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߽ɽ һ  
һŮѰʮ侭  
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Ƿ꣬ŮԸضɽϵͭÿ㶼Ƕƣ 
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ٵ죬ָһ磬ɽڡ֡ϿȡĽ 
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ЦðڨʵڻǽסŵļɷԲ֮ؿյû 
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գ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ߽ɽ¡⡡нΡϡ޶޾Ƿ  
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ҿѼޱһֻŻͷ󺹣ȴˬࡣ 
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Ц͵ĶƶģдһʫʾȻ̨ɽϣһ 
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Цݣ˫һɣ̴һƣӲӲһ人 
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滭һӡ 
δչͼʱ˫Ź⣬ضδǿĵ 
Ц治ѽϵرֳˣеֻ꣬ 
ʮɣ㲻ʶе𣿡δ 
ӷʵôʶ 
־飬÷ǳ֣ҲʵʲôˣΪʲ 
ôĻʧɢ˵ֵܻ󣿡 
ãȻ־ڻѹУ΢΢ʵôʱ 
ɣɺҹİͨʯߣıڵɽǧսġ 
˵Ǯءһʯڣƣ롣 
־һʹ߹ȥҡҡͷ磬 
ö˵ˡָŻе˵һġеĴҵͯĺ 
ѣǮ֮ҹҴһ⣬Ǯˣ־ʵȻ 
ѣΪʲôִ⣿ 
ɫҰף˵ҵĴʱǵĸ׶³Ĳ£ս 
Ǻ³ľɲӺݡһ죬ǵˣмʱغݵܱ 
ҵҲڡ˵³ںݵˣ¼һɨ־ 
ȭͷһʯϣ˵ȻˣҪ˵⣬ɱҲ 
Ӧã˵֮󣬿ҡҡͷʵǲ˵ˣ 
ǵԽɹҲ˳˵ûУ˵ 
ȫģ־ŭ㣬һ㣬ˣ㲻ɱǲ 
ˣҪ 
һ۵ʱܸӣûȫ֮ǰܾ 
ɴλѣСǷǳǿСӡʱֻʮĴ 
ģ־ǺҲԭ£죬˵ȥ 
˸ֶ̣һ仰Ҳû˵ʹÿƣһװʿ 
ͬһηȥʱҲǸȥ򣬶ұ 
Լˡ˵ҪԽ³޴ءͽܲĵַ˵ 
֪ǵԽ䣬ϸʲŲģ 
־⻰ʱס˵㣬ˡһ仰 
ͷһӣź־һּٵĻ֪ 
ʵʲôˡʮܴĻ񣬽飬Ҳû 
־ĬȻһᣬ˵뷨£ҡҡͷ 
㵱ʱҴͲΪÿˣһ۾ͻῴ 
ǿɲģģɱõѣҲ 
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δŤ˫֣ŵ۵һҲûСƳһۣ 
۾ѽҺֿˡ־ܹȥ 
˵̫ܶˣֻһֻþδ˵꣬۹ 
δţδ۹˵ġɽâһ־һ䣬 
磬ҪвУˣ 
δ硰һЦǻػĶأСǱ 
ˣˡ 
ʱʯȻһŻںڰнƽδӭϣֻ 
ĸһװˡδͺ־ò潻̸֪Ҳ 
Ǵͷŵʯ߹ҹġ 
ĸﶼܺͰֻǸɫȴİδзӥ֪ 
˵ı־࿴ۣǾֹδҲ 
֮ЪǷһߣһһߵ 
Ǽƺܺãڷһѻ㵸س 
ԽϺȴܲʵǳʲô 
δһᣬ˵ǳصһ¡˵һ 
®ǲԭϵӢۣһø֣ǳӲ˵ͷһ 
ŮаǣǱҪ˵ȹ£ŴӦ£ 
®飬ĹǶ棬̼ĿеӢۣ衣 
ڳģǹ®˵Ļ˵ҹºҰƵΣѻڤʮ 
ĽѩĴδת룬żȻһƳ 
ֻδУҲĹʡ 
δ磬δ硰ꡱһصĴʫ 
ˣŮǵߡܾһӵ飬ʵҲǰ® 
ģ˵ 
һз꼻ۣ 
ɫൽޣ 
ֻҹеһ㣬 
㲻ֱʯúݣ 
ǲڵ 
ָʾȥĤݣȥ 
ʮĳ 
ԸĿе 
٣˵׸Ȼã˽˻ɣ 
δ˵ǣ˭Ҳϲģ®Ƿǳˣǣ 
ҲԼĽ飬Цˣһذ׾ͰѰǲ 
ˣԼҲɱˡǰ 
ֵʱö̴ٶ 
ҹصһ 
ĮĮգ 
ճֱ֯İ 
־ⲻ飬ҰһˣҾɱδЦ 
Ҳᣬǹ®ŮҪҵڱʾҲһ顣 
Ȼ飬Ҳ˵Ȼǹݵġ׳ǣڲԭ 
˭ǿˡ 
ǾƺúܲͷòػȵҪˣȥ˯ɣ绹Ҫ 
·δˣֻʯЦø·ˣûˣ˵ 
ٺδҲһ˺ÿڹ˻δƾڶߣ 
ȥںڰʯͨУֻϾϾžžˤ 
죬δڷ񱳺ȥźںĶ˽ﾹȻ 
棬͸ˤƤһ˽ǾٺﲪȻŭٿذγ 
˱ӭȥͨУЦӽ˼ºӡ־һʼ磬 
δһѰס˵æʲôˣδˣѵ 
֮ǰδһü 
ʿΪ׵ľϡ˵δ羪ɮͬ 
Ҳɣϱͬĸ 
ɼϰˤ˽æ֣Լˣ 
ǰһȵɣǰѡӡҿǲ 
ӡǷŵı˵еĸɮûٻճɻңȴ 
һĹͷǡӡ壬Ϲ 
֮ʦµġӡ˻ĲĴӣ˽ɵ 
ʼˣ̵ʥһĲµķڶʦµġӡ 
ΪҪ˽ɻ͡ӡأĸӭ 
ʥˡ֪£Ϳһ˵书׿ʿһͬȥ 
١ڶԸʥׯȺۣ˳ɢûܵѲ 
ɼһھҪӡдɣʵ磬մػ 
⡮ӡƽһ͵ģ͡Цʲôƽ 
ӡǵϽõģɴһ㷴ˣϴЦ 
𷴵ҷã㣬㵽ԸԸʵۣ 
ƽУλȳԵͣͼı֮£֪顣 
˵ʱáǰһȵ㵽ô 
ϰ䣬ɲ㡣úȣ˵ 
ʲôǱɵӣ˫˫ϣʩչǧȭһ 
һңشȭϹŪ㲻ӭͽȭȭţ 
аܸﶼ˼ǳҲһʹһ 
Ȼмҵ˵Ʒӥ֮ƣ 
ĺıץ֣÷һ޺ȣһ޼Ϯ 
ÿĹڰһ̵ͦȥǿ޼ڵʱýź 
һһصȥ־ոݳ޼һ䣬ͦб 
һģȻ޼ķɣǻھһ顣޼ϵĻȻ 
֮ǿ־Ҳһ 
־վȽŲٶ˵־һǰһݲϽ 
ճǰһһɾ磬ֱţ־һͷ 
գѸƮ磬ͻƵ־󣬺־Ҳʵãδʹ 
ϣһݿգѼбΣչˢɨ̡ϴһ 
ָ֣糯պ־ұۡѨȥ־ 
ƲæӦУ̩һʽţ磬ݺݵɨ 
죬ϸ졣һ˷λѱ䣬ֻȭǰһΣһң 
һ顣书棬Ƿλδ䣬ָȻ˺־ 
ѨֻáǺॡһϽ𵶵ڵϡ 
⼸пʯͬʿʱŸոտ庫־ݣ 
ػܶҪŹЦһϣȻһ 
âԷھһģ۽ķɣ̴ 
һ󶴣Ȼǳǿңڶʯϣһ֦ 
ĶȻʯڡ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬񱳺һһŮ˫˫ڳǰವһ 
γ彣ǰȴݳһɿ⣬ȵǻʦʲôˣ 
κԣ㵱𣿡 
ʱѽ־𣬸ѨδЦվڷ֮ǰ 
ϣòǼվһӡɲȥ 
Լˣͳͬʿ˫˫ϣδһڽ 
âʿҲߣһͷһֻȻһǼ 
ɣͷȱһڣһáһ׳족Ṧƽذɶߣ 
ȲЬЬҲų 
һ亹ϺȵæЩܲˣʿôһȣҲ 
׷ҡȴԲ죬бڷ֮ԣ 
ʱδضԳЦʦԨԴҪһʦ֣۽壬 
Ҫһӣ㵽ԸΪʦ֣ǸΪӣ˹; 
ˣ 
δԽԶĮ⣬ڴɽۣ֮ʦϰʮ꣬أĪ˵ 
֪ڻʦϰĳҲֻ֪ʦ 
ԼԶ£̨ɽȣȻһδ磬ʹɽƷеľ 
УԼһȻһơȻݣԼʦ֣һţ 
漴룺ʹǻʦĹͽܣʮңҲȲ 
ʮ깦α 
³ϺĿӣȻ˵˭ʦ֣Ҫʦ֣ɵ¶ֳ 
ƣֽƷһƣδһҪƷһӡ 
δһЦʽǰͬһʿбɱ 
˵ɱţҴȻˣһʿйԪǺ 
Ѩҷ֮ĵѨƷ֮У쳣Ǵڵһĸ֡ 
룬ȥУԼкôʤˣԼ֣ˣԼҲɿ 
δ·΢΢ףùԪϡ 
ԪղŸδһ֦ЬҲǷŭúܣһʹȵ 
ҲҪֽƷҪȰҲɷ㡣˵ǰɲ 
 
δ֪Լİ̧ϱĹأǰҪһ 
űһ΢ЦðһԴ 
Ԫżһ㣬ңȵ㶷죬Уδ꣬һδ 
硰ѨȥδƷλѨҵһХٿ 
һ絶йԪţԪһеȥδ˫ 
ţһıץϹԪˣȴܣٿһݰ 
ֱšת˫跢һδвµġȪѨһɨԪѨǰﷴ 
Ӳɨ 
־áѽĽгȴһϹţ񣡡־δ 
壬ֻԪѵײײ˳ɿ⣬ɫҰסδȵУ 
Ԫ죬˫һݺݵֹһֻƷԽ 
δٿˣ˿ҡԪһֻ˵ʨӣǿʹƷ 
ȫǰδʮѨ 
Ԫһʱ˸дŭٶˣ֮мܣ֮ӵ 
Ѩ˫𴦣ȫǰʮѨδߣвУԪأǹ 
ȥսƬ̣δشһƷ䣬ֺСܡãչ 
ɽĽַȴָꪣڹԪ˫Ʒ֮Уֱ 
ѰѨԪĶƷĽַס˿ʩչãδ֣ȴͬ 
һѨָҲȫָԪʮѨǡ֮ 
֮ԪǵѨңʶԽԾδҲ桰𡱣ÿһѨ 
ȥʹһѨӿȪѨԪѨиͣ 
ԷռԪܣȫ亹ʪ͸Ա˿ֻıɷɣ״ʮֻ 
 
ԽԽζе£¡˫һǰֻδ 
һȣѸ磬͵ƵԪֻһץץ˹Ԫұۣ 
һԪһһšδڴУԪȥ 
һѽţֻԪ˫գ۽ӲæġѨһģԪ 
۵һ˳³һѪ̱أá 
Ҳ಻ڣ˫δȥδ˫һʣܿ 
ǰ˫һȥδȻӣһ壬ӥӳƵ 
ֱȥϴһһץ˫ãδĵĴһɶߣб 
չ䡣Ϻߡ׷δֹ˫Ŀ 
˵֣ʦ֣Уٲ֪ˣֻһۡ 
ˣӴ˻תɽΣϵȥδ 
ãаɣϽ̤ţ˫ЮžವδŴȥδһ 
񿪣˷۵糸شֻ𴦣ȫ磬ʯڶѻĳ 
Ʒ𵴵Ĵʯ߱һԵҲңĿġͨ 
ŵһѻ𣬻ƷҡҷԱߵ˶źͷƸ 
ѹţ͸ 
˴һᣬȻ˳˾￴ʱֻԲ˫ۣƶһ 
ӡϴһڼ֮⣬һδ˫ƺʲҲңңһţ 
ȭмܸż룬ƷҲմţԽԽʦ 
ʽһͺ־ȶмң翴ÿһͶ㣬ȫ 
ż仯ȻżÿһҲȫǴشӦԷġϳ˵ 
һ©ԷֻҪ΢ʩɱ֡ 
˲һٶУմߣȻֲ¸ߵ͡Աߵۻ֮ 
ʣδҲһȣ͵ˣδѸƮֱ 
һƣȻӥˣһݶ£˫Ƴδֱδ 
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ԭϰʱ䣬δ糤δͯӹСͰѸã 
ʱһϳϽ־ϰ裬 
ǿУȻ൱ҲҪơղδ籾ӮһУҪʩɱ֣ϳ 
ȴڷָϣȻһƴȥٻδͶƸ 
ʯеĹ屦ֻüƣϳƴѹ£ռ˱ˣڱ濴 
ƽ֡ 
ףλδʦܣȷԼߣּŭ»Ѭģ 
ֲϰ֡͵ؼ𣬡Ȼ֣΢Х࣬ɽ 
ѱ֮һǶ̽Ϊã󼺹飩ڽ 
б֣УһɿҪδȽ 
ϰν֣һӶֻһƺ⣬ȻеǱ 
δȫȻˣţ棬ֱһնȥ¾ϣ 
ұۣɽеľ֮УΪĿײȻʶãű 
ҲʹУɨءˢˢˢһδֱɨ 
ȥδ֮Գһһ䣬ϽĽŵɨҲû 
šϸһУδ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ彣ϸȵôֲ 
ˣϾȥıС 
ڽϽ˼ʮ꣬ǷͬСɣһδ򷨣֪Կ 
ѸݵĽԼأʹԼñЦһȻ 
һڽչİʯУʱӿһȦ磬ػ衣δĽ 
ͨУһűϣ˸ݲȥȴйעӣѰϾ 
϶δ 
Уδ齣ˣϴһ̳ͦδ米 
δػתؾٽһãֻǺһͳϵĽţ 
һΪⷬδ綨⣬ͻȻǳţ޽ 
֮ŲҲ 
ԭδһ˳ϵĽвһ飬ֻ 
ԼĽƸճһ鲻ԭʦɼɽ֮ɽ 
һֱ̫еġճ־ 
мң֪ӲҪ齣ضδӰΣ಻ϵֱ 
κΣֻúڹȣ 
ֶֺʯﾲ廨ڵ϶Ƭֻ̣ 
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ȡ 
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ʯڣ߽һȻָһ㣬һ㵹һץ 
ţһͣͳһֻӣЦһʯȥ 
ӣˣӸˣ 
δһ͵һ飬ת׷ǰһ㣬漴һԾ𣬽 
ҲݺݵԺʱǰ񱼣ں׷ϡһ׷ 
һ豦־ܣʱѸǰͷֻԽδ硣 
δṦ׿Ƭ֮䣬ԽͨʯߣʱɾԽԽ 
һӣֱͦɺȥҲѽУõһ 
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һǱٿؽ⿪δĽ 
δ˽ڳ޷ֱƴֵȵˣ˵ 
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ȣסŶδЦɱ˰ɣӡ룡δ 
Ȼ𣬻һԾϱȥֻϸոս˶뻳Уδ 
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δʹṦͷ½ϣ棬һӷ˫Ṵסӱ 
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δ翴һۣ˫ɿɡͳʪ̴ӣδ 
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δͬ£Ȼ䣬ֻáһһըѿ 
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ϳƷתδ磬δĿһУ 
ϲϣʱֻгһƬͱӴ 
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УַɳŰƶץˣ´бУҲ־䣬 
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ͱڣһ̵ˡ־˼ӣ̫Զûдš 
Σѣ־޼ֱ 
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һӰƶ־ҹЯǧ򿪣ڻпδ 
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ӣ¡ƶȥƶɳĸװŵ 
ʱץˣȴǡǾ˵Ĺߣδһ룬˫ 
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Сģһñֱδƽδǧ 
ģŸԽԽߣһһδڵϣԼҲ 
վ޵ñǲ֪ʹɾ 
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Եʮֿ¡δЦұѿˣһ㲻ʲô 
δӲͦŵ˵Ƥ⣬ûʲô˵̴ 
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лΪ׵СģӴ˿ֻм 
Ķ³âϸһȻʧɫеӣǵ 
ˣδҲһʵôⲻǡӡ飬 
ڡû͸ 
ԭعļƣｻʱڡģ 
͵һͬС̴ӣ顣׼·һ˽ٶʱ 
һ˵Ҳ˱֮ģڳΣʱ 
ġӡ׼ȥ׸δȵ·ʱʹ 
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δ統ãݺ˵ӶҪƤ 
ǸǺܲ˼л˵ȻصǼ١ӣδȴ 
ΪǾ˶˵£ǼδأּҪزر棬Ը 
δ磬ǣŷ· 
ͺ־δ߻ʯߣһ˶δ͡Ӵһڵϡ 
æȥôδҵ 
ȡɫĵ裬һ£˵ûСӵǻ𣬻𶾹 
ģеܣⵤɽѩɣÿɽ𶾡ģ 
ݣֽԼЯ˵ҩͿĨδŤתͷƺܲԸ⡣ 
ΪӣЦǽסһֽδ簴ţ˵ 
Ӧ㲻ҿ 
δ۾ͿĨȻ˫ֲһƿҩ࣬ĵϣ־ 
ɣδ緭תӣͷڱϣ˵Ҷ˵ 
ˡĬȻʯ۾綨飬δףã 
ͻȻ˵ǰһӣ 
δЦȻǣ˵ˣ˻գǳªˡҡҡͷ 
ԣҿɿ÷ǳϸǰһúܿһҵһλ 
ˣ־غһδһЦ˵ҸûеݣЦ 
ԭĵľȡŽɣȻ־Ҳض鲻á 
ȻδﲻˣԼ̸һ˵󣬿ʧܶݣҲ 
־ˡһȣҲЦ书ǿϴ 
ִۣ֮䣬û뵽ԭȵĻ⣬־غһ 
 
δ⵶ҸյؽʱһˣҴ 
һŮӣ־͸һҪ˴ȣˣʮ֣ 
ʵĳ˺ʲôϵΪʲôһŮԶԶȥؽǸŮ 
жˣδһ˵֪֮ʧԣæЩ飬ٶ˵ǸŮ 
ֻꡣ־ӿ˵ֻ꣬㡭ûʲô˵ˣ 
˵ɷˡһڱߣ巸ʱˡ 
ǰһۣܲģҲֺ־̬ƺеʧ 
ڶգδƣȻõö࣬Ѿ߶ˣڵؿ 
־ȴչԹЦ糿һȻ˺־ټֻ 
ָдżббĴ֡ 
ǼббĴдһˣأɽ֪ 
֮£ӢпΪɹڡӴ˸ǣء̧ͷһ 
дţܶ˺־ˣȻδ 
Ǹˬĺӡֻ̫֪䡮ɽ 
̾һ۶Ҳ̫ˣҵһҴѱӡǲ֪ 
ηδƳ޷Ѱҡ 
˵־ۣζȥҹԪߣԼ 
һˡδȥԶб߷߲ƽԹ 
սһѡͰѶġѡ䵭һ룬ƽ 
аαм䣬һ·ʯͷǲ±𣬿˯ 
̾ңҺñ߳⡣ 
־ããҲ֪ηŲ֮ɽĿĵܣʱ¶ 
δɣ棬߼䣬ӴӴ¹ԶԶȥֻһͷ÷С¹ɽϪԱ 
ˮһᣬҽС־룺ͷС¹ˮһʧĸ 
׵ȺС¹ǿ˼룬߹ȥ˵С¹С¹ 
ҲǸûѵˣ㲻׬ҺѰɡ 
˼䣬һ޺ֲç֮УܳһֻǮ󱪣һ 
մͷС¹ȥ־ŭС¹㻹ȥ۸Ҳһ 
Ծɣһ֧УֻǾԶǱƤֺȻʹÿŭ 
ȴδС¹ҧкȣҲʹÿ񱼣ǽǮϴȻᣬ 
׷ȥ־ͻȻһǻŭҪӷйһҲʩչṦ׷ڱ֮ 
׷һأС¹ƺ·ܽһССʯߡǱҲ׷ȥ־ 
ں棬ѽһ֧ǮĸţǱӴһڵϣ 
δѸ־о׽ţһ֣ѱӾֶϣ֮˵㻹 
۸С¹һ׽ڣȥֻС¹ǲһ 
ȵ˭һֻһ˽С¹ţõھ 
÷¹¹ףһ־־һڷɵȥ־ 
ܹۿʱֻɣԭոδһУѪܶ࣬ 
˶㵽ˡ 
־ɣĺݶռδŪȻŭϽĳ 
֣ı̡ˢǰƱҲ־յͿɳһ 
ں־ϣһϽ𵶾˻ȥ־ԽŭԾ磬 
һڵϣȴת飬ֻмܡ־֣Ȼɴ 
һһ־Ͻ𵶱޲ţһϣϽ𵶾ַȥ 
ɸɣһޣк־ز־ڵϣȻ 
 
