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Ժ׷ħŮϾһءʸ񹭡޻¡𰰱  
׷ħŮϾ һ  
ʸ񹭡޻  
𰰱 һǧ  УħӰݺ᣺̨𣬿ɵ÷ħ 
ħ 
ħħҪʰӢѶŮ顣 
ɣ˺˪̾˾ͷδϣһŵˡ 
Իʫƣʫ䡣ɽϣ߱ߣī顣 
     ԰  
£ز˥һبʡ߽ĴɽС 
ǰͷǼʦмһ⳵һѮʿƤ 
磬̬Ӻݣһͷ⳵һüĿ꣬Ȼ졣 
еʿжεƹܶ׿Ȼδ٣ 
˵úã֪ʮѩο̰ܶ 
ۣǮϵͷҲԲ١жλ磬Ҳ˼ʦ 
͡ 
ǸüĿ꣬ȴʦ֮Уһԭ׿ԭ   
ͥӧڣֻƲֻһһ׿ͣ 
Ϊ٣˻ְ֮׿һʱ游Ҳʮ˾ 
ˡ׿һСˣ游ʮֻشǹٹҲӣ 
硣û⹢ȴӵˣ˵ڿ 
ء⹢ͬգֵҲҪ  ˴ͬУ 
㡣׿̸ʫ⣬ѧպҲޣ 
ЦǸ鲻ѧֲɵƽ꣬ļͷʮֹ 
ȴɵ׿Ϊ졣 
ʱʮ꣬𶫱ʱʱ֣ڼɡá︳ܶ 
֮һϣȫũ񸺵ƶ˷׿Ƹʦ 
ͣҲòĵ 
йأɽϺ۹ǰеļʦ붼ɫ 
һϣСʵ᣿ͷ˫ɷ 
Ŷԭֵܣǵɰ¹깦Ҫһ㡣˫ɷᣬ 
ͷʦģ΢΢һЦס  ⳵ 
ϣȻĶ׿ϴ򰲣ûʲᣬֻСֹһᣬ 
ӹ׿ҵҲһƣͷ 
ŰλͬʱĪֵУʲ飿ϰȻ˵ 
ʲ¼ֵֵʱҲϵıֻƾһŵҲҪ 
仨ˮ ʦΨΨŵŵһζУ׿ɫư 
Ϊá 
ļУƻʱ֣ѽǿ̹أɽխ̹˴ 
߽һҪڣɽӣθߴɣĺˮͱԼֻ 
ļɽбڶ  ˮŨһ߳ɽڣǰͷ 
֮أһУһɫѣŰԵ  ס׿ 
˺һް飬òΣաǸǰȥͬΣҡ 
ҡͷһӹǰǰ 
ǵխɽڣͷãײǿҪ㡣δˣɽǱ 
ʮĽҲ߳ӣм䣬ۿҪײϣ׿ 
ʧȴһȻڿն𣬼ǣȻԾ 
ɵļԽ棬˶԰ӣ֮£ͻȻ͵ 
ⷻһⷣͷסǰɽڡ 
һǰȭ˵ú·Ϊһ׺ӽеƾʲҪ 
ǽ·̰֮˿ɵáϵ֪̰١һ׽еҪ 
·Ҳѣ±ɣһԲͻȻȡ±ϵһ 
һ򵹣׺ӹЦһѵ 
еһϣ׺ӣŲȻɫɣе֪֪ 
أϸ򻰣ǣǺӴȥ 
׺ӼƮ磬һں񱳳ͭпģѱĵӣĵ 
ɣ쵯꣬ԽԽǺӽеæңһŨü 
ĺӺҲҲȡһŵȻɫĻ 
棬һŵãӭġȴܵס 
׿Ļһһֻ  ȻŻȼգһ 
׻ӡ׺ҡҡͷɽȻ¶ʧϵ飬ʩչ 
˷ꡱ񵯾׺⧲һֹؽھУһ 
ȦӣȻȭе䵱ɽȻ鴫۵. 
ˣǷĺҲе֮ǰ۵ʺ 
˵ǻԳͷɽл˼ҵ겻ɱ֮ɣ˵֮ᣬһڣ 
˵ͬⷣ˳ɽȡ 
ϷµЦȻ˵õȻ 
ˣȻǰ֪꣬ʲʱִӶ԰˸ղŽæңû 
졣ϵСЦҡЦʲ᷽ңֻ 
㲻˴ѡ׿³ǰ꣬տգ˵ 
ߵģȫǸģʵ¿ǳѧֽ·;泤 
;Σյúѽ깪ӰѧҪϿϲ̨ 
ʡ׿΢Ц̿˵ԭȱ׿ϴˣʧ 
ʧԱϣ̸úûԵϣް飬Ը 
βϴ˱ӻգ˼գ۾׿ĴȣȻ˵˴ͬ 
Уʲᰭ£ºαлˡ˵һ 
ԣʵǿ塣ϣĴ֣ΪҹʨӣȻ 
񿥣ȴѱͨ˶׿õó棬Ҳû 
ġ 
׿ƸǼʦղһֱųʱΧڹߣ׿Ļ 
һ䣬Ȼ°ݣͷִϥǧ 
׾Ȼ֪ӢǸмңȴ֪Ӣ۾䵱ߵܣҪ빢ӢͿ 
ԣ׿ˣȻ⡣ 
΢ЦһЦͷ˫ַ˵ĳţȻӣǾ; 
;΢Ц֣ĳǱڣΪѲϧ߲嵶ͷ 
ġ׿淢ɺ 
ԭ⹢ϲǶʿӣǵʽɵĵڶӡ䵱е̩ 
ɽ䵱ɵ书׿ĸʦܣҶˡʯ 
ˡƵˡ  ˣϳơ䵱ϡµӣ԰ټƣ⹢˰ʯ 
˵ͽڵڶУǸ͵ 
ղ·ٵǸ׺ӣзɽͬŨü۵ĺӣлԳ챦 
ͬǴ  ߾ĺˣ书˫ɷ֮ϡ䵱Ծӣ 
أһǿʦ䵱˵ݣ޹ٻ 
Ǽ֮¡ͷһ»Գͬʵڲ²͸ϵ⣬ 
Բ˵һ㻰ס 
׿ʱùԼʶˡֻ 
лɷ׿ҲԵΪ׿ʶľ 
ιҶֻЦ 
ǰϣȴԵʮľһ·϶׿͹϶ִ죬 
ѹǿƽˣ·ϲμɵ壬˿ 
ϳûͷһ֪ǲȵ׸ٵ죬ĵҵһ 
鶼ûɹᣬЩμɵȻˡ˴ 
䣬׿չ˶ɽǰ̹;ˡʦҲ˿ֻйȴ 
Եرţ·ϵ飬ȫ 
һĿ͵갲ЪϣȻ׿һҾ˵ 
һ·϶бӻЩĳңһ·٣Ȼӵý 
¡һз紵ǰϴ˲ؾֻ֡Ҫƹܶĵ벻Შ 
׿һͷ·ֻɰ̣ģ̌ 
ΡԵִϲжδ١ֻһҲǽ 
Ѻ׷ǹʣ֪ʲ⣡ڳ˫һŴ 
µ񣬺Σ˼ϴһհ죡Ǳ˴˽ҿҪ 
ģͬѣ 
ϣ΢΢һЦǸȻڿ͵Լռһаһ̴ 
е껨ϲ֦λεĴţְ̤Ŷ 
ǽǣԹϵǶ㵽᷿ȥҺͷ빢ϼ 
о֣Ǽʶ㣬Ҳ͸Ǻ· 
˷գǺᶷתҹѽţϣУҲ 
׿׿£˯ͷѵϺȻ 
˵ˣ 
ŵϣͻȻѾƺһ٣˵λԶʧӭʧӭ̤ 
߽󺺣Ϊ׵˫Ŀˣ˵ѣʡµĿȥ 
ϣЦʲ°Ǵɫһ뷢᷿ƹܶε 
һȵʲģ㲻ǡϣ˵ģ 
λСܳҪһҵķ룬𴦷ȥɡǺӡߡһ 
㿴ˣ˫һ͵᷿ȥ 
е׿ʧ˵ǾеĽԭǳ͢أ 
Ϊ׵ĺǽһָӣʯƣ׿ǰƻ֮ܶʱһ 
Ա˰ɽⷸ٣ɾʯ죬ϵá 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʯһ᷿ڴܳұһ񣬺ȵʲ 
ˣҾϴ˵ļݣ˫һ˶˼׿æеʯָӣǱ 
ְڴˣǻʲʥּҪٱְ᣿һʵ۶ԸпѶ 
һС£͸ȥٴ׿ոжΣĻʵҪ⾩ 
ˣʯһϡϵãеȻ׿ϴڴˣС׽շ 
ðˡЦ϶׿ǹػ˵׿Ǹ 
ù١׿ԶæҾȾơʯƵ׿Сˡ 
СʥּҾϴ˰˳ǰԹϺ 
ϣۣЦ׿ڣӲúܰ 
ʯᣬһֻʮӡݰж࣬Ц˵Щū 
ţϲ¶书Ǳȵ͵顣е׿Ȼе 
ֶ 
׿  ԶȻ𣺾еĽ׷ˣǰض 
Ҫշãշĵƣᱻϲ֪ǳ֮ 
ʱҲ˲ýǳæѹ˵ˡһЦ˵ 
ѿ׿д˵Ȼ߳ 
Ӱҡ죬ϣ󱭴󱭵ĺȾƣɫһٺЦ͵ܣ 
ǽϵĴмң֮ϣֲطŭСǲѶΪ 
֮˫һתٿһץȵ㵨Ұ䵱ϷŪϣ 
ͷһ࣬ƺһϣϣ΢΢һЦⶸȻһ 
ƾȻһԣϣȻϣ¡ϲɴһã 
ֵѨһʽȻ䵱ɴֵʮʽ֮һϣϣ 
ӱܣϹȵһײİֻһ٣ 
ѹϵ𣬵ȵ֣֣ǿѾˣҺȫ 
һԶХɫ㵷ʲȥһ 
һϣЦǿʵ  ߽ɴ 
ᵽˣŭ׿˲ûжӣǺαСӦ 
ϣϣЦ㵱Ӧ᣿Ҫٵңʲ׿ˣ 
˳ǣ򣬽СܣٽǣҲ˵ϰŰɣﰵ 
