֵĻϲߣҵʱǣѵûǱ˸һԾͰ󶴸ϡڻɵ㣬ɵʱζʵֵġұѽȫͶϡ
£ǳ´ϵˡΪ˻ծҰ˹һ鹹Ĺ˾һЩٽףȻԼ˾˻ϰǮȥϼʵЩѾù죬ֻҪЩطֲìܵĻҾܲ¶
ȷǡҡʱں˲һļ¼ĿγҵĹ̾Ͱҽйȥʡʵ̹ˣΪ׼
跨ƽγ˵ҾͲ¹֮ڣԶȻдְţ쵽ְء
ܿƳҲΪ⵽ô˵İɡҶԣ˿ѾǸмˡôܹϵȱءܶԼҲһһǧԪϡ
߼ʱҰ¸ʵʵ˵ˡʱΪֲɾҴĻҲûкˡ
߶ҵⷬȫûб¶˿ȣǵˣ˵Ҫҵ渶Ǯ
СǮһԾ׬ĶĲǱҪȤˡ
˱ϵ©˽̹Ҳᱻ淢һݹ䡪ҵŮͻȻһӦߵ롣
ʱߵճ̱ŵġΪС˵Ϊ籾ұټҲӰȷʵбҪһĵһ¾Ƹʱ
˲ãҾ֪ѡҵϻ˵ɡһô˵
ҹ˼ºܸң＾Ӿ硣
ɵõɴ۾
˼²Ĺ𣿡
ǵȻ̫æˣڲ㣬ֻҪŪñô¾ͺˡѧʱд籾ѡͽˣ
ڳ˵вͨ
ûϵģֻҪʱӦȥˡ֮һǸƷ
ҪҾԿɡ
ҰǰԼ籾ɱ飬ߡΪԼƷһС˵
֮ΪεӡҲûҪΪҵԸҲ֪ĶƷøұûʲôҪǣҵĴծ
󻮹˾˳˳ˮһʱǰʼնǣ߱㿪ʼ𱾸Ӱ
ԭ籾Լ͵ݡҵҪְ̺еİõʹҳＯǮ
ǿʼͷӰĽǸծҰѵӰƱӲҵƳ滹Ӳҵ
Ҽԡ󻮡漰ӰȻԼϲӰ¡ΪӰ׬ǮһıӰס󣬻ǣС˵籾ĴҵʵϣһѾûнʲôˡдԭΪӪֹͣдĻȻûκˡ󻮡˻ϵǮۿһһļ
Ȼߺҵ뷨ྶͥţҪٴϸǰĻýҵóɹɹؾԼΪ
ʱӵֳˡ

߶Ȥɣ޷ΪǽŮʫˡ˹ͬĵ༭ѩG֯䰲Լ档
֮󾿾ʲô֪òСʶʱѾʼˡǽ˻Լ
ǸӵŮҲǺ˽⣬Ӧ˵Ǽһ֪ɡ￴߱㹻Ůʹ߻ٻ顣ƺȱһЩΪŮ˱ҪĶȻһƯǺŮԭе΢ЩͬӲҪ˵ͬĶΪһáꡱĴŮЩ֣֮ҹͨԿӦûʲôһŮԾͻ·ӣȫû뷨ΪϴŴĶ
Ȼ˵ǱҲͰˣɾ֪߲׷ˡڵ֪ŵ֮ҶһֲõԤС
Ԥг棬ߵʫӰһ̡
Ҫɶ׬ޡһվ鷿ĴǰȭͷӣѾҵ˾ʣʵʩˡǾͿһӴ̿
ҸЩʱȫƤ
֪𣿡
һ˵ģҿҪΪأ߶ӡ
⸱飬ʹ뵽ʲôЩϷʵĿ
˵úԴΪĿĶİ
Դˣ˵˾䡰ôܣЦšЦʹҷЩȴ˵
ĳᷢ仯ˡ

ǸŮ˺ر𡣡˵ڵʱͨдʫˣһ߱ĳʣ꼻һֱ֡ռΪûʲôҲ϶ʱתġ
Ķ൱
Ȼֹһɣҿô˵ֻһӵͨ죬ҾȢ
Գ飬ߵЦŲ
ҡٻ飬ϲ϶׷ЩӼֵİɣ
ϲ𣿡
ϲŮˡһ࣬ں˵
ȻʱĶԻЩ죬ұǽ¡˵˼֮Ҹ飬ΪӷֵϢȥֻܻ
ڻû㣬ҲظЩֺõù˵仰ԳȻֻһһֱҹڻ
ʲô£
ӵĸ硣߻ش졣
ôˣ
꣬Цһ£දһ
Ǹϲ˵ġ
Ŵͣ׸ɣ
ǺֿסȻû˵ﻰ͸һֺĸоŮ˿Ӵ֮ٴȷ㡣
ôܣ˰ɣ
Լ˾ˣǲÿġҲء
㵹ǽú̹Ȼ
˵֮ڴءҺҽǰδκһ̸ѪԵϵĸ硣ֻǻûϵܾеġ
ҶҪˡ
һ˵ĬĬЦˡ
ŮŮô˭Ҳ˵׼˵ҺӽҲֿʱ׼ԴΪڡһô˵֪ΪξǺǼ£ôҲ벻סһ䶯Իġ