дϲŲǰ벹һޣ߽־ߣȻ䣬־ڵ 
ϴһӱش⧲ͷݺݴмš 
һº޻һδ罣˵ĴڣѪ 
־ڵһԾ𣬺ڵϣ޷һԣʮ־죬 
ϸǼӣŭе˵ʹթ 
˷˫һӽУȥ־Ųܣ 
ɴñʯۻһ 
־˰ЦԭղŰһޣʹڸӴ 
УȴֻԼǰͺϷʱͯСʯһһҲ 
ʹ֪ѽߣһϣĿڣ˼ȭ 
˫Ҳк־вŤһš 
书ɽȳѷһȻҪȺ־࣬δ 
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ſڱҧ־ͷҧһڣʹýгɽƳ 
˺־һŤַ־˹־ʹҪ 
Ҳˡɻ֮˺־ţ־ֲ 
Ӵϣҧɵĺҧʱȴֻҧ 
ͷ־ҧ˼ڣֻѪζֱŻ 
־۵һѿѪ˳ۿʱֻɺѿһ󶴣 
ѪȪһӿֻֻֻԼ־սҲ 
һֿ˫֣վʱֻ֫,п֧Ų 
סҲڵϣףĿ 
ղŸҧ˵ͷС¹֪־Ƶģذ־ 
ڻֻС¹ԼؿĦתҲָС¹ 
˵ˣҲˣС¹С¹úˣ˵֮䣬Ȼ־ 
ҺνԼĿһֱºƬ֮󣬵һůҲˬ 
ࡣҺ¹ѪҧˣָɵˣѪһֱδֹ¹ѪǲѪ 
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־ѹֻһ̲̲ѪѪиһֻССĺӣȻ 
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ƵĶȴ͸ǻҺɫģΧһЩŹŹֵֹ֣ 
ģ־ȻʶӣһӣдϲæѺӸ 
ϣսҡ 
ֻôƶ־ǰǽð֪ԼϾȣ 
ˡߵС¹С¹ҲûϢҲˡȻ÷ǳį 
ԼûйҲûйһпյʲôҲûУԺ䣬 
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Ҳ֪˯˶ʱһֻӶ͸룬Ѿǵڶˣ 
վȻģҲ÷ţֻǾȴࡣ룬 
ȥԼǲ֧ˣǸ޴ӵֻʯЪϢ 
˵ʳأֻһЩʲôãԼֲʳС¹⣬ 
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ǣУڲԣ־ѱϽʯȡʯ 
еһЩľۼһϽ𵶸±⣬ڻԡ 
ܣʯյͨ־̧ͷĿʯϻЩ 
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־ʱֻеüϼƣеĦȭƣеˣ 
ʨеãԳӥŵ֮״ģ̬ǧ 
ٹ֡ԶеĻģ壬еͼֻһĺۼ 
־еģʯڣϸϸһɱʮģѾ 
ȴʮ֮ࡣɱʮ֮УǴ֮ 
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ģһǺǰģһǷġ 
־ͱ֮£űϻϰǰ 
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죬Ѿ졣 
糿Ѿ꣬еľҲվֻȫ 
дϲңȻͽŲʯ 
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еڣ־һ˵ףĺʬζ־ 
ɵʬ廹ûԼʯס˼죬Ѿϰߣ䣬δ 
߽Ȼһ;ô̱ǡ 
Ƭ̣߽ڣȼŻѣռɵʬ壬Ȼ 
һָɵľٷ˵ĪǾǳ˵ģ¾٣˵ 
书ܸߣǸδ约ģ־һ룺Ǿֻ֪ 
δ磡 
ʱ˷Եе㺦ˣĲһ˵˻ 
ãֻδ棡־һ˳еδ 
Ҳʰǣһ־һ־ܹ˫һ 
ȥ 
ǽͷճϸô֮󣬼æܻȥҽĸ 
б󣬽ɵ£ͷ׷١Ƹڸر⡣ͷǡɺͺ־ײ 
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־Ϊػܶ书ԷǷεҲǸ֣Ҽлȭ 
ãϵʮֽܡ־ȥȵֻصķݶ 
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͡־Σ֮䣬ȻԾʹʯƷ˷߲ 
һбŸһתΰת֮ƣ˵ȭͷһ°ţһϣ 
˳ǣ򡱣˺קһ𡱣˺һ缱裬 
ȥײһˣ˴һ㵹־ȥĵˣ 
δ˥Ƽͷ­һ񣬵ʱԽѣ˱أҲײҡҡ 
 
־һе֣ɣ˫һ٣ߣѸƮ͵ĵ˸մӵ 
𣬸־һƴţٶȵûó˽ᡣ 
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Ҳϲáҵ󣬲ſк֣ǣĦ׽Եߡ 
мСעһʽʽʽ棬ͼ񣬵һһС 
֣ǡѧסʶԪ¡־ˣĪſ 
ҲСֱ֪Ħʦϱʱӡ 
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һ˷񣬾ѧġĦһʽ汾ϧ־ֻѧʮʽ 
ӣҪģǰʽȴѧǳ˴ 
Ǻ󻰣߰ݽʷѧҿ֤׽ϴ衯˼ð 
ĦαС˵뿼֤ϽġС˵ԡҲ 
־߳ʯߣֻأɽ֮䣬Ⱥޣ־ʯ֮м 
գ⡣ʱ֮£ɽҰ֮УľΪʣ 
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ƴɽ٣ȥ̽ϵ棬ֻĸʿΧ 
־ˣһУһǰͬ 
Уӵˡ 
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֮ͲסһεǸϵõϲ־ 
кֻʿѳսΧԼЦҵ˭ԭǺܶ 
һʹйٱʣһʹݵһ¶УʵѨ硣 
־ѧ˵֮ǡһת䣬ʹԼŵİϽ 
ԱŵĵѧļգΣʹѧ 
Ͻʮʽʦ˼ĵ֮һһΪһʹ 
糸·ɣҲ˵ֻ˵ıǺűС 
ʹйٱʵģһСɹרѰϾ϶̽ѰѨֻһһ־ı 
򻹾ɶԸˣһжǺ־þҲֻǿƽ֡ 
˰ʱ־Ѹг͵ۿȻѹҲǸոյ 
סз꣬ʹݵһԼʱһ͵浶ߣϽ 
һʹйٱʵϻһΣʹйٱʵΪʹǡն˫ 
һݣʽУϺ־ʮأһ֮䣬һȻ 
˵ļͷһ󶴡 
־תñһƲ־һʹݵһ 
գ־ֻţݵǺһڵϡ־תϽ 
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սţȥԮ 
Žεľ٣־ش˽һ 
Ĵ̽Ѹ֮ʱһ˴̵ϣһ˼״󾪣ִ 
ǹһ񣬺־ػ˴һתƹ˸бӹȥǹ 
˼֣ǹϣ־һ̧һץŵ 
һ֣ʹôظ־ǣһǣš 
־٣õĵƷȫǴʯϵĻѧģÿһ 
ʹЧ־ϲʱп֮ץǸٵƽʱ 
ϰҲùˣҪһࡣһŤ˴еú 
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;̽δټ־ЦҲ򲻹ȥ׷δ硣 
Цүӵ书δ绹ǿ־˭Ҫ͸ñ 
ŭȴһĪĿ⣬ĵҲʶˣһ 
ƣȵȻ˵ʵɣǾټͷܣһ 
лǸԭʶõһѽţĶ־ 
ڣЦˣҡӡ𣿡Ϥ 
ڴ棬ʧӺδתأѰӭʥ 
ɮ£̽ɵټȻɿԶ߸߷ɣǻ 
δġδӵǾҪţƸʯ߸ǻϾ 
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־󣬴ЦѰʥҲģǿ˵Ŵӻͳ 
򿪸һڴϲӣ˵ľ͹ڵߵ 
ͷһ׹Ҳߵͷޡ 
־ôһ֣֪룬Ȼ䣬վӻȡһ 
˿˫ţݵ־ǰ־֪صڣС׹ 
˵ôҵôҵڴ˵Ӵ 
Ĵˣܹǵء־ǫãһ룬Цͷ 
ӦһȥҪֱδ硢档  Ժ߽ɽ¡Ĵʿ⳺桡Ĺȳ  
߽ɽ   
Ĵʿ  
⳺桡Ĺȳ ־ǴԽظԭʱδҲƹԭͷ 
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ʱǶѣʱֺȫİˡһ·϶֡ڹ 
ĮУȴʱȻ¶һֹػһ⡣δܹ 
̸Ҳδܹػִ۸ӵĸУԵìܣ 
棬ȻǾ߾˵ŮкܣڸУҲ֮֩Ըˡ 
ɹδʱѣôأ֮Ϧ 
ǮƯҲʬƯ볤Ϊˣδ 
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롰ȫһǸֲ̹˵ĻɣֻǾ; 
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羰˵ʱϿȻŨˮȴǱ̲һƬ 
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ҰһͬΡδ缱ǰȥʹǴкָգƣ 
ƣ⡣紿ӣһ֪⣬óλ¡ 
δʱȺУƲˣԼδһæ 
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ȺԼҲͲסġмˣųͣɵ 
ʱͻȻһȥȻǴʮֻ񡣵˺Ҳ龯ˣȻΪ 
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ЦһȻڵϼһʯͷվֻЦα 
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һ·ãһ·ƣ֮ߣȻ˴ɣһ 
ҵӺһ֪һҵĶӣСҷ룬Ҳ 
֪ӭǰȥһö𻷣İ 
ȫĸڣǱĸ׻ҪԾһģҴһö 
ʧǣ֪ܣöȫʵʵشңұѨͦסʮ 
ʹʱұ֮˼޲ΪӲΪıңһڴһ 
ŤԾ£ֻҵӴкͶӵĿ 
˽ˣһͣ͵ʹϢͽһ̹ӹһ 
ɽ裬ݹȥʦԵ㶫˵͵˵ͽܣʦҲ 
㣬ҶԵ㶫ɣ 
һн˵ҷʦ֮ӦʦҲûҵΪ 
ʲôֻ˵ҵƽΨһǿУңʦ֮һ 
ݣûãʦ£ҼæȥţҺʦ˲أ 
һͻֽҿߣҹ뿪˽ʲô˵ֻҪҺһ 
ѧ 
˿ɽ裬ȥҺͬ˯ҹд֮ 
ұҪʱŸߺӵģΪҲԸӴ飬Ӱһֱ 
֪ĸסһ֣ʹУİְ֣Ѿ 
ڽ󳤴Ҳøе֣ܺ 
ףøĸףʮһգճദҲͿСʱھ 
ͬҲδϵͷӵڣὫ 
ңٲҲ֪ú˭źãֻܺԼãã 
˫ɱɽұ̾˿Ҳҡɽ֮ʲôҲ룬Ҳ 
֪Ѱĸףֻǰҹʱ̶һڶ߽е 
ɱĸҲܲˣһڻҰܣԼĥԼ 
һѩ׷ɵĶ죬ûþͻ赹ԭҰϣ 
˵΢΢죬һָδ磬δԣδֽ 
ĳ֣һӣƴ㴩⡣ŵδˣзܺõ㡣 
ڴѲӣǿɲСɧˣ 
˵ѩϻҲ֪ʱ򣡺Ÿ˾ 
ѡԺʧ˼䣬Լֺˡ 
ðԺ˵ɡҽľһһ 
߸źͺˣֱϲ˵治֪ 
Ҫθлźã 
Ҳ翴ðһڲ裬˵Ҽˣ 
ڽսˡ㻹Ǵæ 
ڽҹҵڶʡҲɣˣҲ 
ĸһðҡΪ˾ֱ幬ʿǰľ޵˱ 
塯ԣͬȣȻɱҲŪɲзϡ 
һͷһðֵҵʹģԾ£Һ 
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ȣ˰ְѸʦ־ѣҾ͹ȥʱȻأһǸ˵ 
ܣʳʶ̡ҸʮҶǺ˯һҵġ 
૵ôѵֻǹ򸾣Ҳ˵˼ 
Űףĵֲղ˵֪һЦ˵ 
˼죬ˣʱΪأܶкֻڹ 
ҡ֮󣬲źʯݡ 
Ǵط꣬һ·Ҳߺ˵һУҲ 
Ҳţóһǰʦ֣ 
ҵġд÷ǳУһ˧ݣǻˡ֤ʵֻ 
ǶԹޡ 
˵˴ָŻͷҪһżһ棬ʱ 
Ҿֱ˴˲ʦֶҶأȴʵڲˣҪ 
չ𣬾Ϊ˱㽫ӣһǹģм̹𡣵 
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ǵҸǼ滹մ㼸Ѫ˽ӹһ 
ŵһֱʮ꣬Ž棬Ǹһ 
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Ҫδʱ򣬲ضʡӺȻ㿴ô 
꣬ǲصúúõģ 
˰ѻչʮĵҡΣһʱֻģ 
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Ȼڻֳһͼͼֳһٲٲľͷˮһ죬 
һɽǰ棬ɽʯŽգлֳ߸֣ʮ˲ 
ǳʲô˼ȼյ÷ǳѸ٣֮ΪҽðĬ 
У׼ػ档 
Īԣʵôģð˵һ 
ҰݣճɻҺ󣬺ˮȣдּ֣ԣһٻ¶һЩܵ 
ᣬùҰݣƳīˮＫܵżֲݺң÷ 
Ҳ֪ 
˵֣ϵʦģͼȴʲô˼ 
ҲҲδ˵Դӵ֮ԽĬ춼ѵ˵һ 
仰Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򻭵ģ 
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ө֣˱ҵ뵽Լ޿ɶϾ˼ 
䣬ԶӰɳ۶ 
δаؾ˵ˣҿǵоһ 
ڲç֮Сÿ죬ǰֻһ˵˵ͷ 
ڽ󣡺ҲֻһƵéݣһ˵Ⱥа취 
ˣ˵֮䣬뿪δɵءδ簵һС 
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һ۶ϡҶܿһϸɷơƮƮڵϣأ 
ĿĹˣδ粻Ц 
˻ϵѣ̸ָʽ׽Ūʲ 
ôӢۣδЦվ˵Ҿﰡ˭ǿ 
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ӹֻ֣Ṧ֮ȴѷδ磬ⷬδ簵пϣһһ 
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һһǡֻáδĺᾢպָ糯˽ָ 
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˫ָһ˺һƬ 
պԼȵʲôˣδʲôˣԪʱ 
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պ˸ȦҾ˵޵ҡʿ˾¬Ǻֵѣ 
һưˮҺδһֵ֪пڣһƱʱ 
һҲأ粻ƴ͵ôӦзݡҷߡָ֡ͬ 
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Ԫָδλɽâδ硣ص˵ 
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˾λĶ¬ӡδһ֪˶Ĵ쵱 
ĽɫԼͷȴδĴֲԼ֣Ҳֻ 
֮ȴ֪һҹ֮䣬ôλֵָˣлһλԸֽ 
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Ԫֵλǹͷѣ˵ͷз 
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ǼԳǹѣȴǼʯ̫̫˵ 
˵˺ŵڲ²µĹͼŲһƬ 
Űν˵ѵʲôӵδҲסӭ⣬ֻδ 
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Ԫʹ˾δڽСʯ̫̫죬ǳһ˵ 
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ǽȥ˵պὣſһվ 
Ԫʹ˾ǹ֮ʱʶˡԪһɽ 
ͷ죬ʱҲĺ˾һν·ͨǴνǢϧ· 
ʱǹĹӡ 
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Ӽ䣬¬ӵʯɩҽ¬ӣ 
ܹĶ䣬Ҳ߶Źٳһϯƣʯڴ˴Сܽȥ 
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ʯĸ״дҶݥͷ⣬Ÿ¡һҲı࣬ 
˶ҶݥкøСʯɽʱҲءԳǶϲ֮һʮ 
꣬ʯ͹飬ȫˡ 
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һ컢һ챪ֵܣԲݺİ洫⹳Ϊһ 
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· 
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ԳɡҲͬնֻХɽ֣ѣٱ 
ˮˮʱТƽҪʿԣշǿ 
Ը⣬ʯҲûʲôĽ顣 
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ΪѣϣҽˣǣҪһЩʵ 
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ҰɣûгˣҾ㣡˵գ 
һ㣬ٲڣһʿǰ档ŹЦã 
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˽иˣǳɣȺ˵ֲ㣬 
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˵̿ɣһ˵֮δȻȵƨ˭ѣ 
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Ȼǰһصǲδ磿δȻ˵ 
չЦʿֵǿˣλǴɽâδ磬ҹ 
̨ɽӣȫķݣδ磬㣬ǿɲ㣬ԹԵظ 
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ԭƸ֮󣬻ؾ棬͢δͼ񣬷ַأΪͷ 
շȽʯɷ򸾸ΪҪ͢öġ֮У 
־ϲѽɢ֣ƽ޵УӪͳĵλϳ 
ϻؾ󣬿ȴλø˳ϣͳųбȥմΪ 
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֪Σ»طֽ⡣  Ժ߽ɽʮһ¡һŮĻ񱦽Ⱥδļƽ  
߽ɽ ʮһ  
һŮĻ񱦽  
Ⱥδļƽ δһ򷨣ǲأһһĳս 
Ⱥ֮ǰʾѣȻɣδ罣üһ 
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һ˵Ц˵ʤЦɣʱЦó 
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常˵Ӳ򽲾һˣǿ£ 
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Ʊһӣգȳ˿ڶʹУ 
оյһһŽšŵǰһ𣡡 
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֮ʱձȵðܣţ軹Ǹʵʵһ£ͬڵϹ 
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绢ƵգҰϡڸֿȻ岢δӴȴȸղŵ 
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սּʣд·磬ͻȻһ˫Ƽ˶Է 
һʱƷͻȻһ䣬Ʒ緢ûǰÿ 
ÿʽǺδ£żƷ津ֻԷģȻȴм 
ǱԼһͬСɣæ㾫ƽභ 
ƵھӥצӲԭ常ڱŵĴӥצ 
⣬ԶʮĿ๦Ϥڼơж߼ޣ־ϳ˹ģֻ 
һ룡 
ʱδֵܣҲû쳣δһһֵȵ 
ͷ󺺡ʩչƽѧʹľ⹳ľϵ޷죬 
Ƕšˣ׻·硣δĽǺڵһڣ΢Խ 
֮ʵһ֮⡣ 
δɽֵܺų־ѧ⹳пѷı 
ԹһȺˡ¬̾ıȽ 
ѵöؿֻϧպϷ̨Ǳߵıƣֵ漣޲ܶһ 
 