ֿտգϣֳ˵Ͽ˻᷿ȥйεĵȡ 
£Ҳ꼰ءһɣϣȻվߵ˵˼䣬 
ϲɵõ˵ͷæ¡ 
Ƭ̣ХԽԽϣѴŴ򿪣ӿʮӣ߸߰վ 
һݣһŰҲڡͷŵഽף˵ 
ˣǿˣŰ⣬дɽڻҵķֵܣ 
Ͷɽۡϵδưɣ 
ɽ۵ϴ괺վڵУ˫ĿһɨЦģ鱦 
óǲǻǹٵˣϣ˵ϴ 
Ҳ춽ˣѵҲ𣿾Ŵǡض֣һ 
ˣ˵չЦ 
Űܶ۴һĴָ˵ϵܣģó 
ǼʶʶǺúýѡϣ緻ǽһ𣬷 
̴ϣֻľ֨֨죬γ彣һԭǺĺˣ 
κ˿˶Ϊľһ֮£ʱ͸¶Ƥľʮ 
滹ǶʮԲè̱飬ⱦóʡ 
á 
ԭоִһ̣֪ܲжٽƱٲʧһ 
߾ǿϣжգ̤ǸС 
صĽرȴںδ˭Ҳϲԭǰ֮С 
ϣһЦһ̤ţ˵ҶͬˣСûʲᾴ 
⣬̤ţ봨±߽ĵͬԴССɣȺ 
괺˵Уˣ̤ţתߡ 
᷿͵ƣɵÿ괺ߵſڣȻЦӰ 
һ߽һͷһ̹ܣ³һ̣˵ۣ 
Ǳ𣿡괺۴磬ˡͷ̴һָ 
ʲˣƳйǵĻȫҿɲǽлʩһ 
̤ǿɲУ 
Ƶ÷Ͱͷδ棬磬֪ϵ 
Ŵ̹һֺűѨʣҲнǽ 
ϵĳȴ 
ϣ΢Ц˵үӣҵǰТϣҲ㲻ʲ 
ᣬһһλѣ˵ϡλѣһδˣ 
ٿĳһˣӿ˵䵱˹ϰݼλǰ 
һ䵱£׽׽һָһۣ 
ֽǵַһӣһתó䵱·еġ 
¡ַˣƺسͷһ˵ðж 
һһң˫һ΢̧óһСɹְ 
ֲˡЦ˵Ȼ䵱£ 
䵱ʱﾪš۵书ﻹڹ֮ 
ϣ䵱ڣʢһʱֺú޲ɵһԾ 
ºοʻˮϵʲˮͬһⷡС£䵱ɵ 
ɲ۶顣ǬЦȻ˵䵱˴ӲڣҲӲΪ 
ͬⷡϵ֮£˹ܵãھ۽٣ҵڣұ 
ݡЦʦܵ᣿Ϊʲֻһϵ· 
ƽεαʦϣæʹһɫ͵𣬽˵ 
䵱ڶۻᣬͷһһ 
ֻǹһˣ԰ˣ  ˵˵䵱ڶ 
  ᣬ࣬ĵӣҲ䵱ɵȺභ̹һ 
գЦЦڵºαȻλѣﲻ顣 
ɫһɣԾĨĨϵ亹ԭУҲ֪Ⱥ 
֣ȫƾ䵱ɵ磬Űѵˡʵ˵䵱ɵڶڴ˾ۻᣬ 
Ҳȫ٣ĸ  £ˡ˺ɲû 
Լᡣ 
úȻվŲ˫Ŀڷ⣬ϣһá 
ȻЦ˵磬ĺãСǲѣȻһ 
ǿ磬ҡҡһִָĺˣͻȻӿնЦ 
䵱Ƕˡ˸䵱ɣΪʲǲңСһ 
ڴˣǰɽ  Ǳǡ䵱ѰҲ㲻 
ϣǶϲɵðԾ˵ƣǴĴ 
ӥצɡ䵱ˣüָʲˣ 
Ҳһе磬˵Ůħͷ᣿ɻ 
ϽĵطѽµСǴµֵܲܽһᱲ 
Ů޶ѹˡ˵ֵ׿˿ͷһΣȰĴ֣ӭͷץ 
ϼͨ죬ҽӣһ㷢  ġײѨ 
Цһֱָ繳һץ 
һ˫ˣϣԲԮ 
Ʒѹֱǽǣʩչɱ֣ŵϣ˵Ҫ 
ҵҲѣֻǿʹɲûУͷֵܡۣ 
ϣȡΧ֮ƣԴһﶸȦӣеʲɲϣ 
ֵǧңرǱ͸ɲĲڳԺᣡ 
ɫ԰ףе磬ס֣һԾ˻ŭȵ 
Сӣɲ𣿡ϣ˭㣿һм 
ֵСɡϣɲڿ̵ġѹ 
һߣ˵磬УޣС޼ǰ 
˰ɡºһ׳˼ۣ棬Χֻʣ· 
ܣмӡ 
һ⣬ϲɵڵ룺˭ɲֿɴδ 
Щǿŵ 
Ƭ̣Ȼ̧ͷ˫һ˵ɲҲҪ٣ 
һ˵磬磡ºһƣ̴ľϣʱ 
Ӵһǣ˵һŮӵҲܹˣԳôʱ˳ 
ȥһ˼˵⣬⡭µһ 
µҲֻǶţδĿιֵľ 
Сӵҽٶˡۣ棬ֲֻзֵܽеֵ 
Ըȡºһۣеðʮֵ֮飬ǰ׽ 
ˡЦȻҪɣСֻӡ»һӣ 
־ץϣһ˿ȥֵܣϣϣӵһתȻ 
һСҿѷֵܸ񿪡һʳָȻֱ 
ϣ˫ĿϣʹͷһߣЦ˵ϴҵĻ 
ˣҪٸ٣ڽᣬˡʲ죡Ȼһ 
׹ȻˡϣЦ˴ˣɲ 
Ͼϴ㻹֣ͣҪ֮أºȵСӣʱ 
һƣӭͷ¡ 
ЦУϣ磬ϵ֦ţ𣬶ʱһƬᣬ 
ǽ˺ȺȻ˶ƴںڰһʱҲç 
ҪȻ洫ЦԶʹ⣬۾һ 
ſ߽һŮǰˣűɴˣҷУӵһλ 
ɵŮӻˮΪ񣬳üޣЦӯӯһ 
Ⱥľмңɪһ磬ҲҶ 
ϣ˵ŮҸ˼ҺáŮ˵ͷ˵ 
áϣҸҴ㣬ǡŮüһЦŵ 
֪ǿ᣿һɨＱҲ֪ 
˼ҵġϰЦŮɿ಻ʮ꣬ټһͣȴڿ 
˼ҡ 
ŮüëһЦ˵֪Ƕһɽȥɡһ٣ 
ЦϴҲµĹﻹδأᣡµȺ 
˶񣬺Ȼȵɲ㣬Ҳ㡣ﻹĵؽ磬 
ҪˡһǱɲŮʵλҪ 
ģۡ漲æ˹һߣ˵ңɫҰףŲ 
ܳԣֵĬȴڹᡣɲٿһЦ˵ϴ 
˭Ҫ°嵽ǰȰĴץȥɲɫһץ 
֮£͵ĲӰæʱﻹüһʹʱڵϣֵ 
Ҳδ壬вҲͬɲһƣҽпƣڵ¹ȥ 
ɲ֮䣬ֶУ򵹵ϣȻЦվţ 
£Ⱥȫɲۣ˵ǵ£ 
ģɲ  Ц 
й书ߣסʹԳʱƷֵܵʹ 
ʧ֪ãһڶǧҴҧ෭ 
ڣҲвˡԱߵֻͷڣĺһſŵγ 
ϼһΣʹ沿Ρ̵ֱĿ̣ 
ֵܽе˼ҿɱҰɣ۾ͻȴ 
ɲЦӯӯ˵ֵܣǴӷһȣǵ̷ɡ 
һ  һţֵܲҽһȻϿþĶǣ벻޵ 
Ůɱ˲գ۵ħ 
ɲѷֵ֮ܽᣬֵ˫ַǽڣ 
һ˹ɲ˵͹ϴǼʮֵܣܲ 
ĵѣæ˵Ůûҵķݡɲɫ 
һǿǿĽ㻹᣿ֱһ۹ⶼ 
ûУгʲǿʲԣһ꣬Ѻ˽𱦣ûмͷ 
᣿ʵ˵͸ҵģҲֽ֪ 
٣ͺʹн٣ⲻϹ۾᣿Խ 
ԽףҲԽԽ꣬ȫġ֪ɲƢش 
֮ʱЦ棬ϸһһüַԸ 
Ǿ׼ʲ¶֮ᣬٿҿѴ 
⣬˵СϹ۾СĻûʸǿ˼Ҷ̻塣 
ɲȵȻ֪Ҿİɱɫ 
ףµֵܣµö֡ȴڵ¹ȥѲ߹ 
¶ҵĿ⣬Ͽ֡ 
ܲסȻ˵޶Ķд 
Ҳֵһԣû˵㲻ԡֵУȴ 
Ϊɲɫһ䣬ȻЦһɵˡϰȻ˵䵱ɵ 
ڶӣɲŶ䵱ɵģʧʧﲨһת˵ 
ΪһⷣΪҽɱҲ 
һζСԸɱԱãƾ㣬Ҿ֮𡣡˵֮ 
䣬һ  ְѹ½ˡ 
ɲ̸Ц֮ɱӻֵǶҵɽȥЦһЦָ 
Źϵܵȥȥ׿Ҳȥͬ׿ 
Ұɽȥ 
Ȼһ룺ɲôĵӣȻܵ䵱ɵͷϡҪ֪䵱 
Ծӣµӣ˱˰Դϰˣۼ 
ɲޱȣӣֲֻĶ֣ӣָ鲻ӡڳ 
ϣһɫ˵ֶŮҲĽúܣ·ϻ 
˵˵Ҫ˼أһ֪ϣ³çǳ 
ԼԲȻ죬ҲԸмúԸǰȥ 
ӣ׿ϴٵĻѱͬţභܱһ֮ 
¹ϻص᷿׿˵ˣͷʲŷ͵ľս 
£æȰ׿ӡ׿Ҳֻ̾ҪסЩ֮ 
ȥɡ 
һҹķţʱɫ΢ϼ֣ɲͰŮȺѺ 
׿ҵĳֱϴɽ֧ɽȥɽϵﱤɭϣդΧƣɽɽ 
һ·Ůӭӣ֬жţɲѵǸս֮ 
ٲһ֧ӾϣҲɵð룺ЩŮҸ׵Ĳ 
ǿöࡣ 
ɽկɲ½׿һ˶ڴͷУѺկ 
ϣһ纡ɲȥᣬʵͷڣ 