ⷬһëȻʲôԼҲ˵塣֮ҵıһͷռݣ׮¾ԷͬѰ

3
شĵ绰ˣ˹ػʱڳļλƷζˣǰĵϷֻ߽Ϻ¶顣
ʧһ¡Ҵλϴּ䡣ҵһ˿Ͷ޷ĵط󣬰ͨι
ȴһȻС˵ӳι
ʶ˭
׼ӰɣҾƽȵĿ˵ôˣ
߳ϡ
ţ
߳ϣ
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ֱֻ֮ʹҲĳԤСͷȻֳǰǸŮ˵ɫ·ѩ׵գ߳˼Ŀ⡣

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2
ΧѾȫ߼ҵŵƹšı۳ͣǰɳвӰ
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2
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1
ȱģǰȥ¡ʶ߳Ϸ쳣״ɴ°ڣڱӦׯߵġŮͨϷɱĿ˱ڼ֮ԼԵɷȥģ߶ӲһľִӰ죬˭˵شƺѹ˲£վ߶޷
ͬһǰȥֹһ˷䡣ǾƵ꾫׼ġ߳϶ɹ»֮ҹķ䡣
ȥҽڴ֮ǰӾȰտһˣڵºֹ˵Ұɣһش
뿪ȥ·ڴƽ΢΢Ŀ۽ĳһ﷢ɢҵĺȥ˵״̬סʱҲץסҵ֡λϣѾǺˮ
ڴߣսֲţֹ֪ʱܰҽҽһƵӦȥ߳ϣԸԸϵҹҽѾȲ߳ϣʱڳ˶㡣ߣȻڻŵ˸Ҫ
һСֹţ˵ʲôûеõش
Ҳϸ촽ûźϣһܹšΪʲôΪʲôҲյøˡ
ȹ˽ʮӺҷſ֣˷šֹһŰ״ӵӳſڡ
أҽģʡ
Ҵߡ
ҽΪӰ̸עһ򾲼ղŻСһ˯ˡ
ֹ˵
ҽߺعͷ
ҪҲһ𣿡
ˣһ˾͹ˣӦûкܶҪŶԣ¥µĳ൱ء
ǿ϶
˵κα仯
ȥˡ
ҵͷҲδ仯⻰˵ЩͻȻ֪ԺֱԶԡ
ʲô
ҾͲö֪ˡֹ˰ӵ£Ŀתעãƺ߳ϵġ
2
¥ǰõ·ϿഩƷľվǶ
ԲЩ¹ʣͨСһľٴ³˵ұһԵԭ·ء
ٴγϵµ¥ӰҲûСԼһСʱǰﻹȺȴǿտҲףѩGС㣡ԴתͷһڻЩӲҸ׼ȥء
ҶȥĶˣ