·עĿս֮ʣδֵܣѵǿ 
еĵز챪ʹһСὭضһնֹδ಻ϵĹ 
ƣδ硰ٺ١潣ߣѸƮֽһ챪 
¡컢˫δ米ϣδһšһ컢˫˿գδ 
УѸδһûǰأͬʱ챪δֽԺֱ͸ǰġ 
δ½ϿѪĹˣХɽȶӦơȺ 
˺ȻոǴʧɫ 
ʱ£ӥצã˫𴦣ȫ磡 
սʹƼƣһС絶ֱȥǡȻǰһ 
ײ񡱵һ˹һƣҲǰָ繳˹ 
Ťվƴżˣͼȡʤʩչַѹ 
ܣЮʡֵ˺Ϲɥδ罣£֪ǵ֣ 
ŹҪЮδ硣 
֪ǳ˵յ֮ƣ׹Σңұһ 
ӲȻ֣ҲŤҲţһȭǡ顱 
һ°ͣաۡһѪֱȫ 
飬ʹķΣֲܲɿ󵹷ȥ 
ðĹһһƽ֮ʣȻһУ 
һվʱǡð꣬дϲһץץȥð 
ӭһѶɰպܣǶƤ֮ڣɰǷ 
ȥһץץ£ðɱһֿ۽𻷣 
뷢䣬Ͷȵַ׷ȥձ󣬴е£ 
һ 
Ц񱼣ұ˳ְ˫ˣδͦ׷ϣ 
·֣ҲԾظ׺ݵ飬ûһ˸ڳ֡ 
˲Ϣ֮䣬׷ɽ꣬ǰȻʡʱգˮ 
ףɽһٲֱ£ڹȵ׻һˮ̶ˮ̶һɽٲ 
ΧʯһƬˮɽ֮ǰƹһˮӳóɫĲʴ 
ޱȣ˭Ҳ羰Ҷһԣֻǰ׷ 
δѸ֮ԽȺʱ׷˹಻Զһ 
Ĺ򣬵еҾһֻδ 
һ֦ɽâ󺧽еʲôҪֹǲ 
ΪЮðڻһʧδİַ쳣֦ɽ 
âȫ鷢ðΪƢһУһ֦âǸ 
ðٵžһұѸâʱʹǣһ 
ɣðڵϡնδ֮߳ﻹ˵˺ð 
ǰһɣƴ񱼣 
δһԾǰðһģ⿪Ѩ΢ЦŶ׷ 
ظ㣬δˣɷ˰ɣ 
շ񱼣ұʹ֮⣬Ȼ־ȫ־Ժһͬ 
Сɣ𣬸ղǰɰӣȻιġӡ 
ŵϣδ׷亹ֱҲҵ״̬֮У 
·ȻһԾɣٲɵˮ̶δһһ֦ɽâԺ 
ձ޿ɱܣȵǰһ壬Խɽˮȫ֮ 
ϣžһƿһƻɽʯͷϡյĽмʮ깦ƴһ 
˵ľˣֻ£ʯ¡һʯĿ˰ȣԭ 
ǧʯդһסڸϣʯҲͿˡյõù 
ͣҲʯŷϣٲһ壬޵̶£Ƭû 
δ·ָϵ̶֮ʱֻˮ̶ϼȦƣ⵴棬Ҹ 
֣˻š 
·̶֣ǰĬȻĿһĶǵĶսĿղ 
ʬ޴棬Ŀɿڴидã¬¿ããӺ 
ʰˣ˾δۣδձԹ 
⹦֮ǿƲĺ֮£񾹸δ缸֦ 
ɽâ鴫޴ȴԲµµ۾ʯ 
ðʱ껺ˮʴһ㣬ӳԣ̶Ӱƣ 
ʤѩȻһͼ 
һðⲻ常ڻµͼð 
˵һ㲻ˮͼеڡ˵ֽδδ 
ϸЦҲţƤðһ죬˵ 
˵¡ 
ٻֳͼ֮£δ粢֪ʱʯ̽Ѳӣ 
ðϸ˵һ飬Ŀ˼Ƭ̣˵ǰͼʯҲ 
֪бضмҪ£Ǻβȥ̽̽ðϵ 
ʮ߸֣ȴʲô˼Ҷһ¡δҲʲ 
ôţҲָļλá 
ʱȺڸעӣ˽ཻɫüɽկ޴Ե 
Ľһˮһδ硣 
עӣ˼֮ʣĹϿաءһӹһ֦ 
֦޴͵վ鴽Хδ죬յ󣬹ֳһ 
ձˣòȻªȴܱۣ֮¾Ƭ͵ 
Ⱥ֮ǰ޴ϲӭȥе磬ˡ¬Ӻʹ˾Ҳ 
кպꡢԪ䲻ʶˣ޴𾴣Ҳųӭӡδ硢 
ðȴǶ̶ߡɫϸ⼸ֺۺձ˵⡣ 
ձˣ˲δһˮƮɽſɫ 
ţ޴ͷ˵͵ܣطˣ˽ȥ𣿡޴ҡҡͷ 
˾һȥһưˮˣҺ¬ָָδǵ 
Ǳ߻Ҫأ˾ǲ֪ûǵķݣδ伫飬Զ 
Զִֺڻ˵ʲôˮȣ룺ѵɽﾹʲôر 
ЩħͷȺ˵أߣ 
˾޴աŶ˽ȥձ˺Ȼ˵һ˽ȥ 
˭ȥģһ룡޴һԾ˵ȥһݣ 
ɿˮ̶ðٲˮˮɽȥȺδ 
ˣҲվվľƴ֮꣬һ󣬺 
ɽһУ˶ʱֻ޴ͷɢԡѪɽڻй 
мױ޴Ҳ˼ˣȻ嵽̶ߣʩչһ 
׳족ṦԽˮ̶̶ж֮࣬󣬹Ѽ˰ 
գͻȻһ飬׹̶ġ¬Ӵһһһֱȥӵˮ 
̶룬øϣһУȻ޴ţͬǱ˰˺Ȼкáδ 
ˣҲ¬ӵṦѵ¯֮ 
¬Ӻ޴ʮˣ˶ʹɱԽֺǿ 
¬˴дҶݥĽ̻壬ʽ䣻޴ȴ䱾еļ 
ֺ֮ҲʧԽԽ̰ƻխ¬ӷֵ𣬵Ȼ 
ˣ¬ӻǼ飬Σȳվ 
¬˱˰ͷһദˣѪȪӿϢ 
ĬȻ˵޴磬㶨һ񣬵úҪ£˵սЮв£ٴ 
ʩչṦˮ̶ 
ߣȺ̽¬˾ҪһЩϰҩϼˣѪ 
ֹԻԣ֮󣬿þˡ¬ĬȻ˵ 
޴ѱδͻȻӻȡһ̵ҩ裬ݹȥ 
£¬ӿһۣδɽѩɵı鵤˶Ҳ 
סȺ˶һɽѩ˼ѵ֮ϰҩʤ࣬ҩֻ 
ˣ˶ҽΣϲδƼˮֱ꣬ҩ¬м 
޴ּ֮Ƭ̡ʿ˾еô۶ϵ 
ǼʮҪĶԪǻȥȥձ˳Σ˵ 
ٴ 
δߴߴ̸ۣϵ֣˼䣬ȻðӯӯŹ 
δ磬˵ȥԪ룬ȥ 
֡ҲáĴָ˵ţȥ̽һʧ¬ȴе 
㻹ٴһ 
δðһۣ۹ţһ˵Ҫ 
һԾˮ̶ 
ðҲԾˮ̶δ磬ƮԽˮɽ֮ǰð 
һδֻ˼ˮ飬ҲֻعһЩˮ㣬ֻԼ 
ʪһƬԼ渵ѧգṦĵãͷͨҲԼ 
ϽһȾͱȥˡֲδÿ򣬶˳뻯 
ľء 
˵˶ǰͣ²δὣڶڣԹƿʯţ 
ǿϸһ㡣Ӧã˫ʯһƣ 
ʯŵʱƶֱĵǽߡʱŴ󿪣⣬ˮ 
̽ӣֻʯ˷ʯңÿʯ֮䣬Լеŵ 
еŸìЩʯ˵ι״ò϶գ˸Ӹе 
ؿɲ 
ϸʱּϹɢңһЩ۶˵ìͷĵʱſЩʯ 
ϵıֻʣ°ءʯмͨȴǿտʲôҲûС 
룬ʯģģҲ 
δΣԹð˵ҿлأʯ˶ܲݶ 
ġϵĹ޴ղŽģЩ۶ϵìͷ͵ 
ʱƴϵġӦСһ㣬Ҫ޴ĸޡƳ 
ȻضǳЦ 
ð΢΢һЦڵϼ𼸿ʯͷ˺󼸲ʯͷݸδ 
㰵ַ׼ͷԽһʯͷڶߣڶʯͷͨһ 
Զ֮ʯͷھڶʯͷһԶ֮ʲô仯ֽй 
̽ߣǼý򡣡δʯͷһ 
鶼ûСðĿ顣δֻʯ䴦һ 
ͻȻ䷢һǰ䣬֦ڣδ 
ѸδƷ䡣 
δȻ˵ð㷨ʯұߣӦǰͷ 
ʯͷû£ͻᴥˡԡ˵ڵϼʯ飬򶴿 
ȥϵһŸոأɻƵӭ 
Ȼֽδ䣬ԱһܣѸƮ 
磬ܹ·˫裬׷۶ϣϡ 
δüЦðߵ㷨ˣұȴֲԣô 
أðʮ˼飬һ󣬺Ȼ˵ԡ 
ԣֻ˳ˡδأðʯ 
ǶһԾʯ֮䣬ȻĲ 
Ĳû£ǾͶˡʯͷԡδԱԣһʯͷұ߾붴 
Զ֮Ȼû¡ڶĿÿʯͷ֮һ 
ȫ״ðϲеȫˣʯͷһ 
δȥȻһһԶû䵽 
ˡ 
δ㷨ұĲ֮ҪԾ·ʮ 
ȻתԲԣðͷӦ㷨δڵ 
һʯӣַһȥȻ·ʮԡδЦ 
ˣǽȥɡðԺǻҪһʯ˵λãǷҲҪ㲽 
δ罫ʯºʯ˵Ĳ棬׷׷ɳ׼ʯǰ棬Ҳ 
ûδ˵ȫŪˣʯ֮ʱܴӲƹӦ 
ͷԽֲ̫ԶҪպʯǰһźԭ㷨ð 
ˡʯͷЩʯˡδѡ񣽸ʯˣһʯȥֻǸʯ 
ͻǰ㣬еĴһն£նڵϣóϷһᣬת˼ת 
Ըԭ״ðЩʯ˿áδЦҲҪǹʯ˾ 
ֻһӣֲ߶ܿˡȻҪ鷳ǲĺá 
ڿԽȥɣδˡðС飬Ȼͨ 
ϵðҵҪȻԲĪ˵ͨˡʯͷ 
׼ˡЦð㣬лˡʯͷ׼ѣѵõ 
ڼַȥһССʯӣŵʱ͵һ̤һ 
ܼ㵱һʯӣԵó𣿡ðЦ֮ˡ 
ǽȥɡ 
δһǰ̽ðм䣬ɽ˼ 
δһԾʯʯ֮䣬ʱð̤һվδԭ 
λãδңңԣǡǡһֱߡ 
δʯ̤һֵĺȻ𣬴ѣ 
Ҫ֮㣬ǡôṦѵ 
210¯֮ȴǲܡðֵذɣ 
Һȥ̽ҲˡðһЦ۹עԼǸмǺЦ 
˵ģ㹦һС˵գˤ˹֣һԾȻ̤ 
δóĿλϣṦȲ衢ˣҲѾǵһˡ 
˰աʮĲػ߽ñ㵽ɽ֮δ 
ۡǰУںڰԽĵһᣬֻǰδ 
һգϸϸһԭʮ޺ÿ޺һɶߣʱѾ 
ʯľͷˡ 
ղ˴˿ǡվڼ֮ǰδȡö 
ȥΣԴȥδ硢ð̽ÿ 
ߴö𻷣״δɽбĻһڷ̳֮ϣ 
޺֮ˡһз棬ʱ񱦵ˣ 
ġΪʲô֮أ 
ðü룬˵ŹֵúܣбĻǺܱ 
ģҪ˲̧öһŲԱ룬ۣǱͲ 
أôͣͣһͣ˵ȻֻҵĲ¶֮ʡ޺ 
ǰ棬ûлأǾһһ쿴ɡ˵δͷ쿴ȴأв 
˫Ŀע޺֪ʲô 
δոߵϸϸ쿴ʯľ޺ÿ˫Ǻģȥ 
ӲʵɡͨԺ޺޶¡ðڱ 
쿴Ԫ״δְһ޺ῪȻðе 
ʲô 
ԭðڲ쿴޺֮ʱżȻͷһճյڵУ꿴 
񣬶Ҳֻɲֱմ˲ 
Ϊʲôϸķԭòһ޺ 
һϤˣȥ벻𣬺ϸ䣬Ȼ 
ǵ괨˧ͳŲĴ常 
֮ãءðΪɲʵǣǡǡ 
𽥻ָ֮Уͯ飬Ҳǵˣ 
ϲֱ֮ŷҡ£еǵ 
𣿡ƴųһĻĶỬһ˫һ 
㵹ݳȥոԽıԵһҼҵṦ׿Ÿ 
ʵأ𣬼ǰݣδ˫뷢һʯҼϣ 
ǰԾ֮ʣһ·ͻȻɳһ׹⣬δ 
һ֦âȥţ׹⻺һȻʱѳưγ˫ 
ȥֻһ֮Լѳȫضϣǵ׹ҲѶڵϡ 
ʱδðһͬϵֻһ֧ƽǽĶһڵϲ 
ݣխΣ̡𽣱׽ֻ 
һȻһȦʧ˵ʲôУδ 
˫Ź⣬ϲе͵ܣֱΣ 
һŶ߳һӶֻˣһҲû 
ĸоһ󣬽˵ôѽ֣ 
ðɴæʵȱǲǱǵǰ 
𣿡ʲôǵˣСʱҲǵ𡣡ָһָ 
˵ܵδʵĸһ 
ĸ 
δϲˣýҿݹδ۾һָ 
ŽϵСֵ㿴дʲôԱǰͣ 
Ӣݡðô彣ˣֲֻΪʲ 
ôҪС֣ѽλɽ֮˶ҸֵǣͻȻɳ 
ĻʲôɽɣδɽǾеġɳǹ͵ 
ģţ 
δڵʰ֦Ϊεâ˵ɽâ־ 
ַǸΪΣѱڳϵ֮ϡ˵ߣ 
֮ǰðıδָһָ̳ϵһ 
ǿʲôһֻһһ֪Ǽв 
ģøյõıһ壬һõĽʡδЦ⽣ǿԾ 
ģԿһԣȻ顣 
δΧ쿴һ£ѽΧ 
ղһ֮ʱɣʼˡ 
ĺ֪ѽδɽѧ֮ʱʦ 
ı˵һѡԽɶ 
彣ѽöİ׽𣨲ɣ⣬ԵΧ䡣ɳƵ 
ǡָᡯѽɱӣ鳼κͺ 
ѽͲ֪䡣벻ھڴ˴֡ϵ֣ԼΪ 
֮󣬾ͽĸ棬Ӣġ˵ġǰ͡ǰ; 
ָȻҳ常˵ǿµİ 
Ľǵ䴫ˣʹѽĽڣҪ 
˰ɡδЦ㷢ֵģӦС˵һǱԽĻҺѧ 
ͬѧĽһͨĽԵеסԷıҪ 
ûȴкô䲻ѽǾߡԺ 
͸ʵ˰ɡ˵ֱʣҲͲá 
ڹδ۽֮ʱںȻַֻ⣬δĹļͷ 
׼ѽɣˡϢԴֻмӰԾ 
һᣬ͵˷֮ǰһձ˺һǴ˾һȴ 
á 
ԭδȽ˶ڣȺǽšãδǳ˾ 
봳ȥԶпŴ˾æ˿· 
Ǳֵ֤ 
Ԫ¬ӶʱֻһϺѺͺк˵ 
ˣͺðˡ־ǵɣЭɽصˡ 
º߽ܣȺ֪˾ʮǰֽ˺򷽡Ƹְ 
书ҲܲҲȺ¸ʵλ 
أڽɽʱǷ·ġȥͷȴ 
Цʱ¹ͷ赲ʴ˱Լ֣˭֪֪Ѿ 
ˡ 
򷽵֪ˣԼٷݡ˾Ȼͷ 
Ȼˣ»谭ղŽɽǸʲôɽâͻ꣬Ӳݿ 
ڹ֮¡˶һЩб޻¬ӵÿ˷һݺˡ 
ʱյȷ֮ûм衢֣͡һЦ 
ȭĻ˾ŭ˭˺£ 
Ǹ֣Ҳӡͼһ˽ȥ򷽼æ˵Ҫ 
̽ӣ˶ȥҲãȥɣ˾һƬ⣬ǸСһã 
˵ͷʿ˾ԾˮƮɽ 
ϤлأȻ֪߷һʹ˵̳ǰһ 
ȥĦһΪѾܣ˼һԾ 
еıͷȣͷ£ðִɣʮּӲ 
һԱ͵쳤ֻõһǸȵʱȥһ롣 
һһȻŭȺһɨ𶯣ǰʮ 
һƽԾ𣬱ܹ̣Խһ䣬ͷ£ 
ݽеľСչĦơȷȻѸѼȻܲ뽣Ӵॡ 
һֽȥһΡ˫Ѫ죬δʵأæáħȷеľУ 
Ǹ¡ббһԾǽضһѨ 
δգȵ˾Ṧһͷһ֮ݳ 
ȥðУѵһ֮ԣƲнŷ 
ꡱһѷֱֱ۵£⣬ͷһֻ 
Ƥĳ𡣲еЩǽ޺ 
ձ˺Ц˵ǵģʮ޺ǻƽɣ֮ 
죬ǿɲɣδȵ˭ˣָԼı˵ 
ۼңǸҹȥ 
δЦһ˹˵ձ϶ϣǿԷָ㼸 
ײĵıǮŭδ߹ͻȻһƣǷҡҡڰڣ 
󵹡δһ˫һ¡һϡǴһ 
ѷƵ˭֪ȴδһ֮ǿࡣ 
񵹺ֳһֻУδ򿪽Уóһż㣬̽˹ 
ߣԽâ䣬űض˵Ĺȣᴭ߽ 
˾ʿ˾ȴվڵУ޳֮⡣ 
δżһֻд֮֮꣬£ƹǨ 
߱ȥ޹֮ںһּ֮֮Իƽ 
ʮǧʮ޺ڴ˶֮ʿΪ֮ʡȡ˽ߣ 
칲 
ƽӱ֮ǰǲղصġָ𣬴 
ҵţ۾Ǻ׷ɱĹƣ֡ʱ 
֮ԭµĴ󽫡Ϊۿġ֮ 
ʱһŭ֮£鱦䴨ʱмשУҳ 
ƽϷǲʹرӦñƽʵǱ 
ˣһϢԶ˵ӱҪ²ƸͬھСȴ 
ƽ𣬿ҪȥٵҲУõ˵ȥ 
ڴĽ鱦ƽļֵ֪߳ٱｫ㶫 
ڣ˶ġҲˡԸݵ 
ӵֱ֮һ·׷ֽ֪صĻ 
跨ղءһʮǧѡĸˣ 
ÿѪģĲй©˾ͽɹ죬ܽƽ˽ɽȣڶ 
ʮ޺ 
ϵලһٶһ๤ǲؾУֻʣ߸ 
沼ûأ򷽾ǲµɽ֮һձ˺ǹĸ 
֡̽ӽ֮ʣǲȥ֪ܣʱ 
Ͳֲ˵˶ʮꡣ 
ʮǧƽغ֮󣬹ɽҲصУ꼤սֱ׷飬 
ʣµļ޼һЩҲɢˡ 
һΪ͢ΪؽѪģδ 
֮ǰʯҲ֪긴һ꣬ʧۼ͢ѵֶԭص 
δ򣬹Ŀɽߣ̾ڡڻ 
ͼԭ̹֮󣬽ܸȥͼıպðͼ 
ȡؽȴƽղʯζԹ粨ԶߣҲ 
ɽ 
˵Ӵʮ꣬Ҳһҵ˴ 
ۣ֮·ָ֣𾴡ͼ£Ҳ͵ȡؽ𡣲ϵ 
µһgͶüɽկ޴£Ȼ̰ؽ֮ 
¸޴ȥȡǵյ֮һ޴˴ϲ԰ 
ţ󺫾˵ǳһ漤𺫾Ӣ۴֮ģȡ 
ֳưԣһһۣһĸ 
ˣϺͿƽˣԼȡ̸ɵйȻҲ̰ 
޴һ·Լ֣׼ȥԸ 
أ֪ģȴҲ©Ĵ书ǿļԼͬص 
Щ˺޴һʲô־ֻȡؽ 
ǱԱҲʱΪղأӢġ 
Ͱϵ䣬ΪΪ˼ܳ 
òǱɲɣҲڹС 
δ翴֮󣬶ԲؽˣǣźٵһЦ 
ʧʧԭƽˣôˣ 
˵ѿ飬벻Ȼ˼䣡 
漺ͨ죬ŭģҲģҺͬʱ 
޻ڳ̡ô˵ҺմһߣϼδЦ 
ͬǸˣ㵱Ȼ֪˼δ 
ȥȵƾ裬ǿɲСδ־һڽâǸ 
ֱɻȥ˵ҾҪ㣡æһȽӻУֻ 
ͷǶ糤һƼǼĶһ룺СӾȻƾϸСİ 
ܽҵİͷȷײ⹦ǷͬСɣȻҪӮԼǺ 
ˣֻԼжʵδеûƽ 
͹ֽףƢбӡҲԱδԡ 
ʼղؽ֮µˣ֪ÿ޺ǧİٽǧǳ 
ٽƤֻܽ޺ҡδȴܰ޺Ƶϣʤһ 
æ˵ҪȻҲڶбȻǻءǵȥף 
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˾ѽαΪƽ˺ȥͬ飬һˮ 
Ⱦʵ˾γ뽫ƽָδ磬ֻ衢ˣֵ 
У룬ڶж֣Լ׼·磬絽˵ 
δ罫ֽУ˵ѽҪҲҸõطȥɡ 
룡һԲšʮĲ򶴿ڱһ˸Ҳ 
档 
ԾˮȺ׷Χϣ߿ڰ̽򷽵ƽʮǧ 
ȫ棬ǲ˾ƽˣֻôַǿɻú 
̸̸Ԫ߸˶֪شصظģǵȻз 
ˣ¬ӽ˵˵ȻҲһݣǾͰʮ 
ˣҶҪ޴˷ֹڵȽΪ˴ˣ 
ȣɵøݣһ̽ǵȻݣ 
һȥ͸һ٣ֵƽɲַ 
ȺȻʵôַָһָ򷽵˽񣬻 
裬ÿ˸ռݡÿһݣλϵһģȻ 
δҲһݡǱλˡ 
ָһָδ磬˵յйأֻܺһݡֻײ 
ģַ 
޴ʮֲ˼ˣֵֻһݣδ¶ѣȴҲҪռ 
һݡѪֹҿ˾Ҳ˵ȴ¬ 
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֮ȵã˾ȻδǵĶ֣뼤ŭδ 
ԣ֮ҲŵãһԼδз 
ƽ֣һţټ֣ԼɳԲˣ¸Ц 
ãǲʶǮС£Ϊȣ¬˵ģʮݷֿ˾һ 
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һȺʧɫǹðҲв죬룺ôһԣ 
Ҳƽˡĳһδ䣬˵Ҫôƽʲ 
ôδ˵ǱܡҪƾƽշħͷһ׮¡ 
δҪռؽȺ⣬һʱ䶼˵ּδ͹ 
˽ΪԸǣŭ¬ӱǸмδģ 
ҲܲΪȻ룺ɽâԭȻļһ 
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ȺȻеѽŹأδ緭Ű飬һЦ 
ǺڵĹءƽȷֵģһˮǲǷȣǿɵ 
֮ʱͬײϣǿҪߣзݡ 
ɵڳߵͬ⡣ǲͬ⣬ҪֲֵĻǾֻ 
ˡҪзݺԭڳߵľܾߣ㲻Ϲءδ 
ԣȺս 
¬ӸδĻһأڿڣ䲻δҪǿռֲ 
Ըδƴ˹һߣĬȻ˾˫ͨ죬Ц˵ 
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˭Ҫұԡ۱ּҵҶ㡣Ƕļÿҵע 
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ҪȺŹҲɷ㡣 
룺ÿ˶ж书δǿҲܾͨҼҵ 
ȺŹ㡣ڳĶǳ֮ȻȺŹ 
ǰѱɾͿסеıУ¬룺ȷֵʱıȣԱ 
ȫҲͬ 
δȺѴʣ΢΢һЦ¹أһʯһվ 
˵λϣ˾һ˵Һһ 
Ϸ 
δ籧ȭ˵ʲôϷ˾һѣ¶ͭɫļ˫һ 
Ǹ죬˵һ׽İϷȸҴȭҸϢ 
ȭʱҲṦܣҲȭˣү˾ҵ 
һ֣ͭƤǣľƽǹ岻룬οȭͷδ 
ȭҲˡȻˣȭҲ¡ 
¬ˣʿ˾˵ռˣҪȴȭδһϴ 
ӦȻδⲻƽ˾ȴȭҴȭ֪ 
δ粻˼˾죬ͣ˵ȥⲻƽҺαضռ 
ȭҲҪϢȴȭٻȭˣ˾ŭ룺 
ңеǱԣ 
δǿʯϵ˫ȭһ죬ҲеʯͷϱҪ 
õö࣬˭ҪʯͷҲˡ˾һǿʯͷվ˵ 
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˾Լʯͷ϶ռһЩطԼʮ꣬ 
ܹӣŭ죬һҲվˣһһȭȥ 
δͦӭֻáһľδ絥ڵҡ˼ҡ 
һȥʱδվΣѽһЦû 
ţ 
˾һȭƴһȭͷʹҲҡβ 
ֻעδ磬ûǱ࣬ȺǴһ 
ԭȭδӲľδδؿҲ 
ʹúһת֪֫ûˣһЦ 
һȭˡܶȭɣ˾һԲһȭδС 
֮ȥδ΢΢һ࣬˾һȭ޴ʹδ 
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ȭɣ˾˫ۣŭһ˫ȭ뷢δͻȻһ 
գͷ䣬⣬˾˫ȭֹ֮ǧδһ 
̤ʯ˿ȴ磬˾ȭͷˣȴδ縹 
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˫ֶڵģɫ磬˫̤ʵ˾ԣЦֵҷ 
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죬Ŷ룺δ繦ȻտҲδƵ 
Ĺ˫ʯϣеɣδ΢΢һЦһȭ 
ֱеһȭˣ 
˾ͻһͷǰһײδ硰һߣҲһɴ 
Ľȭͷһգ˾һȭ֮ʣáճӴ 
δ΢΢һȵվˣ˾ͨ죬ǿ 
ΣһԲ 
ԭ˾һȭȡɵȭȭǹ涨˷ȭʱģ 
ͷǰһײʵǷֻ֣˲Ƿ档 
һȭڼճҲֻĸв졣룺 
鴫ȻȡɣҲҵҪ΢΢һ 
ЦŸһȭͷеڶȭˣ 
ش˾ȡɷӲͦأӭȭδһȭʯ 
ȭͷУһ˾Ҳǧһǡߡһҡ 
£ͦšδȭõӲ˾ȻҡΣˣǲ 
룬˵ڽ֮ϣҲһѽˡ 
˾ӹȭԶȺ֮ǰ̻ӡǿ̬ЦϷ 
ϣ⼸ͷӲʣ㻹һȭɣЦδϣδȻ˫ȭ 
в˾һ򣬲µѨΡӿȪѨʮѨ֮ 
һټδνܵסֻȫԣö߷һƮƮ 
ֱȥ¬վھͽ˾Ҳ˵ãһͦ 
ͨ죬еƽҲҪˣһŤͷߣת磬 
ææСءŴ˾׼һȺŹ֮ 
á 
˾ˣαػ￴ɫأ 
δҲе˾ʵӮ㣬ֻŴѨ 
ʤһУһҪ̡˾Ȼ֪δǸӣȻ 
ȭȻƱ˴ѨϡҲܲˡ 
ڶȥδĵǺɷպ̹꣬ȣδˤӡ۹ 
ȴҪȴ˾ö࣬ǽδغϣδˤ 
δȴܲеˣ¬ӡδȴǸ 
ˬӣִ֪磬Ҫȱȭţǿɲá 
䣬¬ӿͿعֵṦڻƽ 
¬ҲڷԣȻҪãҿɲļĻ 
Ӯµ˫㶼ȥˣδڰЦ֪¬ӲҪ 
ռƽ𣬰̰Ƶˣ룺˵ˣᡣȭһ 
ҲͿ˵¬ˣƽ£֮˵ɡ㻮 
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¬ָŶһСɽ壬˵嶥ȥ;ЪϢһһ 
£ṦҲͿˡĶǳϲΪӡδ 
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ڣԳȥҲѣһ׼¬Ṧм裬ղž޴ 
֮ʱԹһ֣δϣ룡һŵأֱ 
ɸߣ˫һʯڣϣֻ᫱֮һ㣬š 
ת˷嶥δ֪Сӹá֮εƽģ 
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Ҳѷһɲ֪δʤ 
δأǰֹȻ׳ҴҼЦ˵գ 
һ㣬ƽذ𣬡һ׳족ʮɸߣͱ֮ϣȻ˫ 
㲻أֻʯһģĽƣǣ± 
˿ȥֻƷһ㣬һֱɡϣ˷嶥һתͱڻ֮ 
ʮ֮Ȼͷ½ϣʯһֱ˾У 
زһɵʱ򣬺ȻһƽȵڵϣȺȻδԣ 
ʱҲ۵Ľ¬ӵˡ˹һߣ 
δʤסعȲڿͷβе 
ȻȻǣȸ֪ȵ־ػƽ 
֪αȷ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ߽ɽʮ¡ĹȵԵϲʱʡٳӰɰ  
߽ɽ ʮ  
ĹȵԵϲʱ  
ٳӰɰ δαȷʦṦʶˣټ 
ʶڹδ籧ȭ˵ƾ㡣ڵȡһЩ֦ 
ʯȼֲϡȼգͱƵĹ 
ɡ˵˫һձǰ˫ȫǽڣһ֪ 
ڼҸ֡ 
˿˫ƽӣ߼ȦԽԽȻżһ㣬Ҳô 
ƣܵмѵǰ벻ߣһƴ¡ʽƷ죬 
ѻ³ȥڻҡҡ֮ʣƼֻҷɣȫ 
𡣸һתһƣһʽȷѻѹ£ 
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һ£ؾھ߰˳֮һ㼴Ӧֶ𡣸· 
֣Ȳʲѣ֮,Ƣбӣδ㹦Ҳ 
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ƹҲڼҵһˣδ翴ȴǷ 
Ҫȭɲ֮ƣܽϨ𣬶ҴѣҪΣɼ 
ܳˣ˵֮΢΢һЦйҲѣֲϣ 
ߵ֮ٿһһңӦֶѸ쳣 
Ⱥһδطһְ̧ѵڶѴδ 
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ʱҪƵĹ򣬲ܴδȴһѣֻһˣʤ 
СһδȴȽȥھ֮أ͵ؽһһ 
ӷƻȥһһϨˡȺȻкãδ 
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ɫ࣬ŨüЦ˵ƵĹˡղ˵ 
һҵעһ޺⻰𣿡δСô 
޺һҪٶһδٶʲôṦ 
֮࣬ǵСǸɴڱϼӮɡδϤ㣬 
Уһ飬ѱԽضϵİعȡ˳վףһ 
Ż˵У 
ͷȣħȷ洫ض̣Կá־ 
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У֦ز룬һ֦ޣƴУȻͼı 
ѡضһ飬ѽһȫ̱˵ر㵹 
ԭδ˽֮⣬˻ʦѨ洫ڵѨ򣬴 
ֻɣһñѨ纫Զ̹յѨѨǡһ 
ѨԡСĹָȥԷѨʦȴԷ 
Ѩ֮÷ɨͬҲܷյѨ 
زȺȻδ׵֦ԮȵĴʿ˾֮ǰ 
ʵġѨһģյѨ⿪ȭ˵ǰ 
ŭĳˣ 
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ǰͣӼ滰δкδֵ 
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УҲ֣θδԡһ˷Ԫ书ڰѵܺɷ 
պ֮ޣԶδ֮ǰ⣬Ȼ֪֪δĹϵ 
Ϊ֪ƽϢԶӽϸҪռƽġһȻǹ 
Ц˵ˣһλԳǻƽˣڸҲ 
ˣ˵⻰δ罻֣֮ 
δ˵꣬δ綼ЦЦʵô 
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˭дģδ飡˵մ 
δ֮ʿΪ֮ʣȡ˽ߣ칲֮ͣ 
Ŀɨȫ˵ǰɲӦ־ƽ 
֮õģʿ˾е˵Ҷзݣδ΢΢һЦָ 
˵֪ǰΪ˭Ŀɲһˣཫ 
ʮֵܣཫֶǽֵܡҺ 
µĻƽ𣬳˭ʸáδδ˵꣬ͽ˵ 
ѽ˵öԼˣƽ˵˭Ҳ죬˭ҲзݣֻҪ 
ӸĴҵཫλصؽλľǰ 
ź˵磬Ļȫģô֪ 
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ȥģΪãԸиޣص֮Уǣɶ 
ǰˣ۳ʪĬ 
ԭľನˣУΪĽܡĽ 
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֮£ֻɹͺȥ֣ľನȴйûв£ 
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ָܣֲԸʽ죬Ϊǣ; 
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Ȱ棬ҲͺԼڣͬĹȣȺһţžȥ 
֪ͨࡣ 
ನ۹ȴûľԶӦ֮ڸϵ 
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һȥȫֵܸߺ˵޴ʵ޴ 
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ΪǸʿ˾ɰҸˡҲ뿪ˡģҴĳ 
ˣǰһࡣ⻰Ըδ 
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۳ʪľڽ֣ĸһů⣬ǰôڴ 
۹⣬ٿҲ̹ۣ˵ҺǴһߣ 
¬ӶԸУʣµԪպˣȻҲ顣δ 
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ȴҪǽˣʯɺȺоʶҲ֪ͬĽ 
ƣȫ̧֧ͷ˵Դ֮һ 
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Ϊ±ܣˣҲ⿪ˣԭҳʦ֮⡣ 
һĴ£ʯʵʲôĴ£ʯɵʮ 
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ȫǡʮǰ׹ҲԲסʦ֣̳־ 
ã˺֮һҲУδ֮ǰƽ 
ȫΪֹʦ˶ʮ꣬ⵣҲǴˡʯ 
棬һᣬһЦǸˣڵһʱ˲ˣ 
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ʱʯɵͽ˹Ц˵ʦһأ 
ʯɵʲô飬صģЦʦǴ˴죬 
ûԶءˣֻ˺Ϳ죬ǵĶӣôɣ˲Զ 
˵ǲǴôȺЦһ紺ŵգҲЦл 
ˡ 
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裬ð㣬ֻŮˡ˵ֶЦ 
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ɼðδЦҲ׼ˣ 
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Ц˵ǲ͵ˣɡδһԾŹȥ˵ 
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˵óϴȥ²챳ˡ飬۾඼ 
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ǲܵܵĻѽĵܵܣ 
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еǴȥɣδӦǷծϾ 
ʱ϶壬һչֽͰţֻǵʱΪ˹ 
־δУ˼ʣ־ɺգʲô˼ɣ 
δһЦֽؽУ飬еϰգ 
һ񣬸δ練һʣַȥβܣﻹܵˡδ 
һ̽ץĺģץСƵὫش˸תֱһ䣬ͷ 
ŤתٽһŵֻһƬδǰұ߶ 
Ц˵Ϣ壬㲻һ˦׳ɿ⡣ 
ۣۿҪӲȥһڿգ 
δ֮䣬˫δȥʱɺѮ뺫־ǰͷδ 
庫־δȴδڡ 
ϲδδȴϵЦ˵мѺӣ 
ֻһֽ϶̽һһ 
һܿ⽣δһɣиΪۡһ⣬ 
кĲ֮ʣֽĻȥһֳ 
䣬գһУɥδ罣֮£ 
һʦʮ깦ͬСɣΣңһ͸⣬ 
糵һ˫δգ΢һأȻҽڷĽ 
УãδֽδҲͷһݣԿ 
ӹβһ̫Ѩ̡طὣһ 
ֻһ֮Ľ˶˼еĽԷһ 
ȱڣδԳĹԼǰ൱룺ҪƷ 
ͷɲʮе£ȵһͣȥϰɣ 
ֽҼӣзֱ緭ӿʿصס֮䣬Ѹ 
͹һ 
ʮ꣬ΪԳư£һ־Կɺƽ 
֣־˶⣬δɥ˻ԼСδ翴 
ֻʮ㣬Ҳ֪ĽǴѧģУк 
һƬĶﻹ׷ϣ 
һͽңʹһǹıնȥأָɺ 
ĳɨȥһƬƤ⣬Űǹˣãʧȥֻ䣬Ѫ 
ʦܣһһյߵǰʦǧɱľδ 
磡ɫ䣬ϰߵۺӣһ֮£һѸȥ 
ͽܵӣԼҲһǱŭľʮǰʦ 
ֲ˵ԼĽȱ㣬ȻĹͽܣԼ֮ϣ 
޹⣬һԲȥҳϡ 
˵־һ˻ɽɺȻ£̾ˣŮҲ 
ˣδĬȻʵôģɺѵʱ˵ˣδҲס 
ᡣĬԣããɺȻҼһ 
仰δ缱æʵʲôɺ˵ƻʱ֣Ҫ 
̲û󡣡δ˼ǣ;٣ɺͷҲֻ 
ˣ 
δ˼̧꣬ͷ˵²Уڰѡշ֮ǰ̲ͨ 
ֵһѽϣ˵־أܾۼʹ书Ӳ 
ȥҲֻǴݾߣɱɢ־ʱ类Ѻˡɺŭѵ 
ǾٴɣʲôΣҲһԣδ˭˵ 
ˣֻһȫ֮ߡ˰Σ˫ĿŹ⣬Ժ־һأ˵ 
ֻкܰæ־æܿһҾ˵ɱ 
٩ˡҵı֮£ǶȲˣôɣδЦ˿ɲ 
ȫǽ浶ǹģοıҲߵúѽͷĺӲҲ 
ôһ־һɺƮȻݣҹļƲϸ 
˵ˣʵ磬㿴ɲɣȫҪǵĽ顣־ͷ 
Ҳ˵ǿɶԼһҲܸмɺȻ˵ 
ȳˣŮӿҵģ㲻δЦŴӦҺ 
ŮҸϲˣԷͷá 
˵ĸȥҡһҲ֪ǰ컹ǺҹŴ򿪣 
˫úϣö˵ĽŲ˰ԼƵһϡ 
ꥣ鱻˫ۣڳУһµĥһ 
ش;֧̲סˡųĵݣθǳ 
ܣһڿˮŻ˳ԱߵЦԵͷ˰ɣĸ 
ծãӱѷǳʱȻͦ 
ҵĸ˱ŻҪǿһ򱶣ЦֶŮ 
Ӧ÷һ㣬㻹ҪʬأҪ˭壿 
ѥӵ߹ÿ̶ĻĥȻǰĳȻͣ£Ͻ 
һƣֻǰ󳵣ߺõϴΪ֣ʵʲôˣΪ 
ʲô 
ϺŶʮڸֳ֣󳵣Ѻ 
δϣǰһѲǧ־žĽֵκ˶ 
ͨǴʹγΪܵķԲ¡ 
ϵʿػĳ̡ϡŶһ룺ҵ 
˭ԭ౦ػʹھʦ񣬺Դʹһ 
ֻʩһ񣬻ʹڵĳ̣־ɲ裡 
Ŀãңңǰ泵վʮò죬һ˼ǵ 
ǰɻӵ⻹ˣһ䴩ɮֹۣ̬ȴһ 
б𡣳Ͽۣ͵˾ػܶ־һ 
ƣȻǰ˽еЩǼðģʱ䣬󳵣ˣ 
ҷɣ٣һȺ転ƵģɱϷרŮʧ 
 