ɲإ˰ͷɲſɽŮǿ 
ѣ˭Ҳ֪֪Ǵһ˵书˵ 
ǰ˫һʮǿȺභ֮ʱ   
Թۿ˵ѵĽƷָɣȫ֮ͬΪ 
ƽ˵ʮ꣬µһ֣͵λŮ޶ˡϺ 
һͷ˵˳죬;Լʧԡԭʮˣ䵱ɵ 
µһ֣˵˵䵱ɵλͽȣǬ 
Цת˵ӢȻǼʶ㣬Ҳδɲ̫ˡ 
ɵľŹƺʮڣŵƷȵϣ 
ŰȻһЦ 
һ˱ڿͷһ죬粽ƶʱ֣ȻŮ 
еկ׿˺͹Ӣǰȥ磡 
ɽկеƻͨϯ˶λɲһɵŮ 
֮⣬ŵĶеĴֺӣ·˫ɷɽͬԳ챦 
ҲϯϡϯʮỤ̊Ƶģϲ˵ģĶկŮֺ 
  ӳȤȤǣЩֺһŮ 
Щִ۵Ůȴһü쳣Ⱥˡ룺Ů 
۷ɣӴƷֵϯ䲻ޣȴҲɲ 
ƹѲɲٿһӣе͸ӵ漴 
Ụ̊ϸɲ׵̽ҿ׿ŵþһ 
оѪܵͷɲ΢΢һЦϣ˵Ҫġְ 
̽ҿҲѪܵͷɲͷ𣬻˼Σ΢Ц 
ðӣҰǵ׼ȡ͸ӵıǻһͬ 
ⷣҲ˴Ҳ  ˡ׿ˣǳԾͷ 
ʯ벻ڰ֮䣬ȫɲ׷ɱˡ 
ϣȻ˵˺ʵҵֻʱδؼҡ 
ɲҲ֪㽫ԶУݱԻͬԼҲһ 
ȥϣлɲЦĶȺ˵ǲ򲻳ʶҸǽ 
ιڰɡĸ׾  طȺǿЦ˵Ǵˮ嵹 
˲ϵԼˣ֪ģҲҸٶ֡ 
ԭط  ֵ䣬иӭңɽǵȾ 
ʢֻ첻  ϡ䣬  ʮ·ط־ 
  ;ӭ֮ᣬʮ  ֵ߻ȫ   
ֵһ츲صĴһ    ϣȴϷɲ 
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ϵ벻ֲʡĽʵϣһϵǾ͵ʯƵ֣ 
١  ߽ɾĽ𱦣Ҳ׺ϡ 
ϣᣬаСԭɲԼȴ䵱 
ݵ׷ôɲֻ׿ڣķ² 
ɲһ٣˾˵ӽᣬȫ  ֵһңط 
ȽˣԸ·ֵܣҲչˡλ뾡˱һѾ 
ϯȺǸҲӣ׷ǬɲЦһŮԸ 
䣬ǲڣƬ̣ŮĸϼˣȻ 
˶ֵͬܣʦ֮֮ǰ°µģȴȻկг֣ 
ѵ˵Ǳɲ°˵ģȴֲƣɲһӣ 
˳һϯƲˣɲ˾˾ƱЦӯӯкϵǵǱϯ 
ȥҲл䵱ɵĸ׽׽ 
һЦݿ䣬룬䵱ȺŮǿȻ 
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֮ᣬͬкֻǸ˼ɣҳ̸һˣ 
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֪кλϢԴɲʹǬ˼ϼԽޡȻկ 
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׿ˣҺһʣ׿Ȼ˵կȥˡ׿ĳ 
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ȻǸ̰٣ߣҿɶסҲҪԴҲҪûУ׿ŵ 
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ɲ֮ᣬ˵׿ţʮ٣յط 
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ǧǮǳͥȴǳ԰գҲҪȡˣ㻹֮ 
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կˡˡɲвԥ֮ɫ˵㵹ܰϣ 
صҺ͹Ҳزʶ·ҵһ׷ҵ 
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ѳñȸ׻һͷˡ 
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ˡУһϳ׿һʹⳣھӹٵĸִ̽ 
֪Ǳ֣ݣ֣Ǳּ֣׿һһŭ֮£ 
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ʱǬ幬ڵ޹źɢ֣ú͸ղŽǸŶӣ 
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ϣĳϣˢһһȻӲϣƽԿ 
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ˣֻ֪ܷȸź԰ءϣƾ׿ֵ 
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ŮҴ߳ˣǾһƳҲҡ׿һ룬 
µɽŴ꣬Ǿˡ 
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ɣղֿ䵱ɸ֣书Զڹ֮ϣƵˣҲҪѷһ 
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ĽףǱУһջȻͨӵإ֮ᣬҾͿ԰Ѱټҽһ 
¯һɣ޵ˡΪʦǺҪȻҾͲĵø㡣 
ⱾǷ޼俪Ц˵ĽƢʮǿЦԶһң 
ҲԡƫΪʦإٱȱȹǿǿ춼Ϸԣ 
һЦաϵڶһ磬ӾȻЯ˻춼޵ĽףǶС춼ʮ 
ģ߾ɽ󴨣Ѱ֮ţҲԸٻضҹʾˡЮԶΣ 
ɽΰ澰Ȼɽı߷룺ӼȻҪ 
һңҲӦüоҲûӡ֤ʧѼУ 
إ֮̽ңһ·ʥĽ춨Ϊɽ 
ɽ֮յĵӣһ·һ·ѧʦͽ˳оĽ 
ʵϰɽɣҲһݹ͡ǰ춼Ѵ 
ԣ˵  ֵϣһŮ书ǿһإ֮ 
ʱѾɽ춼лأإǰһι˵֪·  ʱ 
Ҫλɲ 
˵˴ʲɲȽһĽǡǡʦ 
˸Ҷ϶ʦͽܡ˱˵Уȵ˻׿һȽ 
˶УƾڣԺвɲͤͤٻӰΪ㯡һ· 
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ҡ˳һ⣬ʯҸŲ˾ٲڣһã 
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תɽʦԸ㰵бӣҪ˷塣ȡװ 