ڻ˿רõϢң߽Ҳκ죬Źصġ
ڻţҲߡϢﶼǰϯˣ¶ʹ֮ɫܲʱ΢Щ˶ߵݰɡû뵽ǸȻΪˡ֮ûбֻг³ڿγɰɫһƬ
̫͵˿ǽվòڼЩˡǶǾ죬Ҵǵ̬ԼΧƲ⡣
ڻ߽һӣ˵ʲô˵ͷ˿ңȻ
ǡѩGСɣǸзֵͷԼʮµҡȻ˲ߣȴǽһ֮ӦҲܴ󣬴Ŀ˫΢Щбӡ
Щ㣬˵ĬĬص˵ͷ
˰Ҵ⣬滹һӣƤְҵ˶Աһڡ
ȼɳϣǸзͷԳǾѲһεĶɱߣӽľ塣
ҵݡʵڻҴ˴һѾǺٴ˽ܡ
ţɱ߾ҸղΪֹںδһشһֱߡ˴ͷ
һٰܾɣϢ𣿡
ǵġ
Ƿ˵״̬أ
ԴҾЩǿ
ҸеԼ沿ʼЩҪԴ״̬ʲôأ
ҾȺѩGС̸̸ˡľ˵ƺֻҪҽɣǽ컹׼ӽʻ
ɱ߾˵
֪ȥϢɣ
˵ˡһش𣬡Ϊ̫ͻȻҷǳ𾪡
ͷ˵ǿ϶ġ
ʵߵ򣬻мɵ㡣Ҫĵ飬ȻܻеЩ죬ǳǫβȴ̾еǿҪ˼ɵؽе鿩
˵Ŀ֮ǣҷʡ
ǵһὲġɴ˵·û˼شҵ⣬ӦҲϯ˽ʽɣ
ǵġ
ĿõߵصһĻ𣿡
Ҫ˵һ˲ĻûΪλñȽϿǰֱҶɧҲŷֳµġ
ǣ㣬ܶ˶ûء˵ڻֱ볡Ƿǳʧء
ұܺʱεֱű˿һʧ°鷳û˵ڡ
мλߵصɲǡЩԣͻȻ¶ʹ飬ĳֲӡȻزˡ
鷢
Ҳе͸¶ǰź
Ҳֻ֪ۣĬ
ɱ߾ǰ̽ӣֱֱؿҡ
˵ȻΪ﷽Ĺϵ˳ϯģҲ޹ϵɣǰĸ༭
̵ܶһʱǣʽϵġһش𣬲֪ΪΣ˵⻰ʱűĿ
û˵߻ʲô࣬Ǻϵͳģ
û˵
֪гҩƷ𣿡ѯʡ
֪ôش𣬿˻ȥΪŵĻԾĹ
ñ׵ҩΪһžͻ顣
׵ҩҩƬ𣿡
ǽҡ
ǽҲ𣿡
Ӧ÷ˡ
Ϊڿ϶̾Ȥ
ŶΪʲôôΪأ
Ӱҩңתߡ
һ¡ɱ߾Ҹǰֹ̯״ĿתƵľ̾ϡǶڶǹؼ֤ʣúü¼ЩҩӴŵ𣿡
ǵģΪе׼ҩһͳһܡ
Ŷ~ôǺʱεذҩأ
ڻʼǰһʱ䣬ԼʮһɣصϢ
ԭҩĶ

רϢԼа˵ʮһʱӻŻĻɴվھǰ˵ʵ漵ô˰ֻǣΪ߳ϵȴһ㶼Ľ⽫ҵĿˡΪ·ǰлɫ֣ʱӵȴаԴȫȻ֪ҲΪеһ˿ʹ
ʱƽﴩ·ѷڷһǣҲӰҰȥȡұ㽫佻
֮⣬ڻҲڳӵǵ򿪰ȡҩƿҩޡһװҩ޺󣬽Ҹǰ˵뽻ߡȻ˹·Լ߻ʧתڻ
һҷ׷뿪ϢңҺҲ˳û˿ֱ֮ҷԸڻｫҩ޽ܡ
ϳɱ߾ܲסͷͬʱҲɴ۾ɻؿҡ
ΪʲôֱӽߣҪأ
ΪǸճ飬ֲòߡ
ԭˡһľ壬˼ǣһ©ؼŶ
ע⵽첢ûҿֱ֮ǺˣҲ˵ѾԿӽйʣǾӦ˵ҩƬǽġˣɱ߾ȴװһһ˵ҩƬı飬ҵ˵˵й
ʡ˵ͼʣǸҩʲôԾ𣿡
ԾָǣЩбӵĿֳң۵һɲĹâ
ΪҩԵʲű𣿡
˵ҩԵ𣿡
Ҳ˼û˵ȥٴγһ۾ı飬ǵĿ۲·˵Ů˵ô˵ô䷳˽ҵȷһԽĳɷֲ˻ɡȴʼװ֪ܶһЩԷĻΪάһѲ硣ûӣֻǵķ¡
Ҳ˼û˵ȥٴγһ۾ı飬ǵĿ۲·˵Ů˵ô˵ô䷳˽ҵȷһԽĳɷֲ˻ɡȴʼװ֪ܶһЩԷĻΪάһѲ硣ûӣֻǵķ¡
ǵ˼ǣ߳µĲǱҩ𣿡ʵ仰˵װ˶ҩһĶ
롱ɲ΢̣ȤΪʲôôΪأ
Ϊһֱڱҩ°
ҵĻЦˣǽƻЦݡ
ֻ뾡ܿ͹۵˽һڵǰʲôϾĿǰǷ˶Ľ׶Ρ
ȻѲһζˣǾǻɱĿԣû˵ǵһİ·
ѩGС㣬ɱ߾֣µ˵ô룬Ӧݵİɣ
ݣ
ţ߿˵ǲ롣
ϵ̾ڳȮĽżƣһֱ飬ұʵ˺⡣һǹҩƬµĿԡ
ûУһش𣬡ûνĸݡ
ľ¶ʧ룬ɶɱ߾ֻǸһ˿΢Ц˵ͷƾľӦԤϵ鲢˳
󱸾ѯʣ߳ϺûзѰ£һشƺûʲôӡر顣Ȿ̸˸׼ӵҿ϶ֱ֮ӦҲ̸ܶû