ȺδǣǼðģǻʹڵĳ̺ͳǰ 
˸ȴġԭ־ӣǰӭأϱ 
ͬھʦ־δȥҺ̽ĳ̣Ϊѣδ 
°֮㵱͵ȥĺˡʹǶб͵οЩĳ 
̣ϼǵֶΣһŵģһ룺־ɮڵĶˣ 
δԼĶˣ̨ɽʱδȹأȻеðգ 
Ҳܲ裡 
δȽ˻ʹڵĳ̣ڴ߰˸ﵱͷ׼ʱ䣬Ȼ 
˽ϵشѺһս 
δΪıһɹʯͷеһӢ۶˳ð 
ѡͨе˸о˵ļҵ͢ʮڸֵ 
ţҲԲ 
žУ糣ߣ룺ֻҪסδ磬 
Ҷ£ңһвסʱУҲͶ 
ϢԴֻǰ浶⽣Ӱʮּңδһʱȴ 
ϰϲݻΣȻ䣬ͻǰһӰѸ 
һһƣ򶫣ͦߵĺ֣ 
δ硢޷Ĵڸ֣زסչݵ 
ͳ˹ 
ϳһʱӰϳ޷ʿӦأ 
Ƕʮķɺ 
϶ԷɺЩӣʱҲ˲ˣнһһԷ 
·ˢһֱɺѨȥɺͷһΣ޶̽һ֣޾ 
棬в£ֹһɽ֮нһ飬˳ 
űƣһϣѳٿغŽһƣֽһ 
һչϴСն˫ȣ֮䣬ʹмӡɽΪ 
չᡱδʹ꣬ٱΪժΪ˿಻ 
ɺ˾Ṧһͬʱн̽бɣ޺ɨһ 
Ҳã 
ǿ֮ʯ֮䣬ͲʮСգǰ 
˭Ҳʤ˭ȴǳϸܳ־áɺƳ鱻ڳУȴ 
ϴˣмʿ˻ԮּգһХȵ 
ϣңܱһڣɨ˸ԲȦ͵һݣӲ 
ȥϾϲƴգɴʱɱ֣ 
ȻܾˣɺҲض˵øأ 
һ˲䣬ƵڳͷӹɺȻδϣһ 
һ׽޴ɺţǳΨһϲˡɺƴ 
ϾǣܵؽһɺӥӹһӾץ 
飬ȥˣ 
֮󣬷ɺӳʮ⣬ʱս÷Ƚ 
֪ɺṦ׿Լ֮ϣֻδսɱѷ 
⣬ǻŭתƵδϣԷŹɺһƫ漱ϣ 
йδɱ 
һսѸ־δסλӲ 
ƴ˵жȤ¡ԭһʦ˿֮󣬱˸ 
һ·ϱǰϳδʱŶˣֻҪ֣׼ 
ɰٵʱߡһ룺˰׷ħŮ޵Сʦ 
ʮǰҺұȽοĹͽܡΪ̧ۣͬʦܹ 
󣬲ͷδӭУɱľս󣬷 
ŭȥҳϣؼ飬˵Ϊʲôʵ˵ҳ˴ݵ 
·ɽδΪβͬǶΪЧԾӦ֪֪ˣȴغã 
ʦŽ¶и׼ߣߣͷֱˬǰδ 
ڷУδʵ֪룺˵Һδ 
ƽ֣ΪжˣĪ赶ɱˣ 
־δ磬һ˵ˣֻŸ־κӵ 
¡ѸˣΪ֣վ˵ĬͻȻͷһ 
˵ǰ˵ŭܵͷһײԼȻ 
ȲסΣҲײõŭϣҲҪң 
Ц˵ǰϢŭŪΪδˣ㲻䣬 
˵ġԳ߹ԼδȣҲɹϤУ 
ĽἸоδ硣Һδ硢ɺˣ 
֣㲻˵ʵҺͷɺǰδҪԴ·磬Ҳޣ 
ӮɺͲӦδ磡 
³ϰ˵֪˵ҿĽı仯 
ӣɽƥУ۾΢֮ȴҪѷһҿ˽Ĺ 
տ֮ٲδ֮¡ղһţһԣҸҵĿ 
ĹϽδƽֲ£ӮΪڰҺ 
ʦ˵ķ׽ȴŵһμɽɽѸ쳣 
϶룬ŻԷ׽ĳȣصãĹ㲻 
ҲϺ޼δ磬ϧ칦򣬰ȫɽݸ 
δʹйȻڣŲ˵ϲؼ飬ٹģԸ 
ͬĺδ硣 
˵δȺ۽ؽٶ꣬δʨˣ 
ȱȽ⣬һʮźУδ簵ɺ䣬ȣʵ 
ʵÿһжδþر仯·ɽʹþ 
ףֻΧȻӰζһ̼ʮ깦Ż 
ֻǧһأҹܣȴҲһƬ 
ƣ˽൴Ѳ⻥Ϻֶ֣ʮУδ 
ʤ 
δɱ𣬽ٱ䣬һָꪣڽУѰϾ϶ 
ѰѨֵֽԽѸݣʱոߵӥ 
죬ʱƽ̣軨Ӱỵ́ҪѨභ֮£ͷ 
δҽƣͬʹһָһ֧Ѩ 
һѵ仯ķ棬Զڷ׽֮ϡ׽֮ʱ 
ֵĽͬΪ־ѧƪ˵ã 
ȴƫƫܹá־֪֮һδҽƣʹֱ 
ı仯·׽ͬʹģ಻֪ҪԶ࣡ʱľ 
ķȻʮ깦Ҳֻǿ֧֣δԽԽĹȵ 
ˣ 
˴÷׷𣬹˼󳵣δüȽ֮ʱɺ 
Ѹ֣򷴷ȥδһԷɺݣ 
ʹһ־ѷոֵĹӲȥһ 
ڣкɱ䴦·磬δܣ˫δ羹 
ܳ 
Ϸ˷ɺһ죬Цϣȵδ½ͬţ 
㲻δ΢תˢһ̳ҪЦ 
ͷֻʦܽˣȻ˽Ĺأ 
δ磡 
һƶ䣬δ磬һڳǽ 
ɽеʮ֡׷罣áɽɼ֮ʮһ֣ 
йأйؼ汸ģķе࣬ڸ֮ϣеʮ 
׷罣ȫɹƵģҪŽԼĵ֣źáδȻϳǿ 
ΪжˣѸסϲص׺ݷ˲ŸҲȡ 
Ĺơ 
δһͬСɣ֪ҶԽԲܶŭ˼У 
ɽйؼ汸ʮ·νʩչֻ 
⣬纮ξأ˻ɿգǧһڽоĸ֣ 
أǺãϼɽʹľԼʮ 
нȴμ׾ˡ 
Ȼˣ׷罣ǰ֣Զδ 
֮ϡڳʹ֯һδΣڽ 
δĽѹԽԽݣʿҪ֣ȵ 
ֱȥ˼£Ҳ֪ǸδǸԼˣ 
ʿﻹֿԣ 
һ񶷣δս֮ۻգʮ깦ɵһ 
ʿϾͨɽĳϣδ书Ҳסδ 
еþòӦæвĿб棬ֻһֶ 
ʿסԿභҹѣ鲻 
Σ£ðţûвμӡһ 
ʯͷУƣⷬðδضͻѺ 
Աչٿ߼ɣֶһϽ֮ӭ漸ʿıȫ 
ضϣкðͬϣֻðһ⣬Ҳѹı׷׽ضϣ 
ϲе㣬ҲһѱðЦ𣬺һ 
չӲӲʮֵ⣡ 
϶ֻһʱⷬѡĴڶʮĸ֣书ǿм 
иض֮󣬻ʿʹͷʹйٱʣʹԪƣʹụ̈ 
ޣͭǱرСɵıУٲȻר˱ 
Ĺ֮࣬ұ¶֮󣬵ȫ⣬Ҳٸضˡ 
ǹĹҲǱѰűռ˱ˣһʿΧ 
һƷһһƻɣԱû磬 
֮ڣȫ羫â˵ˮѽʿǼҹݱƽ 
ּ䣬ȻΧŹļʿٿ£һСӹ 
һȥֻõһ˵ıԼĽϣһ֧ںĶ 
ǰһץûץţһƲףٶȷУ 
ʱſʹһйٱʡڴѨˣǳСɹ򣬶׾ 
ڵ׷Сʿȴڹ֮ϵ޵һУ 
ԭ˾ڶδ硢ɺսĳͦšй١ 
͢еĵһ֣־ĵһֳϿ˵ǲδɺ 
ҪԴ·磬ԹǹϤСʤаѱͦʤڻ 
ǰʤ 
ͳ֣ͦһЮ֮ǿˣһ̶򣬴Ѩ 
棻շת񶷣ã۾ϾԹˡδԮš 
ð书Ȼϵͣз书ߵˣѶԸڷȥˣ 
籦Ͷɰ˲ҹȽֵ֧סδһƳֻ 
Ǳ裬Զһɽ죬Ӱһ 
Ⲩ֮ðĿѣľ֪Լ岻ȥæ 
㣡 
ððһرӦһԾ 
𣬳ͦȵߣйٱһ֣ҵġˮѨһ 
תΣһǡӥ𡱱ɨֻͦһ֪ 
ԽΪʱһйٱʺְܽѹĽһλ 
䣬һݣֵߺġѨȻŭݽеƴ 
һбʹһ룬ٿָΪɨһСۡĶ 
Ѹ־仯١ͦͷһԽһ 
ͷͦ򡱣һ˫ֱָĵѨ 
ԩƵĿ޷δ紦Ϊ 
϶˸չŽսδ磬羪ƮԽԽңԽԽ죬 
ڽһѰδĽѹȥ֣ȻһӰŹ֮ 
ԽʿĶأֱ˹סһһδˢһ 
̴̳˺һδĺνף϶룬 
һ°ѵ˽ؿֺ϶ݽ⣬δףֽһ壬ϼ 
صס 
ﰵڻôһͣľ֮ 
϶ռ˾Ϸ磬Ϳδأȴ޶˶˵ôһδ 
˿Ҫºõǰƣֵ÷һֽˡ 
Ӱ۹·תһ 
š߳ȥϵ˵ƷȻţҲ֪ĸλģ 
ϴһ֣Σңһ̧̽צýַ 
ȥܶԷţﻬ֮Ȼ֣һԺ 
ϲ˵ĵȻܵμӳɣһ档 
Ǻ־ŴƸʯѧĹڸ֣ðδ֮ 
ΣƼһϣԽг֪־Ҳܾ־ǰ 
Ĵһƣ˷֮ڻʹ 
˴˼ɣԺ־ҲתϮϣȻӭУƲ 
ãѳȳȦӡδѹȻϷ硣 
־ǳ°ܽƸʯߣ֮ʱһ˫ƣ 
־İϽ𵶣ʤڼŹ֮棺ô 
ӣ꣬ѧϳ书 
־߹߿λַ˼ֹУϻؽԱԽƣǱδ 
ȵˣ׷֮ʣԣ͵ͦһƣ 
δţƷѰѳͦ˫ʵҲȦӣðŻ 
ѽӦ 
־ֹŪƲѣǸˣһ룬꣬ 
־ѧüϳ书Ҳǲα°ȫѨסƴ 
֮Σɽеʮ·ֽԼӲȥСֽ 
ӡ֮˵֡ɽƷ𷨿ɽ֮ڽ֮ڡ𾭳˵̸ 
ﲻֻ˵ɽеġֽǽ𾭴֮ 
ϣ֮ɲܵ˼˽Լۿտ֮ػ֮У 
磬ѽó·ѨԸ־ǿһʧǿ 
ȥ־޷ʩֻŹܡ 
һδ罫֮ȴ׷ͻطɱ룬ͨСӢͨ 
˶ȳΧϴ󼱣æ½أδˢˢˢ쳣 
ϹѷȻžֽҲæкȴ 
ǰͷԽУٿطһ˿ֹӷȻ׹һ 
ɨֵĳ⾹ 
һֳһپǧֱѹȻ鲻 
˴ӥצ񹦣ٿץȥҽһ˷ģ󽣵ѹ 
ЩƼİѽγ˶˳ 
ﰵֹԼڳɽʮĽΪ޵£ 
һʦܴ죬ھȻëͷСӣҲܰԼĽϣԭ 
жˣҲųһ亹粻ѱ֮һѹ׼ 
ѹ飬ݹԼ 
һδѺ͹ϣһӢɱȥϼУ 
ǰֵ־Ѿ£ƣǹꪣȥ·Ҳ鲼˹ 
ˡ 
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ꣻǰֶδ磻Ӳֻ師ĸ 
ȥˣֵǲʳ㶨зδ硢 
־ˣ𣬱ʤɡĸṦã־ȴҪ 
һ㣬Ͻȥ־ʵѡ 
δȻһ˹Ȼ书ǿǻˣǸ 
ģһ֣֪ԷڣϧɺӳȥҪȻɰĲ 
ơδҲǼδΧڣԼ˽һһ 
ֽھչѸһһƣרȴΣ 
ˣ֮ܿϻǷͷ˺Լⷽʱû 
ͻɧţ־ѸĸȵæңδȻڵһƴϵĸ 
ۣ־ҲʱѳδһרԹԮͬ顣 
һϵĲȫ˿գս֮֡ʵǱ 
ڽʮ֣Ƕʮģˣδ 
ߣȻǿö࣡սУȻʱǽ֣֮ȥȴռϷ磬ֵ 
ôЩʱ䣬Ҳ׷׸ƶ˵ʮΣա 
սŻһѪעǻӽ쳣δӹߣ 
һƣǰһڸԽΧֻ૽е飬 
飬Ҫ㡣δ֪ѽңԽĽҽܵУ˺䣬 
˵֮Ҵȥڹ͵ֻ֮׼ 
У֪𣿡Żѵ˵ͷδ罣ðΧʿ 
δԽڰǻδ䣬ǰƲ 
˰߷ֿǰͷɱһϻι״Ϸ̨ϵĴһ 
δ簵ЦԭһҲ֣˻Ȼϳ®ɽࡣ 
Բǣԭƽƽĵ֣ܵס־ҲɱЩڸ 
֡䣬һߣһȣ־׷ 
أδϲðô˼Ҳˣ 
ȥߣһֻ׹һֱָʺ 
족˫һͬʱһҲסһλһת 
ܿġ׽У̽ȥӲĵ˱ 
֪߽þˣ֮ѹ彣Ҫ˽Աŵ˵ 
ϼ״󾪣˴һ׹⣬߷ӹȥ߼УȻ 
һʣɶߣһƳ磬ӭȥڰཻ 
˶󵹷ɣڰ˴ת˸ԲȦʱһ 
⻷ɽ־۱۶㣬ɨˡϷʱȴ 
һȥԱâƶ˵ľˡգ޷ֻð 
콣һ㣬ضϣҲһ֮б£ųһ亹 
һõô֮䣬ôˣߣѸݣ 
Ʋδ֮£ʱѲ³˭еʯͷӣ㻹ҪҪ 
ʦĲҵ㻹˲ӣ 
ǡƽʯɣδ֮ǰ͡ϡԪ 
Ƶң书ǿھʦһʦ 
һֱ䣬δʯɶ֮ʣسڸ֣ 
زס忪һȱڡͦбɣƴͨһնȥ 
һ澡ͦһ֦йٱʣҲնһȱڣһѺĹ 
˹ԱâͦӲӣһɨ 
ǰͷδ磬Ѹȥʯɻˣ 
Ϻ½أ½صסδѳɱˣʯҲס 
ðڱչڻһ̱ɱΧԭ 
˺ֱ־ɱ塣ʯɽеֱųδӦһ 
ʯȣԼ֦ɽâͺһһڽ 
âٽһãֻ۲һ飬Ľ䴩Ѻȴǻ 
飬˾Ṧ֧âֻʿâش 
 