һƤ飬ظֽʽʯ̵ͬἸҳȴѪдɵ 
ϸȥԭʦ϶ռǡͷһдԼɷᣬ 
ҹڣʱʱҹλأҧָͷѪдϣإԴռǣ֤ 
֮漸дĽһε 
춼佣ף̽ɸɾڽƫ֮ 
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̾Ϣһһҳһд 
ҹȺǶƣ̽ŮɢȺǣǿУŮ 
㣬Լ꣬״Ծɣѽɱʶ棬ŮȺ 
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Ϊ壬ӻˣĸѲ丸춻ɽ£ԭɽɮָ 
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Ѫ˴ȥʦ˵УȻһ 
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֪ˡǬ˴һľϻⶴ潫ʦźϻУȻ 
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ˡ 
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ʱ⣬ͷŹˡ׿һæݱϺΣղǰ· 
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УȻһת顱һ߿ƽЦߣ   
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ʿһóشġṦղ׿һԵе 
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֮Ҳ߰˳ɻһǸʹ綾ɰƵͷӣнǧ   
ɰ֮ᶾ֮ɱ֮жǷ 
κ֮;аղΪƻ׿ңȴ׿һƣղˡ 
͢еİỰ² 
˵׿һˡίѨᣬѺؼԽԽޣŭ   
ã룺ްʿִ͢·ͬСɡ 
֪  ˣв֪٣뼴跨̫ӡұؽڴˣ 
ȣ뿿ԽһŭѪܳУƽѨ֮ᣬŭ 
ƽϥ׿һڹиһʱѾ͸ 
أȫ泩Ѩѽ⣬ŶԶ  ɱ֮ 
׿һѶڵϾɱԽԽԾ档෿źȻ򿪣׿һվ 
ֻƽЦн׿һȵƽĺ 
ˣҴȥδˣֻúȻ죬֪Ѹں俪 
һʱⴥ죬ƽϱɫһ׿һץ 
ίѨ㣬ҪʱԽ⡣ƽΪֵ 
޷׿һףһ˫һ˫ߣ 
ƽ⧲ϥһţϡ书ͬСɣڵһܿ׿һ 
վʱУһʹͬһ㣬׿һ 
ֱ׿һ֪оȱһǡֻá 
ƽһӣ˫ۣ׿һУһΪȭȭ 
쬣ƽһգ׿һȭˣͻһ 
س϶ɳĵһ׿һв£׿һֱһЮЮţ 
һȻûгƽЦһֺһ׿һܲڳ 
ԵУƽߣȻ¶ϣ۲ס 
׿һұ۱࿹ƽһգ׿һˡǧ 
ȻվȣձΣĽŲѽ˽е 
ƴ磬ƽɫ䣬ʹ׿һܹΪ 
ʡڴ˼ʣֻһƵЦƮ˽׿һ־ϲе 
ɲƽæɾջأ෿ 
׿һϵòǵĹȻɲϣĸط֮ᣬ 
뵽±ᣬ  Ӧлɽ֮ԼԲŵ˴ꡣ˼ʮŮ 
ҪҤطģ;о˰֮ᣬɣ͵׿ 
һǲǰ֪̽׿һ׽ϢʱϣҲѵõϢ 
ͳɲָӣҹǣһΣͰѳŹƣɱ븮á 
˵ƽ෿ֻǧ  ǰ֮أһŮǧ  ѱ 
ڽ֮£ʮΣա 
ƽæһӣһɲĽҪʩչ˸ 
Ĺ򣬾ɲıɲӯӯһЦһչƽһʹ 
ʱѱɲΪΡҪ֪˸յĹȫƾڹƽĹ׿ 
һ֮ϣȴɲ֮£֡ṦԸ׿һ̿ɣԸɲȴǲС 
ǧ  ɲ֮ʣ˫һ֣ɲвɲ.һ 
ƽŸһɭɭָǧ  ǧ  ŵֱ 
ðæзǧ  ƷȻɲǧ   
ɲҲԴ˼ɣɥƽһµ䣬ܲգֻôƫ 
ϣʮƵŵоѡ֮Դ·硣 
˵׿һ˳ɲնȭɲе㵽 
ȥϣɣӲҵĶ֡׿һмңֻһۣ֪ 
ɲԷǼ٣ȣȻɱ죬һԺӣȱߴߣǰ 
ϣ˽磬ȴҲһҵشǴѷ 
ѽ⡣ 
ϣˣͬһ׽׿һľ١׿һһͷ 
𣬻ȥȭ⣬һ֣һǡֽ˫ȭ׼̫Ѩ 
ȥٱ¸ܶµһ佫Ȼ֣ 
ÿ׿һȭȴ㲻ϣĽ˫δδתΣιǵѨѸϣ 
һ룬ɥ 
ϣ׿֣С٣ܿˣ׿һ˵ͷľȻ 
Σʼ֪ϣ  ľ޵ϣֵǿŮȥʰ 
׿һԹȻԸǿύȣΣҲܷ 
ߡֻϣȡʱɲǱߴչ˸Զȥ 
ֲӰϣ޵ɲУҿҪ֮ء˵ 
꣬һ˵ãϣɫٿ䣬ͻȻԾ 
һˣȴһŮ̬ƺɲҪᡣ 
ϣеʲ᣿Ůѵãι˵ 
أһɲٺ˵׿һʵ˭ʶ᣿ϣ 
ɫΣҲ˵ʶβ׷ 
˵ɲƽǧ  ˶񶷣磬ޱȣǧ  綾ɰ 
ĹȴѶմţֻСȦӣͼԱɲд߽ٿ˾ 
ΣٶƬ̣ԱҲѣɲʹɱ֣нЮ֮һ 
һ𻨷ɽ˵Ľδ֡ɲ΢΢ԾתһȴԭǸ 
Ůɲȵ᣿Ů˶Ľʶ 
ɲãʶɣһת˰ΣˢķĴ̵Ůὣһ⣬ 
һ壬ȻɲĽв𿪡 
ƽͽǧ  ˿ݣɲеϣƬ̱ 
ϣżһ㣬׷УнеŮ顣׿һ֪ơ˵ 
ϣ֮ϣһתһɣҲ׷ȥ 
ɲΪУͿɽŮˣжŮ⿪ݶ 
ɱ֮ѲѲȥԶŭ 
Ů֮ŽÿɲУ֪ɲԶڼϣ 
һӣɲЦŮ޶һ֣϶ЦݣȴǷ 
ޣˢˢŮȵתȴӲŮ򲻹㣬ˣ 
ȵʲ᣿ɲҲУŮбµȥ 
ɲȼ㡣һŮɭɭɲı 
ǰȥһɴѸɲһǸòŮãҲ 
ɱ㣬Ǻšһ㣬Ҫ̺ۡ 
Ůŵüˣֽһ淴ϣɲĽһȻһ 
󣬵;ȴٿңɲϵġ̨Ѩɲһ 
ŮݡɲеѧĽὣ׷ȥ 
˵ϣ׿һˣɲ֮׷ؼǧ  ƽ书 
׿֮ϣɲֳٳٲ˽֣ʮУϣ׿һѱȲȡ 
ơǧ  ƽ־ս˹ƣһУתӡϣ 
׷׷׿һ׷˽ͨ޵ļʱñϣ·Ż 
գ죬ϣ׿һ׷ãѲ˱Ӱ׿һὣ 
ˣһŰӰһӹԭʲǸŮʱɴѣ 
ֱܳȥǺһһŰӰз˳ϣе 
ˡŮ˷·Ѱɣɲ׷ǸŮ޶Ҫ 
׿һ˽ͨޣ׷ҪɲӷǰȻ˵˵ 
׷ǸŮ޶ҪϣΣ  ú׿һ档׿һ󲻽⣬ΪУ 
ɲصã˴ȴȥ׷һС 
ɲˣԭŮУɲʦĶŽ 
ɲСʦڹŶǱޣΪ֪ʦͽܡŮʹУɲ 
ѵ׿һȡ˽֮ᣬ˽Դˡɲ涷 
ƽ֣߿˼ΪڣٻضУΨײ̵Ľʽ 
ҲƽˡɲԸһҪȡأŮȻʹѶŽ 
Уܲ׷ϣ 