3

һ˱ʵ5㡣ʹרõϢٴһ200棬ԻѹָбЩ˼ڳֳĬǣ½½ʼɧлЩ˶ײ١˵ŭŮЪ˹Ľк˷ҪϰСʱɢĻпܻ𱩶
Ƿȷλľס֮Լ緽ʽ󣬴ڿ뿪Ƶˡұȥӵ״˷ȴѾһˡȥǰ̨һŵ֪ѾؼˣǷǽѶҲö֪
ھƵǰһ⣬˾˵ȥ
Խߣ˳͹ʱָ6߽֡Խ¥һҵꡣһ¥ǿ¥ȴ¥
ȻϢյʱ䣬аλšһܣĿԸӵ纣ĲϣҼ˿ֱ֮ӰȻע£ɫɫװ磬ԶҲʮۡ
ӿ֮󣬰ϵʪԱŲŲǰӿƺԹһĶſȣϿʼûԹһٷӵȻ
棬뿪Ϣ֮ǰ顣èһϢ߹Ҷߵ㣬ԽԱߵǼҵꡱѾȺ̸֮ˡ
Ҳꤣȵ˱֭θѱȫٶˡ
һûн̸ԷҲȿӺȸеĿȺڿ˵˵һ仰
̬ˡ˵꣬̾һ
̧ͷһκĿԣӵﲼѪ˿
Ծ˵ʲôˣ
ѾǵˣϾڲ֪״̬±ȥʻġֻǰԼʵ˵˶ѡϵ·̺Уһ̻ҸѾ̵١
ǣ˵û˸׼ӵ°ɣ

һֻֻ˵̵Ļ񣬶̻Ҹס
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ҾͲôԵ˿
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ͼ˵ʱ򣬿ֹˣΪһŮ̶ҵĳ֭
Զҳķս˵ߵ֪𣿡
̾ʲôû˵ǻûɡҪнʲ֪
Ӧܲµְɣ
ҲǰԻ
Һܺ˿ڳ֭
Ǽҹҩ¡
ҲҲǡӵͷΧƺ̾ڶҡҲʵˣҲ
ǵģ
ǣǾġѾѯʹƵķˡ

һʼ͵ڵ֮ǰԹʲôΪʬжϣжĿԻǺܸߵġþһṩһҩ͵Ϣң˵תġ
̾ʻˣ͸ҩСģⶼʵ
ʱһԵҲ˵顣
ƺ֪µǰһΪӴŵҩƷŲĽҡ
ǵȡЩĳɷֻ֣Ҫһж϶ͻó߷ͬĶʣµЩҳɷûκ⡪Ȼֻ˵ֿԡô֮ʹӦҲ޷֪ԴŶԡ
Ӵ³Ʈ棬ɢȥһ˲䣬ҹɫȻ
˵ǹ£Ϊֹһζûнй˵̸Ҫ˵˵ŦֻǸұǿ߶ѡǸߣѾˡ
ŶǰǸѾˡ˷ܵüֱУֻܰסֳ嶯ȻصԢŹؽֻʣһʱйҲιٴΰӣ˵
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ӵɫɲǼһ˿ţ漴ɨһȦΧСͷôˡ
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ֿԺܸߡ˿̡ԭΪ滻߱ҩƿļƻʧˣû뵽жĽһ˳װ˽ȥ
ѽҷŵҩӣôһ֮ǰӦƿˡ˸׼ӵǺʱƿеأ
϶ǰŽȥ£͵͵ǱڷŵģӰѱ̵ͷ̻Ҹ˵ߵļҾԼһ϶֪ҩҩƿĶʣµģǱʱˣһֱڷ䣬ܻпСʱֵĻʵĶء
ԣǳɫشͬھԸ
ǰܡعͷ룬Ů˿ǿµء
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ιµΪֹǷìܣٴԺţƺûʲô⡣
ǽҿſӣ͵ʲôʱ˸׼ӵʬˡ
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ˡΪҲϣһ߳ˡֵһ̣³εӣǰԵö˼ִݡ
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ֻ֪һһˡŴ⣬ش
ڿȵſڷֱų⳵׼µĹԢ;ͷȷ˼Ƿгβ棬Ȼûеоٵļ
һԼ䣬³ϯװ£վڴ¾ǰ˫ֲͦأԼӡ
ʱйӿҲ֪νͷţֻǽ߬ȭͷ
Ҹˣ걻߳ɱǸѩG֯ػˣ
Ҹɵģɱ