Ϻ֪Ѳȡʤֻþۼβ׷ҵƥȥȺ 
ۻսˡ 
ھǵĴ׷ŵûţ˶ܣʱѴֱ 
ţֻŴ󿪣жʮĴ󺺣һɱʯɵһӵϣ 
ȫһȺˣٳǣʯɶδǰѳŹϡ˷ 
ѴŹرգһդբϣϵȫڳڡδΪ 
֡ 
ʯɵǷɺֽţδ缱æʵɺǰˣ 
ʯɵˣθɱѸ־ɢɺһ 
ˣҽӹҸȥֻЦ˵ȳδǣ 
ԶֱųˣҴˣڳⰲդѳŹϣܿ԰׷ 
赲һʱ̣˵ʩչṦɳ۶ȥԶԶӰ֣֪Ƿ 
ӦġδˣĵԭɺвãЩӦģĹ 
ˡ 
ԭҰļƻоۼػἰ³ɲھʦѣ 
׼ǱȰʯǰҪģ屡죬ΣҪһ֮ 
ʯЦ㵱Ҳܱȫǰ죬־֪ͨң˵ 
ǵѶעˣֻǻòǷղ棬´ݾߣʱ 
ҡҾǲ棬ֳ֮ҲһȲ鵽ģҵ 
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˷ˣ־ҲвҵĹͽͽأ׽ࣿҴ 
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δ˵ˬ죬ҲƴǡʯɴżˣһЦȥȺ۶Ƹ 
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ǣݣḷ̌һΡ 
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ʦ룬ͷ˵ܺãһѪδʦ 
̻塣ʦʵѼǺŮˣδӦһʦ 
ǰ׷ħŮĹŵӣڣͬһˣֻʯһûѧ 
ټ飬˵ԳΪɽ߽أֻϧʦҲû 
أɽ߽֮δҲǵһָϸʦҺͰ 
ħŮ־ɽϱ߷壬׿һɽһ޶ˣµɽ 
ֻ߽ȫĿû⸣ˡδһ㣺ʦͳϣ 
ټԼԼʦյ飬ͬŵĹˣ׷ħŮͽܣɺ 
ʲĺŮ׿һҲͽܣʯɺշǸˣʯ֮ 
⣬Ȼ߸ˡһʦ֪Լ׿һĶͽܣ 
ʯ֮£ڱɽľʱѽ˳ʦЦϵ 
ѵշˣƢŹ֣ǴԼˣδ֪Ǹ 
˽ӣšһ˵Ȳ֪׿ʦͽܣȻ 
Ѵﻢ¡ʦضĻӦĹУδ 
Ҵƽ֡ʦΣȻ˵߽֮УаУĴʦ 
ģϧĶʦ;ڣֻ㽫ʦˡӽа 
֮䣬ѱŷ⽣ԷħŮԸҲֻ㽫շˡδ룺 
׷ħŮֺʤʦҲҪԣΪȴݵɽ 
Ұ֪׷ħŮʦн٣ҷʡ 
ʦȻ˵мʦֵ־㲻ʦšɽȫ 
ˣδ紹ѵʦֵ׷ħŮйڣȴ 
书ɹŵңԼιҲɽҹˡδԭǺ 
Ůģ֪ȴ֪֣ʦҾͲ֪ˡ̾һ 
һֵɫ֣ѿƣҲϲ׷ħŮ꽫٣ǵ飬 
˼ңҪ׿ʦ顣δ簵棬룺Ī׿ʦһ 
£ʦֵ׿ʦƢҲܹŹ֣ɽʮ꣬δ̸֮£ 
֮ǰȴȻһϻң˵ȡշ䡮꼻ǰ 
㣬ɽϻȥ׷ħŮ 
δһʵ꼻ǲһһף룿˵ʮ꿪 
һΣ׷ڣϻͯʦдһ˵δЧԼ 
ȺڸҩİˡֻʮſһΣ˭дغ򣿶ֲʲô 
ɵʿҲԸĻȥȡʲӡδλ 
ˣ˴λԵɣȡˣ˵Żշϻá꼻ľ 
 