Ůǰͷɲ׿β׷׷磬һᣬɲ׷ 
Ůᣬϣ׿һȴ档ŮǱ׷üˣС 
ɲŻŲЦãҾ͵㡣 
ʱ׷ɽţŮ߽бɽɲӰΣŮᣬ 
ζʱʱŮģŮ״ԾܰѲˡɲ 
èϷ󣬡桱ʮָˡЦݡŮŵСЦӳ 
һƬȻ䣬Ůǰһ߽ͣС-ɽһХɲս 
ʱֻһŻӰʯֱ˵ɲԾֻһ 
ߴˣӥʨڣ룬òªȵ˭ҶŮ 
ۣᡣеҰˣ 
ɲһЦһָȵҵĽ׻һ 
ʲὣףŮ޵ŮŮʲὣ 
ףѽŮģϷꣿһҰڳ 
ɲһ䡰ͷЦδգнȴ̳ 
桱һһŮ˵վǿʯȥ׼֡ղ 
£ȫˡɲһУڶһŭ 
ָꪣֱɲ˫ƺ絶ɲ˫㣬˫ 
һһ£ҵġŴ֡ƽݣڵҡŴ֡Ҫ 
࣡ɲѵݳвһһݣ͵ʩչơľṦƾ 
ɶߣڰһɽһʯϡ˸ֱϣŭ 
ƽδǰˣ㵨ʦʲ֣ 
ɲɫ΢䣬ЦƽҲδǰȵˣʦ 
ʲ˷糾ʿƽȷδ֣ɲʦУԾǰ 
ݣ벻ɲһŮӣȻҲʦСʦʮ 
ꡱҲСüƶŭһСһ 
ƣɲ΢΢һЦҲʯͻȻ¡ǣŮħϹ֣д֪ۡ 
Σ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮϾءҹ黳Եᡡɽʿ  
׷ħŮϾ   
ҹ黳Ե  
ɽʿ һڼҹһȥ죬ɲһӱܹǷƮͻ 
԰մ£˻һת˫⧻ɲҪѨɲ΢ 
һСߡϵҪʹһУǰһɲ 
ٿȻ˫ƺ£һ֣֮䣬ѴӡͯӰݹʽɡ 
˫ײơɲʹɱ֪֡ɲҲдһУһ淴 
תҸµġѨȥ˽ŲζȻһܿУͻȻΪ 
ȭһС򻢡͵ȥɲһݣַһɶߣббһ䣬 
ȵ  СУˣɲӯӯЦ Уһᣬƽ 
ȥֻʹǴĦеġὭɶɡ̤λת롱һ 
ƣҪֽ֪ɲһȥ;ƺ䣬ŶԷ 
ķλ˴һ书տѸ٣ӡ롱λһʳ 
ָɲġѨɲƼתԹԹȵִӡ롱λ 
ܿ˵Ĺƶ˿ա 
ɲ˶ƣһһʽɣִ֮У֡ɲ 
ǰᣬңиҽȴһͬ˵ƷҲ졣 
Ѹ꣬ȴǰšš岽˿ҡѧ 
Уšָ˸򣬸ݡԡĿ룮ˣ㡢Ǭް˸λ 
ĸ򡱺ĸб򡱣岽ָλãݡС 
Ľľˮǰˣˣת⡱Ρ 
ת⡱ж ⡰š岽Ľ˱仯̫ɱ 
Ϊ̫ʮơ̫ȭ˸ա˵Ʒվ֮õȴǡ̫ 
ʮơãǹѵܡɲԹԹ 
һУռˣԾЦϷɫأרעУʦ 
ĶŽԽʹǰ 
˶һУҲռ˿ˡɲ֮棬òСķ 
Ʒ罣£Ӱֲ˭ͷ˭Ů 
˰һϲɲɵŮȻ׺ޱȣ 
ȷǰδ꣬ƽľСɲҲһϲƷ۾ 
Ȼ  ۹ֻ˻Լ֮ϡ 
˶üѷ֣˫еɲŵɽƮһУ 
׿һһԻ˴ӡޡλһɲһ 
ǺᶷתƷ潫մ£ۿҪܾˣȻеҪ 
ɲбһŮվʯϣֶһ˵Ļԭ 
Ƕ˵ġɲ书֮ߣĿ֮飬첻Ǻʱģɼʲŵ 
綷ǺεңɲҲֲ 
ʱɲˣҲ΢΢е룺ֶ󣬱۹棬 
Լһ൱ĵ֣ͷֲ񣬻ǽѷ˺һ 
ˣȵٶɲŭѵ㲻ɡ书֮ߣȴ 
Сղ׻ңĲݣˢˢ̣˴ŭһСɽ 
ӭֶһ 
ʯϣǰɲԵеŮ˵̣һ¡ 
ĺڴñһãΪҪ׳󣿡Ů˵׼ 
֡ʵ˵ʲὣףѵǽ𣿡Ůɫ 
Ķ˵˵ǿҪ㣡΢΢һЦ˵ 
ϲ˵ٴһŮ鼱ӻͳֻ 
Ц˵ǣ㿴ҴһֻڷعֽУ 
ɲȥ 
ʱɲ˶ɲĽԽչԽ죬˵ҲԽԽ 
ȫնȻϮɲ֪ö 
·ִԼġѨѨ͡׺ѨɲƽĹöС 
Сĺ㲻ʲᣬֻҪһһû㣬ͿɰϮİȫ䡣 
ն൱һ˹ǿһ˽ոƽ֡ƽϵ 
ոһ㣬ֻҪһ߼һһ֮΢̾Ҫʧȥƽ״̬ 
ɲð죬ɫٿ䣬Ц˵޳ƥʩ㣡 
ȻܰнһСĿײ¡̵˵ġ̨Ѩ 
̡޹ѨɲԲܰԭɲ룬ҪܰѣȻ 
Եֹ֮ߣԼ⡣ոܾˣҲùʡ 
׺쳣Ȼȵ˴ӡޡλֱ׷Ǭɲֵ˿ 
ͦӡ¡һֳɡ׺աֱָؿڵġѨ 
ʱöһöɲʺۿžҪϣ 
ΨɲɫҲǺ棬ɲһѿ 
ͷһͻȻһѵһö÷ɽţһ´ɲ⣬ 
Ʋ϶룬˼ͷһֻܿ棬͵һԱ̴ֱ۱ 
⻮˵ӣѪγƲ죬Ծһɿ⣬ʱڶööҲ 
ѵɲǰ 
ǿһˣɲһɨöȫɨ䡣ͷɽָ 
˭ҷŰ۲һת״ɧȴװίί˵ 
үӣûзԸ۸ֺαضүӣһ 
ΪǸŮȦһ죬ΡɲһͻӿգȻ 
ԭŵİһöһͷһ 
öȴ̽˵ļͷʹӴӴк 
ͷȵʲѼŵİ޹ءŮʮŮ 
Ұ檣ݣǵ˭Ҳ֣Ҳңɲ 
ȻһЦɫٿ䣬˵ҪҲУΪɲЦ˽ˣ 
ҪԼٶʵɲЦαղԼ֦룬ͷĹҪȫ 
䲢ѣȴһ֦ˣǺгͷ֮⡣ĵԭŮ 
ֲ̣Ҫظղŵα  ǹɲ͵ҵĽף 
Ҳݣձ˴˶ƣٶҲʲסںηϴ֪ 
ص̣ɲ˵࣬Ҳûͷ֮¡ 
ͷǸղİ檷²̨ܽˣҲ 
ŭɲһʣһ룬˵ãһ֮ڣڣׯ㣡 
ɲȻһͷһЯ檣һЯŮæɽɲ׷ȥʣɽ 
׿һϣͬŮ㣬С㡱׿һ 
ɲ˿˿ģգæתɽᡣ 
ɽʯ  ϣ׿һӰףһʯ֮ڣɲι 
ʲ᣿׿һ˵Ǭ˸ˣɲʲ 
᣿Ǭ˸ˣǰȥֻʯǬϥѪ״ʹ 
ɲȥϢϣ£֪δá׿һһ 
Ľף԰ˣɲæʵ˵ʲὣף 
׿һʦŵĽףǬ춼ˡ벻 
أҲˣɲŭеһɵĹһΪǰӢۣ 
м屾ɫ֪͵ҵĽףǬˡϣ 
ɲǬ书׿֣˭˵ιϣ 
ǲʶ˵׿һʵ˵죬˭ǡ 
ɲȻδ꣬ڰӢ.Ҳ֪šɽص 
һҲǣϣ˽а֮ʣҲ 
Ҳ˭ҪðһһԸδؿ͵ɽ 
סɲ˵һڸеǸǲŮϣɫ 
ΣͷǡɲŮʹľҵıŽϣ۾ 
£ɲЦòԻػˣϣŵ 
˵ͷͼҸʶҶΪˣҲ  ֮ţ֪ 
̡ʵϣҸŮһιڣ˵ɲ˶ŭ  ðҪ˵ 
̻ظС 
ɲֵʲһ˰죬ұ֪˭ˣ߽ҵ 
ׯ浨󣬽麦ҷʲɣ׿һȻ 
ѽһ˳ 
׿һˣͷӥʨڣ룬òªģҲ 
ǣɲҲϵ׿һԼ߰ǰҹҵʦƣ 
ҵʦϣʦԣһСἸʦԹʦϳ֣ 
䵱ʦԺʤˣӦ䵱з磬αҪΪ 
  ңҸҶ϶ʦһУ䵱ȴóϷĸʦ 
ǺεʦЦŶ˵ĸʦҲǺʤ֮ˣ 
Ը˵ӮʦУõǽ֣еľС֮ 
ᣬ󣬺̸־УΪơҲʱ 
̤ԷλλֱǬλת뷽˫ֱȭһҾбһ֣ 
ͳţʵƽֵʽǸмңȻ֪Գ֮ᣬͷ֣ 
ҰϣʦĶáɲЦĻˣҿɲ 
顣 
ϣﰵпࡣԭϥ޶  һŮɺʮ 
ֱʤԣֹƧѣ˼Ҳɺ 
䳤ΪȴʮԶûżҡڽҲҲ֮ˡ 
ϣף  ֵУϣĸطʶ 
ϣЦԼӲȴȥ  ͭʹŮӰطط 
ķ糾ȻڿŮϣʮֺ⡣ϯɢ֮ᣬֱ 
ľ˻طʮֲ˼ί˵ԼĶӺͱʦϲӵŮ 
ָΪýѡ֪ǲͨ飬Ȼİ˵ 
ֵͷͳ͢ӥȮΪ׼ҡҵŮǵ㲻ãͷˡ 
ط֪⣬ͼı£ֲԸˡ  ˵ҪˣҲ 
úʦ˵·;ңԶһһϦܰ쵽ȻŮ߿ 
ᣬط⣬ϣɺ޺øУԸҲԸ 
ͷӡԸ飬ϣϾӭס벻˾ʦַʦ 
֮¡ 
ϣ룺ɲҼҶˣȻȥϹִ󶯸ɸ꣬һ 
Ҽͷϣ 
ϣ룺ҼҲĿǰҪۼ·Ӣۣͬģͼ 
٣αΪЩСµһλֹֿͣͷҲǽ麦֮ˡ 
ɲĸ£ΪɲҪͷӸѶԸϣ  ĬȻ 
æһҹ˰죬ʱѽʱ֣ɲ˶ּֿʣսʯ 
ߣѪζšɲ˺°䣬߽УǬǬѪѪ 
ڣжɲ书Ǭ֮ϣҪףƺطŶϸһ 
ѣˣо֮ͷ΢ָӡַһƴ 
֮ᣬָ£ڼַĺַַд 
⣡ 
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ϴǬѪ֣ȪˮǬµɽϣනӡҲѱ 
ɲϲл׿һüɲ׿ֲصģģ 
˰ᵽҤ׿ֵͿɰš׿ֵļˣҲ׿ַ 
ǲɢˡ׿һĬȻˣԼصұرҲֻ 
˰ˡ 
׿һԸϣҤ游ֻøȥҤӰ 
һʮУҹѸϵطӭӣɲǳϲ 
Ľ֮⡣ϣ׿һݸ֪طһϲЦ׿˫ޣ 
üˡЩں֮ڣȱ˳ᢡ߻Ƶ˲š׿һ˹֣ 
˵ᡣطһ㵣ϣ˵׿Т֮С 
طæȡТ׿һˡ 
׿һȥҴңڶվͽ游ᣬϣչ˷Ĺɲկ 
棬æһգƻʱ֣Ȼյ׿·¼Ȼ׿һߵ 
ͷȴڰЦ벻ǰԼٵĴ٣Լȴߵͷ׿һ 
ϲޱ֮ݣΪ̬ʵȴ֪ɲ⣬ɲ 
ΪǰѽľϣҲᵽݡ 
ϼգ³ϣ׿һɲ绺Ĺ߻ءɲ׿һ 
۲תȻޣֹ׿һĻһæܿ 
ɲЦڻ𣿡׿һҲ֪ΪʲҪ㣿ɲ 
㲻֪ĸ᣿ҲûĽңԼҰδԱ 
ˡ׿һȻ̾˿ɲУ񣬿ϧû˴ 
롰;ɲʵö˶˵Ϊʲ̾׿һľ书 
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һͷɲֵѵ뵱  游һ 
ʵ϶𣿡׿һȻ˵ҽ٣Ҳǿɲ 
˵⻰˲׿һһɨȥ׿һ˵䵱 
ͽǵŹһǿʦѵ֪ɲЦ 
游ѵǿ׿һŭǿɲٵ 
ǽƶøǽٸƶǿǿǿõö࣡׿ 
һã˵ȥ˸־಻ǿɲ΢Ѽ׿һ 
Ȧ΢죬Σϧ֮ģȻָ˵־ 
ͬԶڡɲȻʵ㼸ʱߣ׿һ죡 
ɲ̾˿ٲ˵˺þã׿һŹת⣬ɲ̸£ 
Ҳ̸һ̸ȻҶҽ¶ 
໥֮䣬Ҳǰ˽ࡣһ̸ֱҹɢ 
ڶһ磬׿һϣУϣ֪ȥ־ᣬҲ裬¸أ 
 
׿һ䣬롣ҹ֮£ֲܲ˺þãðϾ 
ڼ鹴֮£̫ӣ˳Ҳԩȥʦȡɽתӱ 
߰죬ѽɽյأһ·ֻˮϣʯ 
վ׿һȻŮڴ˵ءвһĿĹˣ·ϲˡ 
ֻںԶм֧Ӱ׿һУĸмįһᣬתһɽ꣬ 
ǰһׯ 
׿һĵĪǡׯֹŵЦ֮ᴫ 
ͷһһԭȴƽͽǧ  ˡƽЦιı 
ɲأСκβ㡣ԭҲееʱ򡣡׿һ 
νʣŭҵҲ㡣ǧ  ЦøӢۣжٽѵ 
ǲ֪ٴ˵ЦͻȻһ׿һŤһһ 
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׿  ȭͷһģ˫ 
һ˸ϣȵǬ˸˺ҺθɣҰҵ 
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Σȴ  ǲϷɣ 
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ƣȴǿ쵽㣬һӾں֮ǰ˫ۺչͻҶ 
ҸѸץһѣ˺ͬʱھɲһ˶ 
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ʶҶԪֹ죺˵ʲ᣿ɲҲǬ 
ӢۺģҲһ׾ͺ֣ǿЦ 
Ҷᣬ㲻Ů𣿡ɲЦ˭˵ѽҶ 
ߣҿʲЦ 
˵УһŲ죬Ծ̨ף˵׿һˣ 
ȴ˵׿һǱɲ֮ᣬΪ㯣ϣϼ֮ᣬ 
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˴е׿ʦܡϣ  ЩҲ׷Ϊ׵䵱ɵڶ 
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ˣ׿һʵʲ᣿³ǵʦҪŵӣ׿һ 
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ȫģмʶ䵱һɣȫָˡͬŰʦ 
޲ˣ˵֮ᣬ֮μϵҲ׷׹μ׿һ 
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顣³ǵʦܲ⡣ϵʦȺȥʦ 
ʦɡ׿һλʦ³ǵǰңϵ 
Ƿ˺ô̽׿һΪһҪλʦʦֳ; 
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׿һϣ𣬲߻س̡ϵ׿ʦΪκСһ 
׿һ᣿ϵ  طĶӡ׿һ 
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Ҳˡ˵Сܱµ΢ͲʦݲСҲ 
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ң̤ׯţûҶ˺֮³Ǵһׯͨ 
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ްݵҶ˽𣬰˵һ顣׿һ޵ 
ܣߴΡʦӻɽټͬţ͵¡Ҷ˲ 
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׿һ֮ԣҶ˲ɲţ淺죬æȭʩ 
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׷ħŮϾ ڰ˻  