ʦ˼Σ˵ұŷ⽣ʮ꣬Ըټˣ 
οһˣһҲáͰɣ 
ʦãδѰѹ˵üһĴ 
ʦ˷ܣӣǻʦϲΪĺ󱲣ǲؾһױŽ 
ǡݽŻѺðǡ޼ʦЦں 
֮УǵĽҲѵõˣݽԸվ޼ȡʤʤ 
ụãڱ仯֮پ󾫣Ǳáָ㼸Ҫһ 
л 
ʦȡı˼£Ȼ̾벻ո˽δ 
ʱܾԵĻͣȡİ׽֮ʱҲڳָ 
˹ʹ֮δ˵ڱʦȥأ 
ʦ𣿡һҾҪѱ֪ʦ 
ֶҪ֪ʲôʦ̾ӴҲǱ׿ʦݻ 
ˣֻǲĦһʽδݹഫ 
Ʒ뵶ʾеĽ侫˵ֻʮʽȴɻػã 
һʽͿɱʽ˴Ħȴûб 
ʦֶĽҲҪˡ 
˳Թիֺͻʦ̸һᣬһ£ѵ죬ʦȻЯ 
δ磬˳⡣ɽɫǴȻ澰֮һƳĴʫ׾д 
ɽãƺ䡱ľ䡣ʱɽȺ壬֮У¹ʱ 
һѩִԲͷֿժ¹г 
̾δȻûʦ΢΢ 
δȻһʦ꣬ʯ𣻱һȾ 
¥̨ʱԳɱࡣңԶɽδƶ 
æ˵³δ壬ʦ̻塣ʦһڹ 
塣 
ðͷһϸζǻʦٱ˵磬Ǻ˵ 
˵Ҳ˭˼ħδֺѰ֣ʦţ޵ 
գգðɳнˡֻǷǧն 
ȥ޻ȴҲмӡðæݣһҲ˵Щʲ 
ôɴۣðδŻҲŹ£ȴȻ֪ԡ 
ԭðϸ⣬¶Ȼʦý˵˼ħδȰ 
ʦ꣬Ϊ˼ơ˧ȴԡǧնΪ˼˵ 
ԷĴǣҲҪԲţֻԷ鴫䣬ǧն 
ѹ꣬޲֮µĵӣҵĻȥҲҵ 
ˡһΨĵѧҲпɲɵδҲʦ 
˼вʤ̿֡ 
ʦЦŽ˵αˣֶδɽຮ 
ԸˣԱ㣬ֻǲؾ飬ҵע⣬һȭһ 
ұȫʱ磬㰲Ъɡ 
һҶû˯δʦӲ糣ȻҲ 
һ˵ĳ飬δڶھͻԲš벻ڶһ磬ԾʹҴҸδ 
磬ˣʦѾˣδ缱æϵңֻʦţü 
ĿһƽʱģʹޡԵűһϻʦ 
رģ˰ɡδȡһдɽ 
һдšȭ֪ʦѪæߵͷлȡϻһд 
ɻһһ죬Яͬϻϸ߷塣СעţߣҸ 
ӣȡȭӴʦһδ֪׿һҪ 
ȡ꼻ˣЯͬϻϸ߷ȥ׷ħŮһ룺ϻҿɲЯ 
ȥŻѣһŻѺ͹ھ¹ΰݡ 
δݣðʦ꣬ƺ쳾һЦУ޳ 
عݱˡδԽʦװɽΪʦ 
ĹɥˣͭϻŻѵˣϻɻ׷ħŮ 
֮ɺֻ飬ʱԸѧ䵱ȭȥΪʦ 
ɣ׿һܲ㡣Żѵֻܼ飬Ը㣬 
ҵϣӵļաðЦѧѧУѽδһ 
䵱ɴ֮ȥ˵ùȥֻùȥƭ 
־ҵҪ溫һ 
δطգͽ֮񣬲ʦµȭһ顣մ 
ɽձԵ׷ħŮƢ֣ǿɵõġ˵ɺ 
ʦͬססϸ߷춼壬ڰݼ׷ħŮ֮ǰȼɺ 
ҲԲ춼ֱϸ߷塣 
ľΣˮݺᣬ仯пѷһϿԺɹ죬 
߰գ϶ɽڣϺˡð̾鲻· 
ɽ֪֮棡գѩɽƣʮӣѩɽУ 
ǹһɽ䡣δָŶһɽ춼ˣɺ 
סǶŻѺ춼òãδ˼δ𣬹 
ѽ㣬Ȼͻ׷ħŮҲһδŻ 
ѵĿȻʡ 
춼ϸ߷Ϊͣԭʼɭ֡˼֮ء˻칦ʵ 
ȥʱأӥѩߣЩ޼Ҳ¡ðЦԼǼ 
ǣҲú֣ȤɡϷ嶥ӭʮɸߵı£ͺĴ 
һͻȻӸաա 
²쿴ȴҲټǰ߼ˣδЦ 
Ϲˣˣδ꣬գաԴǳ 
۾ɻ飬δǴﴫģð 
ѽͺǽ̤ʯͷ¡Ѷʯ϶ϣֻ 
ʯˮע 
֣ųصġաաδЦҳʱҲΪ 
ɻ֪ɽɽһ޴ıɽڵ𣬺ɽ 
ʯѱɽѹ档ɽһڻʯһܿաʯпմ 
еĽŲʮơðЦԭˣˡǴӽ 
ˣѩټϵɽ£ԶŵıɽδЦСģ 
ǽ¾Ǿ޴ıɽأֻҪʯһɢӣǾͱˣ 
ŻȴԳȻ˵ҲţĻ᲻ˣżһ㣬 
ңܳȥ 
Żɽͱ˸Ȧӣһɽͷûľ֮СδЦ 
÷ˣԼȥɡ˵ȻͷɽԶԶŻѡ 
Żز¶ˣ˵ɽͷкһĸ 
··һǳϸƮҶ塣ͷ 
üͷȵǲһһףǿҲɾ͡Ǳе裬 
ʯɼסʱѧģŻҲʱһе 
飡飡һŻѷɲȥֻһŮӣ 
Żִе飬㲻ѽԱһ˺Ĵһת 
Сӣʲôط׼ҽ£ޣȴ׷ӯͷ 
Żһֽгɺ㲻׼ҼɱҰɣһԾȻȫ 
ڵϣɺһΣŮĸƣԵԭ 
ʼĴɭС 
Ƭ̣δ˸ϵ״󾪣æŻѽѨŻѵҼ 
ˣɺ׼Һ̸δ֪̾ʯΪ 
ҵ֮,ҲΪҵΪ֮¡Ȱɺ,һܳɡ 
˴УȻһʯݣδǰŽеδˣ 
֮ͨ󣬾þòš 
˵շɺƴ˳ϣ֮󣬰Я춼壬ϤҽΡ 
£嶼ĥʹ಻ѵ÷ɺĸһչ˵ 
΢þ͸κˡɺһϸĸľȻ 
ոƽ鴴ʹַɺӵϣ˵ 
ǰܺĸףʱԣҲ֪ǰ޴ˣĸʵ 
һĺŮˣǵԩǰһ˲ȫˣǽ˽ã 
ŮҵŮ鵹ڷɺУ裬㲻ңҾ 
Ůɺ衱һů§ø 
˵飬ְǰõѣ֪𣿡顰šһ 
ҼŰһ 
ɺһɻ˵ļһҧġʮǰϽ 
˵ֿǻرΪһ׸裬ǵӢ۹ţڲ 
ԭ֮󡱾׸Ŀ䡣λ߳ԭŮӢۣȴһŸ 
ĥ־ͬϣԳΪõİˣһսʧɢ֮ 
ͷʱѶԧˣѷˡɺһǸ֣Ϊͨ 
ˣְɱȫȴְϵ˵ 
ŮǸȫͬˣɱֽס 
ۺͶɻ飬ȥѶѴˣָĥʹһҹ֮ 
ͷףϽ忹ʧ֮춼ʮ꣬ڼįУ 
˼ֻҪĶĸ飬õŮ 
Ҳʧˡ 
齲׵¼˵겢սӢ۹£Լı˺ 
į˵ŮҲʧˣӦԶҵߣʲô㶼 
𣿡ٺľŻѵӰӹͷŷɺ 
⣬ӰҲٿʧˣ̲סŷɺ裬ҴӦԶ뿪㣡 
Ż֪ɺø飬δţþò 
ӦŭɺʲôģٲҾʹȥ 
Żѻδˣʯٿش򿪣ɺֳʵ˵ʲôδ 
æǰɺЦҵֻҪ˵Ĳ 
ңӦ˵Ȼ֪Ϊʲôðæһ 
¡ɺȻδʲôˣûأ˵ȴð 
ֹסð˵ͬ㣬ǲԶǰ׼ 
Ǽһ档 
ɺðĻȴתͷδ㻹ǵ˵Ļ𣿡δ 
Ȼ˵ʲôɺھҺ˵ȵͲ׼ܣ 
仰𣿡δ벻ѿЦĻ棬Ȼòߣһ 
˾ȵƾʲôסֲŮɺȻ˵ҵŮ 
δ˹һۣʾҪ໰ 
Żѱأ˵ŮҲҪлҪ˵ɺ 
ʲôˣ׼ͲܼδҲ̲סȻǰһõͳ 
ʵҴСģȻĸףҶʵ 
Ů֮飬׼׼Ҽأ 
ɺһҲ˵ã˺ʮҽſڼǣ 
Լ˵ԸﻹԸȥδΣͬʮɺ 
£һŮߵǰŻѴе㣬ˣ 
ޣָŻѵ׼ 
Ŀͣ壡¡ɺæ 
ҪȥԸȥôͻ˵Ը㣡ɺ 
ȥˣˣȥЪЪɣɫܲأħ 
䣬ȻתڣŻѴе飬飬ҪȥδҲе 
飬İȻˣְֵ־Ը㻹ûأְֵŮ 
ֻɱ˶컹ְֱ𡣡ɺһŹϣ棬 
ȴվǽͷ˵δ磬Իȥˡ 
ŭ壬һٿĴö𻷣ִɺѨѷɺ 
Ŷ롣ɺгһöȫȥЦ˵ 
ƽϣٺҾҪˣðŹδǰҪ 
ɺֵۣòɿ֮ʣȻһϵԡ 
ǲϵȵ˭ɽҰδһʱֻһͷ 
׷ţ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼм䣬δ繧˸˵ 
ʦʦӲμǰ׷ħŮߡһʵʦ 
ãδȻʦǰԲţ֪׷ħŮһᣬ̾ӽ 
ҲҲϰˡδ粻һᣬ׷ħŮʵ 
ҵģδǰ׿ʦµĽϻҪ˼ҡ 
ħŮɫ䣬߳ǰ˵ѣסϸ߷壬ֲǲ֪춼 
׿һжңҲߣϷŪңδ⣬ 
ŵʦͬ۸ңҪյͽܡ׷ħŮЦһ 
δ硢ðŻˣͬʱһۻӰԴδ 
ӶȻһ˿ȥϡ˽һãת˲΢Ȼ׷ħŮ 
ڳվ׷ħŮڱЦ˵δ磬ѵı 
ˣǻʦĵӣҲٳͽˡǸҹɽȥ˵Яɺ 
ڣ˵ҪǡһʯŹϡ 
δһͬСɣ׷ħŮ˲Ϣ֮䣬ϮˣԼ֮⣬ 
˵ıоȫȥ־򣬹ֲȥһʦ 
ԡ 
δ֪׷ħŮƢŹ֣Ҷ춼壬ɽ̾ 
ŮħͷֻĲټˡŻɥʹʧ 
Ҳ˵ 
һðȻ˵ػģǵıл 
ֻҪŴðһðաŻѵʲôãִ򲻹˼ң 
ǡðЦѵһͰ׷ħŮܣȻϻЯͬɻ 
ûƵģһݣ԰ϸ߷ȥ׷ħŮܽзɺŻظ 
㡣ŻȻаգðϷŪʲôҳˣҲ 
ӡδһ룬ð˼ͷ飬ղǶ 
çײˡ󲻽⣬ðð͡Цָһ 
£˵ɵϣЩ强Ҫ˵һ˵֪ô 
ð׷ħŮ˼һ¾Ͷˡ׷ħŮ׿һ£ 
ַйһԼ׷ħŮ˵׿һɫ䡣Ǹ 
Լ׿һͬʱɼĵΪδ٩ 
˵δ춼ȥɽ´ðˣһȥɡ 
㣬ʱΪžˡŻѵ׷ħŮֻ»δɽ 
ð㲻عزɽȥкô 
Żһٸ𣬶ϸ߷壬Ҫһݣǳϸ߷徰ֺͱ߷岻 
ͬɽϱ࣬Ż죬ѽӽԭʼӣԶɫĴˣĹ 
к£ЩͷǸ߿ɵĴе͸ 
ıеƾ޴ƣɫɫǧ״Żһδı鵤 
ɽգҲϰɽȻ䳹ǣܵܵס 
رУһٲ״ıǰȻʣһƬＸɵĴ࣬ 
ͷһԼɵı棬Ⱥ֮ԣüӣã 
Ӱ 
ŻѴ˼ϸ߷֮ϣǱǷ嶥ĻѩѳɡŻ 
׷ħŮˡ˴ֻòϵˡˣɣ 
Ż룺׷ħŮǹסĵطֻе 
ǽӳҫڵеǰ׷ħŮŻΰݣһɴԼ 
𣬰׷ħŮԼסʵ׿һǲô 
Żȡϻϻ˿ϵ仨һһ죬Χòʳţ 
͸˱ǹۡ׷ħŮ˫ĿŹ⣬ʵ仨ժ𣿡Żѹ 
ǵժ׿ǰ֮͸˼ҡ׷ħŮ仨ȡ£ȴԷ˿ 
УóȻ̾ʮǰһϷԣΪǵҽոպ 
һ꣬Ҫ꼻ʲôŻȻ֪𣬿ӵ⣬룬ԭ 
󴺡ʵأȴ׷ħŮĿɫ㲻Ҳԡ 
׷ħŮȻ˼ãȻΣʮǰ£ͷ 
ʮǰ׷ħŮֻǶʮŮȴ𽭺ľ׿һ 
Ǹҹӣ游Ǹжܶϻʱ׷ħŮ;ؽ٣׿ 
һһλͬšҲǺϵдˡǾ򡰲򲻳ʶ˴ 
ġ׿һԹ֮󣬰ֻǴУұ¶ǿ׷ 
ħŮһŭȥٹ꣬׿һѾΪ䵱ɵŵӣǾ͸ˡ 
ȱϣһΣ׷ħŮ䵱ɽ䵱ɵĳ֮ 
Ż֮ҪѰ׷ħŮɽ׷ħŮ𣬶׿һһʦ壬׿һ 
ΣҲ˰׷ħŮⳡ䣬׿һ裬ڴǵ 
ţԶϻؽ׷ٰ׷ħŮ֮ĶԹԹ׾׷ħŮ 
׿һ侭䣬δģ׷ħŮȴȻˣ֮ȫңһ 
ҹ֮䣬ͷסԼòģ׷֮ĲѣԵɽӣʲô 
Ըˡ 
˾һᣬºͬɽʮ꣬ȴǱܲ棬 
ʱ׿һ˵ΪҰͷһҪҵΪѰ鵤ҩ 
ָഺ֪׷ħŮԼòԶǵһμʱ׷ħŮ˵ 
ϡʱ׿һͿЦض˵ԸѰͷ׵ҩ벻 
δϣѰ׷ͷʱ־ɻᣬ˭ϵõ 
ŵȻʮδ˵Ը 
˼ʰ׷ħŮ꼻ճճ񣬼ʮ飬ʯͷ 
벻׿һǰһϷԣȻ쵽۾̾ 
仨㻹ûȥɣ˵򿪽ϻһŽ㣬ֻдһɣ 
ţ 
Ԥ֪ҥط̳ 
ֻԵڴ֪ 
ʼڣ 
 