ǫлšԵն  
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աԭƽɲ֮УĸߣΣ֮ʣɲĽһ𤣬 
΢ƣĽ˿ 
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ԪдʮŻغϣȻ͸ļ 
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ˣֻһƬϽ֮಻ϣ 
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ܴ󣬵ȴġԪһСֻ߷УȫƽǾģ 
룺Ƕֱ֮۱ѲδУȻʦˣȴ 
 
ңݣƹĦԺؾȥʱԪʯʦ 
ӲδУʦԺˣҲ֪񲻽 
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Ҫ֪µķħ־ѧʱ۽䵱ȭưе 
ȴ֣Ԫд˵΢΢һӡ˵꣬ 
ڴĦԺҲˣж֪㿴ǰ·Ԫиһ 
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  ʦʲ޵ģɽвɧʮꡣ벻껹 
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ɽǱ޽ĵ㡣ɽɽֹ춼Ǳн֮ 
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˴˷̻֮ᣬϰ򯣬춼̾  ʦ֮ᣬΪһ֣ 
Ự 
˵ƹ˴ĦԺеǰؾȻɮ 
ĦʦͬСɣ漱æݡʤ  ʦЦʩ 
ã˵Ӳμҽʤ  ʦ; 
ͬѰѹأ书ȷʵһʱŴ 
ʯҪĹ 
ʤ  ʦЦ㲻عǫ飬ɡѧᣬΪʦ໥Ħ˴ 
档ˡ֮ϡʤ  ʦڶ֮ϣ 
ɡʤǲضֽҾ֮ȱȭɡ 
룺ȭֻʤ˵ɣȭɼҾ 
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ʲƵ㣿 
ʤ  ʦ΢΢һЦһͭ˵ڻСԷ 
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ʦϥҲһͭڻУȻ˵ⷢȭһΪޣ 
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ȭ޵УӲգȻֵסʤһȭǧ׹ӣȴ 
ȭֻ춣ʤһ϶跢һȭʤ 
һȭδȭͭҲˣҲһͭ嶼 
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ȭ֪ʤȭȴ鷢һȭŰʵȭײ漱æ 
֣ʤȭ켫һȭ滳ֶͭһ 
㡣 
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ַһȭһȣͭȻһȭȭ 
ͭڰըѣͭƬ׷ɣеҵͭˣ㷨 
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ʤЦϵܣģǸպóƽִˣ 
ţһҾֻ  ʹʤЦͣ˹ 
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춼ʿĵ᣿ǡ  ʦʮǰƶɮ 
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ԶʦڹɡһڹӮ 
Уȡɲ׾޿ܣȴǺá㵽Ǳߵ¡ 
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汦һһС׺աֱˡѨȥǺ 
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ܹ֣ɺȻڽЦˣЦ 
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ڹΧ͢Ȳİѳ˵˳͢ĬȻʱҡͷ 
ڹ˵øˣߺȣܼҵıղ˵ڹٻرܣ͢ 
Ҳ᷿վƬ̣ſֻһĹ 
˼ʮУξæּղ£͢ 
͢ЦףǰŸյžˡʥףܾ 
أʱ׼˵ţ¹ڣ߳⣬ղȵ͢ 
ּ 
ֻּ͢ղﳼ͢רȨöϣݱѲ߾꣬ 
޴ְأ˽Իؾӳ٣ͼı졣ɻз´ 
ʡղ֮ᣬȵˣ͢üꪣеȵ 
ٻģʲղȵ¶ϵʥּ 
ܴһ˱Ǵ͢ŭʥף鳼Ӱѳ֣ˣ 
ˣ־͸͢ΪʥּȻأȴǲΥ 
ľһԣŵôˡУξӿȻ᷿һԾ 
ףһղǺˣ˫һ񣬰У 
ξɿ⣬̨סղУ죬췴͢ϼ 
棬ݺ𣿡 
滢Ŀᣬ˵˧ʥּǼٵģ͢һ 
ģղ˵ָУξˡ͢ٿİγзȵ 
ŪˣٸȥУξ֪͢򲻵֮£һȣݣ 
һʱ䲻Ҷ֡ӻͳһֽţչ˿ģ 
ˣǲǵʥϵױʱʼ 
ÿʵ۵λگַοԱһֻֽд͢Ǵ 
ҳбб֮߰࣬Уʼ׳ҲϾ 
εϲ˵ܴˣǵϱʼеλ˳Ǵҿ 
 
ղκ͵ļ鵳޳㣬ʱֽţǿ򶨣ȵʥּм 
ģگһչ¶ʵ͢һۿȥּȻȴġ 
漱˵Ȩù˧ϳȥ 
͢Ц޳㣬Һϳڹٵȥ޳ 
͢ﳯּ͢Υǳ֮͢ö˵ 
ƴɱչУϳ޳һʥڹТҪϳȥɡ 
ּȵ͢㿴ˣȻղΨʣУξˣ 
͢޳  ӲԼ⳼ڴ˿ǡǺֹ棬 
˳˵ 
͢Ȼ£̾˿ҡͷ˵ʥּǼ٣м鵳˲Ᵽ 
Ϊˣڹٷ׷οȰܴԶؾЩ˺ˣǺ 
ƣ˵䣬ŵдߺȣõ죬ŭ޳ 
һδˣ𿪣һȺӿ˽Ժڲ棬  ˫ 
Ϊ׵Ĵȵ˵ܴ˧Ҫ͢Ц 
磬е죬٣ˣˣЩ 
˲ͨǿʮǿ׷Χϣ͢˷УΪ׵ġǿһץ 
£͢һȣǿһбһɨȥ͢е 
ǿ񲻿ϧ?һ  еĽݳҪҪ? 