˪ģ 
羡ۻǧ 
֡ 
ʫ׿һ֮˴ġʱʢ׽ 
ζضֻһƬ飬ʾమʫ˵ֱ֮ 
ͨϲѶԤ⵽һкܶҥˣ˵ֻҪ˴మֻҪ֪ 
䣬ǾģҲǽһʾ飬 
˵ԽѣԽ˪మľԽֳ˵Ȼ񶬷һ 
ǧĻ䣬İ黨䣬ȻǷŲɢ㣡Щ 
ʱôڼʮȥˣ׿һˣҲһˣ׿һʫǡǡ 
ʱ֤ˣ֤⼸ʮ䣬׿һдʫһһҲûб䡣 
׷ħŮ𣬷뻳У֮Уɽƺþãþã 
һԡŻǰʲôԸ׷ħŮγѣ 
ˣʲôҪҰôõģһŻѵ 
ǰæзɺҵų׷ħŮĸ㣿Ǹ 
ŮǲǣŻѵͷҺѽͬģԸ֣׷ħŮ 
һͷ̾һĶСǲӦٴˡɺ 
ҪͽܣеǴϻ۵ŮӦҪ㡣˵Цͷϰ 
һŻѵ⼸첻ɽȥɺ˵ 
ҪŵĺˡŻѴϲߵл׷ħŮֽȥڱó 
ȥǣϣ׷ħŮԶû㣬һ 
ɡ˵һŻֻƼظһִʯ֮⣬ֱ 
ʩչҲŻѴϲæл׷ħŮһ׶Ṧʽ 
ϸ壬ٴ˿ھŻ˰죬ͷ׷ħŮˣԺ 
ϰɣǣʮһΣɽṦ֪Σ»طֽ⡣  Ժ߽ɽإ¡ĮԵŮԭս־ѧȺ  
߽ɽ ڶʮ  
ĮԵŮ  
ԭս־ѧȺ ׷ħŮ˼˵仨òˣ㲻ȥ͸ɺɡ 
ŻɺҲǰ׷ӯͷ仨á 
ڶһ磬ŻѰݱ׷ħŮɽյɽ´Ƭ̣ 
δðɽתðһʹôҲƭɣ 
ϲεؽ˵ˣ붼ϲδһĹȣʯ 
ЦȥҷɺҲѣŻע⵽ϵĹ 
ȣЦ棬ľͷ𣿡δ˵͸ˣȸ 
Ӳأ⼸ɼɽâ˳ɽеĽľŪ 
ȡŻѵֻѧûѧùȵȱδ 
ʹȺˣֻеֽأٽ㼸·ȵѨ 
ŻջԵɣѧ˰׷ħŮĶṦֵ˽ȣʮָˡ 
δһٻص춼壬δǰţǾþδӦδü 
ɺô 
420ǡŻѵʦʹȥɣδֽ˼ 
ȻδӦҲеŭ˵ҲֻдȥˣͲ 
δ˵⻰˫ʯһƣʱʯƿδ͵ܲç 
ײŶ룬ڣֻɺϥ֮ 
ϣҲŴµһʯķţӶ 
š 
δŲ߽ţɺǷʦ֮㡣 
÷ɺ˫Ŀ˵ˣˣΣһпޣǻ 
ҪʲôԭŮӢۣһΣĲˣ۾ʧ˹ʣ 
׷Ʈδ˸Żѽеˣɺ 
ǵģӮˣԸͬܿɽ᯼ţҪȥѰǣ͵͵ˣţ 
͵͵ˣָһָұߵǽڵ㿴ñ˼֡ŻѶ 
δˣԸأңʧеˣɺ 
ֱ˫Ŀӻֵ߰ɣ˭Ҳˣ 
δŷɺѹȻеɺ㿴ʲ 
ôɺɵ۾δٿشŻУǸȣݵɺ 
ǰеɺҪùˣ㣡ɺȵʲôδ 
Ц㲻ˣ㲻ˣûйȣ·Ҳ߲ˣɺȻŭ 
һԾָδж죬СңҺս 
ٻغϣ˭˭ˣ 
ŻѵȺȻ𾪣δɫ˵ɺŭԼ 
û˵㣬Ϊʲô־ɥΪʧĹȣɺɴ۾ȵ 
˵˵ôδ缤ؽеҲ裬㣡Ҫ鵱 
ĹȣûҲ߳ܣԭϵŮӢۣҪпһŮ 
ĹȣԼûȥ鲻ľͷ 
˼и飬ܹĹȣ𣿷ɺҲ 
վ· 
ɺδһ˵ɫǰܣֺ࣬졣ðа̾ 
УһѪصҲҽĲ 
ʮǰӢ۷磬ȻˣɺѪڣƺҪͻǡʧ 
֮ȷеǳ飬ʧ֧ԽԽߣ 
ľȴԽԽȥָڶն۷ȻţԼ 
춼ϣʹļ尾ܲʱͰ 
ͷĵλʲôҲֻҪھϷ 
ǰҵȷǰ鿴ҵˣɺ鼤ĵ 
Ȼеδ磬˵öԣҪȵķɺˣվǰ 
ҪȵķɺߣɽȥǰһҪҵ 
ȥ֪ʮǰķɺˣ 
δѹŻѣƻŻѴӻȡ꼻ȥ 
仨׿ǰʦģʦҪ˵͸㡣ɺŵһ㣬 
ˬЦʲôδ꼻˵׷ڣ 
ڡɺҡͷҲҪҵαҪѰ׷ڣҪ 
ͷ׷һ׷ң˥ϹһҪȵŮˣЦ 
ǳˬʣĺɽıӣ 
˵δŻѵȥ˼ӿҹߣŻѶ 
飬ȻǻѣδǷ˵Ȱ̳и׵־統ͷȡĺĳ 
ӣȥ÷ɺȻԼڿɽжĵ£Ҳ 
һѡһᣬҵһڿɽ 
ҲԸ⣡ͻȻںͷǸ⿪ˣѸ 
뿪ɺȥδŻѣĵڱ˼֣ɽȥˡ 
ɽʶ·ȡذӰǰϽ˶ʮ죬 
ȣһƬɳĮبǰ֪ǰߣǻؽġޡ³ˣ 
μǡеĻɽطܿ棬³ƹһ 
·䣬Ȼȷ磬εضɳһƬɳĮͻȻһ 
صĻձĻ鼱æһС棬Ϣʱʱֲѻĸɳ 
ãɳϢ̽ͷСһߣվ󺺣 
Ǳ쳣һСĺͬʵ壬·ϵ·𣿡 
塱һ񣬰ֻȫş̌ͷ 
һ󣬽еҲɳĮ籩α任Ҳϲ·ˣǵˮûжֻ 
ƴȵĵطȥߵ³Ҿʶ·ˡһ˵һ 
ʱ䣬һʱȣȣǵˮֻ²ͻ꣬ιûɽ 
һԼװʢɽѩˮˮңȴ֪ʲôʱɳʯһСˮ 
ȫ©ˡ 
һͬСɣһԾе·Ĵ磬Ҫȥ 
ϵ·ȴڲסա󺺶ɳĮ֮г 
ŮȫˣСĺӺȵʲôˣΪʲôڴĮߣ 
˵ʲô·ˮҵˮһң 
кôԸԼȥˮҲǵ·һͷ 
ĺӽеѽƯĹ·ʲôã 
͸ˮһۣƺʲôˣԼһգ 
ȴҲǡȻ˵Ǳ˴˻ҽͷ󷽷ذ 
ӵݹˮڣӻֵˣ߰ɣ 
ĸȫǴڸ֣Сĺǡй١ͦǸŴȴ 
塣δֻ䣬±˿ЦԳļŶ 
ǳͦĸ֣һ֣￣һ 
һôϲĻʵۣƽ֮󣬱ͳһɲء 
˵Ȼˣĵܵ˼ȴ䣬пؽͼıؽ 
ɲ֮ĸͦ˱ؽʿ̽˼ 
䡣 
һҲ֪ǵ̩ȻͬУѶһ·Ϊ 
죬֣￺ȻЦ磬㲻ϲĽС 
ˣ鲪ȻŭȻǰƳɳ۶ͦף 
˵ãδˣǰһԾ£һǰ 
һǺŮһһӳȤ־ϲŮǰ׷ħŮĹŵ 
δڰ˻ʦ֮ʱľ 
ԭԪӢ飬δ硢˴̨ɽ֮ʱ 
ԪӢļᣬϵδð裬ðȴ벻Ҳ 
ɽ֮У˶ϲŮ 
մ̨ɽ֮Ⱥ۷ɢԪӢŮԭɽģΪս 
ɽվסţշת˻ؽԪӢɽ˼ʦϸյɽ 
׷ħŮ׷ħŮһϲֱҪԪӢŮ͸ͽܡԪ 
Ӣ֪΢΢һЦʯץһ飬ɷ飬Ц䵱 
ԨԴѵ׷ħŮͷҲû𣿡ԪӢһ֪ǰţ 
һ䵱׿һй׵İ׷ħŮʦ˵𣬰׷ħŮΪ׿һ 
䵱ϵΧ׿һʦ嶼ˣ书֮ߣֻ 
ǰ֮ˣԪӢϲϡ 
ƽҲ˵׷ħŮĹ£һвԪŮˣԸ 
ͽܣϲߵлԿˣֻԪӢᡣ׷ħŮֻҪ 
ˣҽͽ˲ͬҽ굱ñ˽ʮ꣬꣬Ҿͷ 
㡣 
׷ħŮĺͽִǳúϲ׷ħŮ 
ãѶŽϤĴҩ֮ұԪ̱Ȼ֮У 
÷ǳɫ˹Բ֮⣬۽ڷɺ֮¡Ҳ춼ҷɺ 
棬ϵ顣 
ǰ˼Χ֮£ƴʯɸ 
ŮһգҲѳֻкֵľನȴս 
˼͸ʮĴߣշת˻ؽһɳĮ籩˼ 
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һգȴӦɳ֮䣬ȻбһһŮ 
ǣ˼֮£˳ŷܣ˼зɳ棬 
ҲʧŮѣһŮηɳۣ 
ãɳϢ˷˼лʵʦţɿϴͽ̣ 
ŮЦʲôʦѽʦţһҲ˼һ 
յˣŮЦڲԭôʲôգ 
ҿȫˡŮС磬ˣ̬˼ 
ΪǲԭŮƲǺŮʵ㷢 
ʣǾͨյˣ˼ѧִǳĹ򡣡ŮҪ 
³ҶǼȥӶǺüˣܲһأ溦£˼ 
ʲôأԭǿ𣿡ŮǿûСֻ 
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ǣһǵĹȴۣŮǺӳ𣿡˼ 
Щʿʮ˸һԸˡﲻҪ£Һ׼ϽɯҪ 
ҶǼҾﵽȥˡ˼֪͢ɵؽĶһֻ֣Ϊ 
һʿԺϡǺŮ·ֳͦǵټ 
ѰԸһ̣֪书ĸߣҵ֡˼Ļ΢΢һЦɽ 
֮ȼϸαǷϸԪӢ֮ȥӭ˼ǵģû 
˼ǰòųϵ˼˶ 
ȫģҵҪһ¡ 
һûһض˼лʵɽһǰһ 
Ǵ֪𣿡˼Цˣʶʦδ 
硣ӵձΣ˼ЦδĽ 
ڣαȵϣ书ⶫúܣҲ˵˵Щ 
Ļ˼̸գ˼İɲµŮӣ̸úܿġ˲ 
֪֮䣬һ·ɳĮĺȻꡣ 
־ϲкȻкЦӴ 
ɳĮϳˣʲô֣˵ȥ֡Ҳ 
ǻˣȻ֪«ʲôҩȴ˼Ըİǰϡ 
ҲЦҿ۽ˣﲻǿ򡯴ᣬк 
ǶҪ׷ˡǻؽеһϷŮ׷Ůĵ 
еģñ޳ʫ￥޴˵ľ֡ 
Ϸ˼αۣ״׷ûȡЦ 
ں˼ͨˣؽá򡱵˼룺ôԭϵŮ 
ӣûȡЦ˼ǸӢۣһûŮ֮ 
ﶯ飬ԼҲδ죬֪֮䣬Եñƽʱ 
ࡣ 
˵ǰϸɺ˼һ棬ֻǴθ 
δġ겻˼ûʲôı䣬ֻ䱻ֱδ 
Ŷ˼һȴ˭ 
ϳ˼־ϲ룺̤Ьٴȫѹ 
ӵؽײҵϣ챣ӣ˴󹦡֪˼ղѰ 
ֻһضಫҪȴס 
Ȧڵİ֪߳ͦ˼ǰ׼ܽ 
һ£Ҫ׽˵ڻֻЦ 
͵͵˼֣ûòҲ۾ 
ĿţȻһˣʵʲôˣ 
Ȼʲô£˼ͻȻ𣬴ȵδ罣½ 
ڴ񡣡˼ˣԼãòϲһ 
ȴĺȻڸɺδսʱ˵ú˼ʱ 
ϸĿк̵ӡ 
廹δ𻰣ͦ˫ವذγ˼ǰһվЦ 
һᣡʮһ߽⣬շתɳĮӻģǺοգǽ 
˳ʥ϶Ὺһְٰ˼ɫٿ䣬ǴҲ 
Ը񣬱Ͳͷͦ˵Աߡա 
Ļս޹ˣüͷһ壬˵Ƕǳģǲ 
ǣͦЦϵò˼Ȼ˵ȻˣضѴ 
࣬ǾͶְɡ˵ȣλﶼǺһ·Ǽֻǳ 
ͲӦΪǣǣԸ־͸ͦĴָеã 
ӿ˿÷꣡кιλ˵Щʲôѽô 
໰˵֤˰ɡҲ֪նԲ˵ʲôŭҰ 
֣֣һȥһԾܿе֣ͦйڣ 
ҳ˵ŮҲеʹǴλ磬ˣģ 
Ҵҵģ 
ͦһֺܿ죬ĸв죬ңкǲҲҪ 
֣ˣҲ˺ˣҡͷӴҲܵģ˼ 
߰ɣǺڡЦҲܣȴϲܣ 
нͭһܺÿѽߣȵ 
սЦ˭ҿܣҾͰץƣ˼Ǹɵ 
㡣ʱΣಫҲ˲ˡͦ˫һӣ 
Убɣұֱ㣬ֵ˼ҪѨ˼һ벻ɳĮ֮ 
УȻ͢еһ֣ 
һߣ顢嶯˱УҲǸԳԾҽŹ֣ 
Ƭ֮䣬ʮСһƲӵмֱ죬 
һؽСһӵĵضϣ֪˱˼ 
ٿЦһһתбԲ׵кݶ 
أȻ壬ɽչ壬羪ƮڵлУش߰ 
Ķ̽Ҫᣬѵɽ裬Ϸɺ 
׷ħŮĶŽڣڡɽ߽֮УֻǶ֮ϧǻδ 
ҲϲҪȻҲֵס 
Ա߹սͷ̾Ͳ࣬۱ݱͰ뱲 
ȴǸʤʹŹȾϵʱ֧ 
סؿɵʤ 
˼Ǳߣȴͬͦ书ڲ֮䣬֦йٱ 
ûרʮѨٿֵнʹ̣仯˼书 
ߣȴѷɫҶǴǳԶܽշѸ 
İһ㣬ͦҲмη塣˸չűէէˣٿٿ֣һ 
ᣬ˰ٶУͦɱ˫ʷɣ˼ȵսǴ 
Զ֮ΪءΪȣ˵ȣ˼Ǹ 
ԼԶһá 
֣ͦͦռϷ磬˷ǳȴ崦·磬ֻ 
ⳡɱʤɣ飬ȻȡЦ֣￺Ǻɫ֮ 
ͽһһͣһ˵ιСɲУ 
ټһɣһ˵治ϧ㣬ʹأСο㡣 
֪ǰЦЦһ˵лȣ˭ҿܣ 
ץ߽һҾͲˣƤЦ˵Ҳ 
סǰһδˣȻһɾ磬ֱšδ壬ѸץϹ 
켫һץץ£ȡУһ鵱Ӵ֣ 
￾һδϿڣѸУһѪζòܣ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬 
ѵǰǣ 
ԭŮӣ̸ЦϷ硣 
֪Σ»طֽ⡣  Ժ߽ɽإ¡ƶˡšѼȡ  
߽ɽ ڶʮ  
ƶˡ  
Ѽȡ ֣￷һƣץϣ֣Ťͷ棬ȫ飬Ƥȴץ 
ˡһõɽƵĹ򣬸վǳ˭֪δеˣһץ 
Ȼ࣬һץƺţֻáȻһֱ֣ 
ˤ⡣ߵö࣬һͦű 
ҲѽʹƷ転أ 
εȿ켲֣վʱͦ˼֮䣬ֽȻ 
֣һСѳͦйٱճ棬˼֮ΣЦ˵ 
ҿܣƫ䲻ܣҲҪˡ 
ȥʰǸӣҡСô 
֣÷ʷְ֣ͦݣͦ书֣ 
ȴ֪Ҫ١˼̨ 
ͦΪ򡱣Ц˫ƵģתǬͱѨ 
ȥСѾͷж죿ʶֶΣ÷׿죬ѽһ 
ûڷȣæżһ㣬ƽطֽ࣬һͦæ 
ͷͷһݰ㼲תһСٻ족˫ӭ 
ֽȥһҷִ̣䣬Ʈͦ˵ 
еǰܲһŻһŻ 
ͦ幬һĺ֣ṦȲʵȴҪһһ 
йٱֺݣŰ׷ħŮĶŽʵ 
ֻĳͦ˶սһʨһèʩ 
ʤøѷѽ⡣ͦŰԾ벻һŮ 
 
һ֣⾫ռϷ磬һԽ糤ӣ 
ϣɵݺ֮У循һŶĶѸ 
䣬һͦһע˼飬һĶ䣬Ц 
ѽиûĳ˹֣û취һУˣ 
δ˵£Цһߣϣнһһ 
ѵ巴һûеţָֻѸϣ˳ 
һƣһָնп磬ԼҲϲ׷ 
ħŮĶŽ׺ݣ֮󣬷ֵʹڵϴв̣һ 
˽ᣬ˵֮У뺦ҡΪ˱ң㿳 
һҲáһŰѵʬ߿ὣս 
֣ȻҲ幬еĸ֣ȴвס˼Ǵ尧 
֮ľ𴦣һ˼ɨȥԽΪ 
ˣʵˣ˼֪⣬Ǵӭһűײ 
ţǴ˼ѡ˼һ𡰣һӣ֣ˤϰ 
ա 
ͦأǲָ¡˼ΧͦЦ 
ǶɣҲӢۣޡһЦҶʲ 
ôţৣৣৣնߵţǳֵͦУһ˫ 
ʣʹɷ裬˼Ŀɿڴ̹ͦı죬ɵò 
ˡͦһᣬ˼鲢֣Զ˫бɣһ 
Сչᡱ͵عйĴ֪̽ͦϵ⾹ 
У˫ʷȦ˻ֻáһĽУ 
ͦѳȦӣ͵˼ȥŭһߣߣ 
ϡ 
ͦһǹзһ㣬˼費Ѹͦ嵽Ǵ 
ճ֣˵ѵǰ˼һͦҷףһ 
ƣţȥ˼Ƽ˳ȥ 
أ˫ӣ˼˱סǰһģ㣬 
ķΣæµأͦѳûˡ 
ϧϧ˼ͨ죬Ǹұ²ã 
׸ﲻҪζһЦ˵̫ǫˣ 
˼·˵Ļʮڨ˵飬ϲһ 
һЦʵͬ˴죬㻹δָأ˼ 
幬ʿͬˣҲͲ˵ˡг 
ԭӣʱʱᵽ㣡˼æʵ｣ƺδͬ 
һţ֪ƺҰְֵʦܣ˼־ϲ 
˵ƽˣĴԭﴫ֪ﱻΣ 
żϲգ֪ڴ˵ط񣿡ɫ˵Ҳ 
 
Цӣϵ㣬ȻҵİְַԸǣ 
ȻһӾͽˣ˼ѽһ˵ƣǡߡԪ 
ӢׯµòԪӢ͸֮˼ 
ڽؽ֮ǰԤȴԪӢ뽮ĴػѣΪ˼ 
һ֮㣬شҵ˼ԪӢ屡죬޲ 
Ϊδ˼Ǹһͷ·ϣԶԶд̣ 
ھɣм΢ڸ߿һ𣬼æˣһ 
˰Χˣɫ幬ʿµƥУѡһ 
ƥ飬𴦼۶ȥ 
˵ˣڷɳ󣬲˼Ϊʯɵڻ 
꣬ϵ·ĴȣȵȣȺӡȲ 
;ԪӢס֮˰æѰҡ 
һʮʯɴ·һᣬ泾ͷʯɵô 
ˣҪͨɳĮȥԣԭϵ䣬ӶȡҰޣѰ 
ݵطʯ²⡣еƺǿߣ 
δˣǱͷɳΪ׵˾ǳϡһֽ 
ٿĳ֡ϺȻһָ˵Ľһߣ´ 
䣬״Ź֣ҲԾŲһתı㵽ǰ˫ץ¡ 
һһȥ׼ּһ̿աǹƵ󣬸ڶ 
ɨȥѸὣסʱֻǹ˶һ 
ʯɺȵô󵨣͵Ʋϣһ 
չǹͷһģн磬ˢش̳Ǹƽ 
׽ͽǹŹʯɺ 
ʯ˫˫˵ʯ˫߳ʯݽͷ£ǹһ 
Ȼȥۣĳƺߣʯɷ򸾵ľ֮ 
ʱؾǹȻ书ǿҲסһֵļлһһ 
ڽ֣͵һݣУʯһϴ̣ڰմ 
б£ЦһУǱ糱ӿ׷׳ɱ 
ʯɵʦܣ׿һ²ӣ˴Ħһʽ洫֮ 
һٱʱ󽫺ͼŬ뽮ɽ֮ʱ 
ԭǺѣΪɫһѺýһ˵ 
ǻʦɽ֮ɽ֮һǼˡҿ͸㣬Ҫ 
Լȥȡӹһ˵ϣ뿼ô 
ҲûҪѽҪֻ˵ġĪ⣿ۣ 
ңҵҪһˣûбĽѻæЦ 
磬㲻֪ԭŭǱȥˡбأֵ 
ʹá˭˸ıϵδ磡ɫһ 
ĬȻ̹δûаδаѱ 
ЦѲǱδת͸һŮˣŮ˾ǰϵŮ 
۷ҡҡͷû֡书ǿǿѽϵʮ 
δڣȻ֪ˡȻȴҶ֡ӵ 
ΪʲôԼȥϵҵѾ̽һ˴Ĵ 
ؽҪȥǡȴм֡ӴЦʮ 
δڣȴϻеڶδ磬жٺ֣Ҷܲη壬ã 
һΪҰѱ֮Ҿȥδپ¡ɽδ 
Թ֪Ʒ޷ʤôĦٺδԡ 
ԽΪչ鼺֮һ̽˼³ѡ 
һǧ˼ʿӵȰ;أǡɳ˵ 
֮ʱŷ֣չһɳĮս 
켫һֱı޼֣书ԭԲ 
ʽȥУһûдţʯϳʦܣ 
һѵС 
ټһӣ˷ܣ 
ϽеﻹбѽһѰɣʯϻͷ 
ӣǲʦѣ䵱ɵĽ㶼𣿡ʯ֮ 
ȣֻʯͱ󣬶ǴͶʦǴдҶյĵӣ 
׿һȺΪҪʯΪ֡ӱͲʦַ 
ڣʯ׿һ£꣬ѧֻǡŹơ͡ԧȡ 
־ȴ׿һʮ꣬ʦķѧ˴Ħһʽ 
׿һ²Ծӣ䵱ɵΪµһͣ 
οʯɵġѵʯɲ˵ˣһ˵ͷӹһЦ 
ʦѧֹ򣬾͸ʦ֮󣬶ʮع 
ɽ˭ʦ̧ʦѵң 
зֵҲ˫ƷֱʯɲȻŭһԾ 
£һӣȭһڡϻ򦣬ӹһЦ΢Σ˫ָ 
ȻʯвʦֻЦʯȷļ 
£һСŹˡֽ緢ֱӱģʯҶյİŮ 
ʮרѧŵݽΪԶʯ֮ϣһ磬֪ 
ǰһܣŰƶҲȥӺһƣƷ罫 
ƶᣬֻ΢һֻ͵һѸʯ̴ 
æһƲ˿ȥƿڴݣʯﻹǰ׷ϵΧϣ 
һˣ𴦣ն˼ʿ˳ȱڣ 
ǿɳĮϷ۵𣬸ʯɷ򸾵һ֣һ沦˵ʱ 
ʱҲܵС 
ɳĮ֮ϣ۵ʯǰһָԸǱи̨ǽȥݱ 
һᣬþɱڷ籩֮󣬴٣Ҫһǧʵ 
ܣܣҲر׷ϡֻˣ˷һ뱤ݡ 
̨εıݣΪפ֮ʱ䣬𣬿Ի 
Ӧᣬֻ߰䣬Ƭ̣ȫˤ⡣˹غʯţڷ̨ 
ϲء 
ϵڸϵѷ̨Χס̨࣬ṦõģԾ 
ϡϺȻԣиʯɷ򸾺ͺˣһ֣ 
ȥزУʱ˽֮֡ЦΧ죬ǲҲ 
һǧΪӣĻȥϢ 
Ӹ˽ŹֽۣЦ˵õģ 
ܸ㣬Բԣӵģѵ𣿡ϵ 
Ȼǹȴ˷֣ʩչṦȽţ˵ 
У磬ѽô˵Ҳʦ͸ҵģǶѣСɽһͬˣ 
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ߣȥδ룺ʦµΧԼʦ֣ʦֽ 
ȥı͸˵ⷬɮֲ˭ֻڼ˶ʮ֪꣬Ǻ 
ǻȻѸĹôڼɲػؽ˶ӦĿвǣֵΪһ 
ѽ䣬ǷɮֺȵʲôˣҿϷү֮ 
δҾʦܣʵֻ֪һʦܳ 
ϣôһˣʦܣôҲڵʦֵ˵ 
δüʵ˵ʲôʦЦ㻹֪׼Ǽ 
ðˣϴٱ˻ؽȥʦģҰƽ 
ɲأӦһرҲأͰѽУǻ 
ʲô˵δȻԲ˫ۣȵұҪѽģȴƫ㣬 
ȡ 
ʦȵͽҰͽ£귬ɮϣδأ 
ɽֻȭͷͬʱϣֻáĲδ磬ȴ귬 
ɮʦһȻ´ɮۣӭһһƬֱδ 
ͣƲܹƣһץ۽ǣֻץһһ㣬֪ɵ书 
ҲѵǷ켫һѲ˺˰ɮۣʦǰɮѺɨ 
ƺһҲ۵׹δӶȻһֻ磬ûţʦʧ 
ģһΣδڵطһţʦȻƽذɶߣɮۣٶ 
˻ 
ɿɽʦʦʦܣԶʮ֮󣬻ص 
أǱٿ˶ʮ꣬ԶǰɱȣȻδãδ¶ 
˵ͬסһңҹδƲ 
²УδػƣСķĺá 
ѷ磬ֻδׯڣ͸ʰˣֵҺ㶯𣿡 
˯ȴԴ㾫̽ءһ󣬺ȻйӴⴵ 
˻һãѷɽΪ׵Ц 
ﶼһ̳·ɷһһ 
Ѹնϣʮ֦÷𱦽һƬ죬÷붼÷ 
ȥ·ɷδϵæңͤһӣ÷ȫ䣬 
𴦣ӥãץȥ 
ˣΪѣո˯һ־ѹֻԺû 
ͤ˵ץΣ׷ħŮĶžС޳͵һ 
ͤġѨͤһѹһߣһԺ 
ͤһãָ繳ץ齣ɷһתб̳ 
ȥͤԳ𴦣ָв£ֻʹѣȻ 
ȴвסֻͤ㡣ͤ㣬书˵ã 
Ȼ·ɷ˻ȥץȻһЦ·ɷﹾһڵϣͤ 
һӣһȦⷴȥеʩ㣿 
ʯһͤɼشȥʯݽͷѹ£ͤ 
򣡡һʯʯЦһؽɨ˲Ϣ֮䣬Уͤ 
һӡǴȻתһߣƮƮͤȺᲦ 
߽мȴмǱͤȴ˳ˮۡս 
ָȾ˵Ľճס˵ƶѣͤʮ 
һ̽Ҳʹһ֣Ž˵ƣһбԾ䡣Ǹ 
ʯ¡ 
ͤŷأɺ¥µȺ򣬳޺Ⱦͤž 
书˼УأǾóָһϻ֦طɳ 
лرһɨ̽һѶȫ䣬ͤӣŶȻһ 
ȣһˣδȵ˫ɣһԧȣͤ˻ 
ʯɡ 
ͤһ˷ȫƽĸ֣ȵأЦԶΪʤ 
ͤͷ­ֻһţҪȡҾüʯɺʯı 
վǡһͻȻԶߣֻҪܽУҾ 
ȥ˭Сȴͤһֻˣ 
ԾȻùȵ˫ۣҶͣ 
һСˡӣ˼ȰСŹͻȻ 
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ͤнϼʮ꣬ȻǸʶĴмң֪ڹտֻ֡ 
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ͤҲмʮ깦Ȼ֪Ȳӣ룺ֻУҲ 
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˵أͤͻǰӰһΣӳĹֱ֣ 
ţײţżϥǡһУͬʱԷλ 
ʹʮ˷ġá⣬ʵ޿ӱܡͤϾ˼һ 
һַֻͦĹڶڶҪ 
ת 
ͤδ񣬺ȭָ΢Խ𼦶֮ƣ 
ԼĲ棬ȭţָв£ֳɡʮְ֮ƣߵֻҪ 
һԼֻޱбϳ书ȫ 
ӺȻЦһһͦˣֻͤҪƣæһ 
ת԰˷ƷӦ˵ȫ湥ơһӣʵҲ޷ 
ֻƣδǰˣת֮ԻȻȵҪˤȥ˫һ 
Ѹ籼ףƷӰУͤһƽطɳɣҲΣһ־У 
ѣʮ֦ӷ⧲ɵҲһ 
æʹһ׳족֮ƣͤſ񱼣ɺ׷ 
 
˵δɶ񶷣ϤУ൱ãأδʤδ 
һ䣬Ѱ۽һ˰ɽѧõĽʩչ 
ȻĨϤ·ɮɵĸ˰һ 
սּʣһѲδİɮۣеİɮ۾ţһ 
ʣɵɮۣƬƬ鲼δһȥɲҽһӣδ 
׷ȻϾ׷УֱһƣˡӴһδ 
Ҳ˹Ϊ 
ͤδһƣȫӳȻ 
ָһ㵹ϣʦѴͽܷˣ 
δսɣͤׯڣΡ 
Ц˶ˣαعڻ˵հͤѺׯڡ 
ʯУ·ɷ˫ưͤϣȵ 
㵽ЩʲôΪλׯʵ˫ù 
飬ٰ书ˣ 
ͤϵø޼Ĵʦе㲻ңֿ廨 
ĺ·ɷһۣ̾һϺңһͷм 
һѪڵϷһ󣬾ˣ 
΢΢̾Ϣæһ·ɷ°ͣ·ɷ۴Уȫ飬Ѫ 
³ʹ̣ΪǷֹ·ɷҲѧͤɱ 
·ɷʹеǰɱ˰ɣһģȵ˵˵ 
·ɷҽһǻֱó˵ʲô˵ҸʯɺƵ 
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ɷ￴һۣײͨ죬ͷĵһƣѺ·ɷĴ 
÷顣 
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ϽׯֻԡѢ֮Խʦ˳ȥׯ 
ʦֺӵͤˣҪ̽ʵ·ɷɫ죬һ 
ׯ̽ӣʦͺͤׯڲɻԪӢ 
ͤĶѣڶκɻ֮ٷ 
֣ɥ 
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׼ɺͷЦǲԼϽӵĵǲ˼ 
˵ŮӢ۶ɽǺüˣԸǰδЦ 
ǲػˡô죬˵ɡӷŹ۵Ƕ 
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ɽɽˡˡδ罫һס˵磬ҪȥҲæ 
ֵܻҪ·棡ӵȹҵĻҪҶ 
£ҿɲɡ 
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飬ؽĴԭ׵۳֮أ׵һڲԭ϶ȹģ֮Ի 
ĴԭҲ˵һ飬ͺĸһһ 
δ磬Ը׵ĻӶԲԭĸ顣 
˼Ȼֲԭϻһڶǻ˹ȥǸ 
̧ͷе飬磡Żѣɱӭǰ 
ȻͣעӣɵôЩʲôŻѽе飬 
ͷͷ 
ָ˿ȻʵҵͷˣŻϲһͷ 
ûˣ鵽Ȫˮһգֻͷںڣˣ˵ 
Ż޵ãȻ̾׷ڷ 
޹أ׷ǣڷ಻ϲǸɺˣ 
Ż㲻ӳɽԸ𣿡һҲ 
ңҲ÷ɺڵѾǰˣҺڶɽ֮У 
ڲԭ֮ѽҵһ龭ⳡ䣬 
δļɽŻѵİȻûİѾһǿ 
ĸǹˣǶڲԭĸ飬Ҫ̳׵־ԸΪԭϵ 
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λã˿û̸˵԰׷ڷ飬ˣ 
ŻĬȻ飬˵ãҶ 
ģҵĸ׸ɱʱҵҲǳŸĻ棬һҲ뵽 
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ˣ㿴ˣ 
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飬磡ŻЦһЦŻȻú֡ 
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δ֪书ߣ½ѧ˴ĦǶʩܽշ 
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Χ׼һΣ֮ʱȡ 
ӺὣأδԶ˫Ŀӣþò˷֣Ȼ 
һٿδһڵϴ˼ 
޼ˣ˸֪ʲôʱվͷʯĦ 
ֻһһʱ䣬ѽʹʮֹУδ磬Ҳѵֵ 
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ȣȻȻȥʹǹ罭⡣ĦȻ 
ȴ˲δֺ 
ӶȻһֽУٱ䣬˷ӵӰǱ 
䣬䣬ҹǣǧ㣬δΣѱ 
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˵δ絣ģȴǵһδ翴Ǳţʵȴ 
ϳ˵Ľŷֻǰ粼һͭǽȥָ 
һɼǱ˻ʱҪϳ书ȥδֽճ 
һٶУ˿ۻңȻδڽԾһȦ 
磬ɨһ˫˫ǹʯɱǸ죬˫һ 
ǰͷУӣϣ˺δͣδЦվ 
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ŻȻЩ׵㣬ȫδýϵʯҵȥģȻδ 
Ϊˣɥ֮ˡ 
δҲ۽أЦʱ˵ýٶУżȻʧһ 
Уֵܵʮɽа˳ɻ򣬼δֻӮһУ 
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ȻԭԪӢǰٿطѴ뽮 
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Ҫʮ£ǲܹɺʮ֮ڣұܰϽ壬ۼ 
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ࡣȻ»ֻĸӵһЮ壬 
ġδ翮Ȼ˵Һ͹죬ʦֵ˴ 
̣Ը߲ԭһˡȺ͹磬Ȼ»շˣ 
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߽ɽ ڶʮ  
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ϴһ ֵϢһԭԭϵǣرǲԭϵǣһ 
̸ϢŭĻ棬ǵͷȼ˭ѹϨ棬˭ͽ 
 
ڿ߲ԭǲҹ̸ۣÿԭ䣬ϼޣȺϢ֮ 
ڲԭΣʱʱȺߵƧ֮˽顣Щ֮У 
»Ů˿͹˵˼á 
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˼õȫλ˸ҳ⡣˿ôҵĸף 
˼õݹһҩۣ˿˵˼䣬˿Ҳֻˡ 
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̬ȫʮֵ⣡˵͢ƹֱ룬֮ 
ѩձ㽫ˣδ㣿һԣ߷׼ڹ 
˼ϡ˼֧ͷ΢Ц֪»Ժ˼׵Ϣģǲɣɽ 
̲סغʮ꣬ԻؽŴñһģʸ־ 
ֻֿռȼǣڲԭϻսū 
ۣǵҲԲ𣡡»Цж̸ͣսʮǰ 
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ٲҳصʮǵ˲ţû˱ȵյķɺ 
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λӢʵǽɽȭͷ׼˼һЦ 
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ĸ߼ɽ˺˼һۣ»üЦл幬ʿ˵ 
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Ұ֮λʲô˵ģ˵գʩһλʹվλʹ߶ 
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һ֪֣ 
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ȥڰΪ飡ҰţҰԴ󷢣ٿ˶ദͲ 
׷׺У΢΢һЦָֻͷҰţһҰţʹƣ 
ϥ£ָһţöѪ»ִװʢװҪ 
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»ŭ뷢˿ڳЦӯӯض»˵ְ֣ú 
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Ц˵Ȱƣɽŭ𣬵˹˵˼һ 
ۣߣ㰮ĺù 
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ЩӣһٺôҲķ»˵˼ã㻹ǲϺȾƣ 
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ʲôδҵϣ 
δ˵ˣʶ˵ı죬ж£ 
裬ǿԣһϣǾ˽סһ 
֮Уһ֣ιҲѽһӲͷƤ 
α£㣬Ϸȴ㡣ʵǺµýδһЦ 
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ѡһ֣ 
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뷢ñ˵У㴵ʲôҪ 
ѽһͷʱԼŲ۵ǸͷδһЦ 
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β𴦣ߣεⱾƷеɱ֣ 
ӻ㣬СƵһƣϣ۴һһ 
Ѫ³ 
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ת˵ǰ÷겻͸ʮơʮ·ÿ·Ÿ仯ܹ 
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սУѰƻ·죬ȴ֪ӵƷǺɺμң͹ 
УգȻв±һѣתֱһѣ 
һơȴ˵Ƕ̲šŹϷŪЦԷǣ̨ 
áֻƷٿٿˣЦʦֽУһͷ 
ţ 
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УȥӣΪƽܴ裬־ǼֻƬιĦ 
ҲĦӵĹУǰ־ַзʼȻͨ 
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ʦģҪ׷ְʦһˤ 
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ǡеȰ˿ҰְҲһ֮ҿ 
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붼ϲ˿ǵ˺һѪӡҰ 
ֵ⣬ͷԣԸ˿壬⼸찲źõġɽ 
ôҴֹˡ»ȻһһѪ˵ء 
ԭ˿ղѪƸ׺ʱʹеһЩɫҩۡҩ 
ǲԭϵɣԼȣȫ综˴Ȳһ㡣ҩ֮ 
˼ôϵѧģ˿ƾȸ»ϼ 
Ůָв̽ƾͼƣװȿˣʵǻѵġ 
˺һ˶ӵŮ壬룬ַŭѪŪٳ棬 
ɲˡ 
˿֮Է»ĻϢ߲ԭĸƺ˼ 
δʮָˣٱЦһҪһϢ֪ղ»˵ɺ 
ɽҳⲻģɺѾϽǾ 
ʹߣһ󻶺˼ýδ֣м˵ 
ʮǰʦͷɺŮҵȳ 
ˡɺٳǺüˣǿ߲ԭĸ䣬ԸңĽơ 
δһյѪƣʽˡ 
˵˿Ѹ׷ʺѩˮҩ»Ȼ̾Ů 
˴ۣϳҪ֦ˣ˿ְ֣ﻰֻҪ 
ĻڸģλлŮǲΪ㡣»ЦһȻ˵ 
Ҫְ˿ҪصϽ 
ֻͣҪˡ˵һ˾ͶοְֻǶ 
ʮǰĿӢۣ»ֻ±˲ô˿뷴⣬ 
»ѱ۾˵ƣߣŮҪˡ 
ϵڶһ»Ȼ˽ȥˡ˿ּŮһʱ 
Ϳҽ»ܵ˵˼ҲҸߡδ 
УеʮΣֻǿδʺɺ 
ʱƣʱʱ֣ԭϱ̿ϴȻ䣬ȴĿ 
δ׮£ʮ죬һ·Ͻӳԭ衣ӿ߲ԭص 
³Ҫɽ֧ĽʿɽɽûɽĸҲվ쳣ɽ 
ɽѩɣԱɽѩıӣƲͬ 
ɫѩɽϿȣڷɽ֮䣬ޱ׳ľɫ 
δĿӾɫ̾ɽбӣȴ׳ 
ӵǹһϵĴ˵˵һλŮɵ 
ȥһȥءĽʿɽճͷ˱ʳ˱ӣδ 
ǺҲɽ֮Ĵ˵ɼ壬Ů黳ͬġ 
δӵĻ˼ãȻʵ磬ҲйĽ 
ŮôӷŹۣľȻ𡣹һᣬ̾ɽҶʮǰ 
ģʱҵʦΪ˶ܰ׷ħŮһؾͱܵɽҵúÿࡣҿʦ 
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ǰһĻĻشͷǮ֮ҹµĲʯ 
ˣطְֺˮĻɣԹ۹⡭δشһ 
䣬ĵеأ 
ӹøδôõ书Ͳס䣬ڱϮ 
䣬ʵôˣδãȻһȥ 
аôδȻҡңôа 
ʣȻһ𶯣δߴԾȥеãѩˣɲ 
Ǽ䣬ɽ޴ɽӦ˵ĥ̴ıѩϹ£ 
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о飬мϳ˵ṦɽѩɹŲܣȻˡ 
ãѩŽͣϢδ緽͸󰧺 
Ծɽ㣬֮ԽԽ󣬶Ҵ䣬Ȼвѩѹ֮֡ӵ 
ˣôôˣδ缱ǿȥܾȵöپǶ١ 
ܳɽڣһֻɽ㣬šδһͬС 
ɣöɽ߳ȣӵѽǱ˶δ̧ͷ 
һĺƮδ磬𣿿ѽ 
δһȸղۿʱֻվһΣ֮ϣ 
ԳԾȥ 
δ߳һɽâַɳչֵæң 
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ǳɽɵʦ׽һΧһ׷˺һŮ׷ 
ڵ⽣Ӱ֮ʯͻ˴СʦܡŮδ 
οԭʯɺ˶ոǿ²ڵ֣֮ 
˽磬ȳһٷۿʱֲһΧʯɺľ 
߰˸ɮокԼ񶷹ʦֵܡΣɵĸ֣ 
ŵʦ⣬㳲ٷۿʱ߰˸ʿֳ 
һȥΧӣһȴԼδ簵һҲৣ 
ৣৣʯһ缲裬ӭļűУ 
ԭδġδȥգɺѺ 
ˣһأﱤоٻ⡣ 
սԣǳƱȴ򣬲ʳȫɺսԣ޷ 
ʩʮǼǱҪǿõԲСԵﱤսҲ 
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ǾͳԵɺ̾Ϣôһ޾ڵսˣ 
ǿֻѲԭһףԽԽҲܳͣ 
ȥսһҵļˣսһʱҲδ磬 
һ߲ͬԭȥӦδ硣Ӻöֺã 
һڴӦԸΪ·ɺ󣬷ɺĿǰ£Ҳδ磬һ 
ʡ 
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Ҫ߲ԭҲԸͬУȥӦδȥ 
ӡֻһʦˣʦȻƧͿҲֻܰѹŵϣڶ 
ˡΪй;ɱʦֵĳʹ飬ر 
ӣԡˡݣ˵ѾҪֻǱѧգ 
˼ƶǷǡ 
ڳȴŴԶؽġͳ˧ղǿǸͨ 
սԵˣһԵﱤսƽһгپͻҹ 
оڲԭԵöܹɺӪأ뿦߲ԭ̣ 
Ӿ»Ʋԭ壬ؽֱйϽĵ 
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˵ҵˣͬţ˵ءܴ֮һĽʿɽͺ 
ǻˡֻ٣ϹǡϹЦδ 
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ɲɣյĽʿɽڣʯɵҲһսʯɵ 
ЩܣȻɽѩʮ书ϸߵԼһʿ⣬ 
ɽҹĴѩȡѩУԹ˲Ͼսͣ 
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ڵɽҧսʯ˫ƷɣʩչŹƵ 
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һײֱ֧ȥֻһ飬һ⿪ƣ 
ҲǻڷȣֳһΡ˹൱һУ 
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УŻһȻСֻǴ˴߽档 
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˫ŴϣȴգһŨ̵ϣ 
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ʯǱߣƽϺãҲռ˱ˣʯ˺϶ 
ʿʿ֮Уһǽڳϵĳɴͦһ˫йٱʣһ߰˴磬 
רʮѨʯˣܲСʯɼʮרž 
ԧר̣Źר϶õ˱Уһδ 
սҹȽĽǰ׷ħŮ洫ֻպ֮ 
ɽֻгͦҺУﶼմߡ 
ɵʦܣҲԲͬһţϰأͬһ壬 
˽ˡշתܣʯˣж书ǿգҲ 
ںġ 
񶷵ҵĻδһߣЭϵʿǴʮڵ 
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ҲűȡδսѣУˡһУأδܳ 
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ϿͶ˳ⱻʬδһн蹵һɨ 
ɰɰɰɣһƬ죬Ѽʿıȫ˴ƻһ׹⣬ 
ֱϳȥϲҺƴһ˼ 
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ǱߣΣգΣ֮ϣǰ޵·׷ 
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ΣչֻΧ˳֮ڣŻ޻֮ˡ 
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ǵ׼ˣδеţҾЦߣԭ㻹и 
ãҲһһһʿЭ 
أɽĹȫʹδͷûг 
һᣬ֮⣡չƴһֽͻϷˮƷӥ̿գ 
ͻѺñӥϼ򣬷̹ʱ 
ۣ֮ϵһ벻Ľѵ˳뻯֮ϴ 
־࣡δȻףײˣԼ֮ 
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ֽ֪δң⵹ǻʦʲôƫģҲǽ¼δ 
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ӱ߽ƣһʦƴԮΪжһа 
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תһ룬Ѹʯһ߷Ҳ˱ӡŭҽһС 
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ӹ˲׷ʦ֣ʣµʿԪƢִԱ 
ݺϣӷŭǳͺһһȥƻ÷ϰգһ 
ץʿץ˹ˤȻ˫飬Ų鸡ǰ 
ðԭղԼƴһѺľӳ̾һҽ 
ڴˣƷ裬ԾҲվһ 
ڴϢһæ˫ŶأҲϢ䵱ش֮ 
࣬ʱӺվţ಻˶ƶ˵Ĺ 
һ˫۶סɫǳֲ 
ԭղʯɳײţҲʯɻһƣܾ 
ˣĹҪʯ޳ɸ߳һһƣȻ۶߹ǣȴܹҧ 
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֮ǰٺɢڵϣܶȻԺãָ֮ 
ڲһҲǾɢһƴˡ 
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Ӳⲻ⣬İ֣ͷһԻֱȽ 
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ʿȻ±ӣҲôʱץһʯ飬һ󣬱 
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գǣδ缱һȵĦơƾԾɣӳ 
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̣æڶܣȻϾ 
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ȵδʹŭɿ񣬺Ȼ쳤Хֽȳһ磬˴ȥ 
缤ʯҷɣһŴõϣϲɴ󾪣æʿЭͬ 
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ͷ­֮ϣҲ䲻⣬һͳһϵĵһƣ;һ 
һֻ䣬ѺּңʹһֽУеǡǡһʦֶײ 
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ʱղཻ֪࣬ĺŰ׷ħŮĶṦðԾ£Ծ֮ʣ 
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ˣ 
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һһʹ׺׳족ɶߣڰٿ 
һֽУ೤һ佣ϲھս֮ô˶У 
ҪֻؽһΧȥ֪ǰһӰѾ;ͷ 
ϣһ˼һţʹķΣӴδв¶һ飬 
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˴һ׹⣬ȥһɽеǷ켫Ĺ 
Ǹ¡ֻ׹һңʿεãʱδһԺֱ͸ 
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һ죬৵һֱ̽ȡţһýһܡ 
δһȴУһһУ˦ۻ֮б 
ۣݺɨϲӲӣһܺ;̤գѹ 
֮⣬δֽٿһָ㵽ϵѣ 
ϱĿδ硰Ӵһأһֻδ 
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ϥ䣬Ҫ㵹ϴϲԾһƻȥδ羹޵ 
𵹵ϣ 
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ͻȻᷢΣ书տ֢ѲˣżȻͻ 
طǰҵˮоһΣڱ֮ԣսһգ 
̫࣬ŨȻͷ֢ͻȻ书Ϊ 
 
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