ǿһգһ͢棬ϵ?Ľݳʶƣһ 
Ǹˣʮ֣һӿȵǽ 
ԭʥּǿκͺͿϵĲ߻סʵۣ͢ȥһ 
ִӷгһʿ£һʣʱ֣Ϊءʿͻ 
Ȼһͷ˫ƼƷ۾־Ȼᣬǽһ̳ 
һСѸ׻§ͷ£쿴ƺ 
ɰеϹ֣ҲˣͷЦ԰½е 
棬뱨һ֮𣡡˧ǶɰƣҪ 
ţ˽磬͢ǰĽݳͽҼйʮΣա 
͢ĿȣӸҶͻȻȽǰһʿһץˤ 
ȥʿһĽݳеʩչ͢ 
裡͢Ȼ˻ȴĽݳ嶾֣ս  ǵ 
ס 
ڽţһִ˳еֵһԣǳ 
ʿȫϵãһУһͣ֡еܾԳ͢ʯ˫ 
죬ɥĲ񣬰ıκȻƣ޺³ֵǣ 
ɢ˰ɣмʿͻȻ±ӣĽݳ弱æȵ 
˭˵ӣرѡʿʮŶκĸ 
еǱ֮⣬Χ 
浲͢ǰ޶ˣһңһǽս 
ҿǼʮʿȻκĽݳ֮ƣǱӣһֻ𹥣 
ϳȻˣĽݳ书ʵڸǿֻ˶ʹ 
ӦοʿΧսƬ̣ͷһƣ͢Ҳһ 
˫ͫ𣬻ӽսȻʿ׷ײҽУһͷȵϹ֣ 
ؿˣе͵ܣʮУ 
кУÿЦʮ࣬ЦأϹǵһμ 
棬㲻ˣЦĿֻɲ᳤â 
˴ɱ˽ת˲֮䣬߰ʿֱɱģĽݳŭһ 
ɲһ˿գУһңĽݳҲţ˻һ 
УԳԾɲΪ˱ܵУЦ򲻺ãһһʿ 
ˣͷֱܹĽݳһƣһתߣҲѧǽսϲ 
Ů˧ɲ˵Ҳʲ˧  Ҫף 
ȻһԾһȥͷһƣƷҳأɲһ 
һתشЦȻֻҲҪҵĽףǹ 
УҲȵ 
еŮĽװҵϣ˳л㣡 
ɲҿɲ飬ҲȻˣнУж 
˿æбһƳɲǰѱԼ 
֣Χ֮УϾϸıϣ 
кʿȣ˽е磬ӲӣӦ 
֪һȥΧɲЦɱϹһ 
ϵеѽ޶ȻֻʿڰգԭǸͷôˤ 
ץˤȥƬ֮ᣬͷߴ治֪˱ 
ƣΪ죬룺ŮħͷȻͨ󣬾Ȼһ 
 
ɲһʵǵǱԭЩʿ 
ݺ͢һ벻ϳǵɲһֶޱȣ 
𹫷ߣ 
ЩԭȲϳʿͬɲ˱أÿһеĲǹؽҪ 
ѨڣʹùشУҲšЩˤ˵ģԽʿ 
Ǵŭ׷Χɲˣ͢ߣѹΧP 
ɲߣṦáΧṦʹһ 
룬Һ̹ȣ۾쳣ŵֵס 
ȣΣδţ¶ԮȻżɲˢˢ 
ѱƽǰһˣֽЦ棬ĺأһ 
Ӧڳ֣ȡ˳״ϣͻȻ˳ȥһ 
ߣһƺɨȥͻȻһӣֽ羪쭣 
һֹǴ̴ƽ𣬾ȻʿͷϣԽȥ 
˵书֮£λԴ˴ԭо綾 
ӲӲӣ˽䱸֪˽˿ף¶ˣȻһǾ 
һеֱ㼴ӳ 
͢Σߣ档ѼģȻ͢ 
Ϊ㲻ҪҲɣչӻ˽ˣ 
ĽݳȻոǿ͢¹ˣ޳ڻ 
ʿֲϹȻͻΧҲݰ¡ 
˵ʯ˱ţΪŭټ˾е䵱ɵʮˣԼ 
ĸʮˣüһã׼˾һۡ죬Ӱ 
ڣţ˼ңص磬Ȼ١Ц 
䵱ʲ˸ۻ롣ʯΪ⣬Ц˽գҿ 
ˡ̸Ц䣬䵱ӱʵж٣ѷ 
ĵӱֻһˣ󵨣Ŵ򿪣Ƭ֮ 
ᣬһͷ󺹳˷׷׼ӭС׿һеԭ磡 
ʯ˿ΪǵѶϢȭġ˵Ӣۣʹ 
ˣЦһЦǰȥ׿һ֣ͻȻָ׿һһ 
Ѩһת𣬷һĳȥø֣⣬ȫȻǣͻ 
ʩƣø־档֪ؿιʽ׿һ°ȥ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮϾʮءྭϳžɺޡг׸ġ³  
׷ħŮϾ ʮ  
ྭϳžɺ  
г׸ġ³ ˵ͻ׿һ  Ѩˣһת𣬷һĳ 
ȥø޲ȻʯŭȵԭСΪѣ׷̽׷ 
֪ݣֲ³çʯ䵱׷š 
һʦֻø׷ 
Ṧ׿һˣǱȰʯ˸߳ʯʹ˲ϲ 
ɵ֮Զ޵ģͶֲʩŰ 
һܵңŰ׿һѨ⿪׿һոתѣ 
߳߸׷  ɱǷһΣδ˵׿ 
֣һܾ֮ԣ 
˵ɲڳԽ׿һǶ񣬳һ 
һһСʯֱȡʺҪͷһƫֹ 
һȭһ񣬾ɲٿĳ· 
ɣʱʿȥӦ׿һˡ 
׿һɲڴ˵أ־ϲʵ£ 
Ůǿȥȴ˧˽磬бɱѪ·׿һȥ 
ֻǽһ຺ӣ͢ɡ׿һ͢ 
Σ⣬ɲҲȻø䵱ʮ 
ɱΧʱҲ˼ʿɲȻɱϡ׿һϲ 
㣬ԭҲһƬģܾˣɲֻ׷ף׿ 
һҲϸ˵ӯӯһЦǰʿֱϣЦɵСӣ 
˽˵ܾ˲ˣĺѱأ㵣ʲģЦ֮ 
䣬ֵ˿ⶫ˼ʿĹؽҪʹش 
˵ʯһǻŭ̽׷潫׿һ£ۡ 
ִ  ɱ֮棬֪ǵʲΪɣҲȥֻ׿ 
һһŮɱ֣ŮüޣˮᲨ 
  ֮У͸һĲɱʯͷһ𣬰룺⡰Ůɲ 
ɣʯһŮʦֶѰɲΪˣȻֺּޣ 
׿һеʦѽܾأʯһڽỊ̃ȫ 
ȴδɱս䣬һ溺ӱɲ⻮ߣֳ룬ڵϣ 
ʯһȥͷ𣬺ȵߣԭ֮죬ҵҪ 
ʲ᱾¸ҳչֱɱȥ 
ʯζŭԭŰ人ӡк½ 
綾ɰƽͽԭʯˣͿ֮ڸϰʯ 
£Ӧڰָʹ 
Ӧκĸһ뾩˽졣ֻ 
̫ڹҲݡһδֻʹ׿һ֮ǰ 
ͬշ֮ᣬĳ˵ݺ̽Ӧ˵ 
ܾԵʹߣһκ͵͢ڶʮ˻Ҫ 
Ҫκ͵ƴȨ䣬һ˺ͬһ 
׳οһӦЦ˵Ĳָ͢еָͬ 
ܰĽ֪֡ԭļƻҲڳ֮͢Ͻ͢⵹ǰ 
˸ɵͻŪˡκ͵֪ӵƢ 
ɶ˻ġ  һˣ£Ҳӡ 
Ӧһ˹ǹأ׿һĺѡκ͵ 
׿һ书ΣӦ׿һ书ȻȲ棬䵱 
ŵӣ̽ҲǺһʦͬġڱ䵱ɸ־ʮ 
ˡκ͵ͰһɵɣӦӴ񽭺 
֮ϣ䵱ʢϲһǺǾˮˮǵల 
£ȻеĳϺŸˣƾһСκ͵֮ 
ҲϤ˵죿Ӧ˰ǸʿԵС 
ͷȻǸͣˣ֮뾩ʾ֮ڣص 
סַѰ¡֪ǵʿǿһ뾩յڣضı 
ӣڼеȺǡʵǲѰ£ֻǷȥϣ 
ְ͢ˡκ͵֮ƣɣ 
ЦʯȻ֪Ҳϲвı 
ʵʯҲ棬ǡֻ֮ӦδȻ 
ǻϳһ·ƽǸѡ 
֪һģڽ֮ʣȻյޣ 
˵⡣Ҳ㽫ƾͼƣѸײڶֶΣ׿һߣðʯ˺ 
䵱ɵӴ׷ 
ʱ֮͢Χѽ⣬ʯһ֪䵱ɱشٶֽţ 
һƵȥ·Ľݳһƣ 
һӣкͬ鳷ߣʦ䵱Ȼʯ˲֪ 
Ƕʿеǽס 
һף䵱ɵĵӼȭĺ֣¶ʮˣʱ 
ΪѶʿΧӰ⣬ͥƮƳĽݳ岢ʯ 
һأ˿ɲһЦؾƳɷ磬 
˼Сˢһ̵췴һƣһֳ˰Բ 
͵һ´ƣɲ磬һСǼʻ 
ѣһֻɲţһѪɽڽϻ 
һӡ书ɲ֮£˽˿ף 
¶ˣ˼֣ɲײޱȣ书ٸߣҲס 
ϻܵÿ죬ҪȻһǿƸ֣֮ 
ɲһе֣ϣĽݳΣ˫һУ֮ 
䵱ɵӴ򷭵ϣˣɲֳ֣ 
һĽݳȥ· 
ɲѽȵˣЦϹ֣㻹ҵĽ׻ 
ˣҧսɲЦٲóҿҪɱˣ 
ӯӯЦ֮Ум籩꣬ѽڽ֮У 
ս䣬ȻӿһӹٱΪ׵Ľеܾԣְ 
ˣֺȵô󵨵ˣ죬ٹټңҽеû 
Ǿᶽһǰǹ͢еǵ£ɲ 
֣ٱһ壬˻˴ӳɲŭбһѹپ 
ĵìǹꫣɰգضϵϡپеŮ 
ɲŭֳЦݣæеʹã¡ 
ҲкپλǱԴ˵Ůɶ֡ 
Ƭ̣Щ˵صĶʿȫٱ𣬿Ľݳһȴû 
ˡᶽǰμ͢˵ˡְ٣۴龪 
ƸѴ߳ߡһ˵εϢͨú 
ѽһ죬˵˼٣ְﵱ 
֮ڣȻⱵķͽҿֻ²Ѱĵɣְ 
ǻȥѶʡ˫һǿͷֻܴ´˲ 
ʡת͢涷뾭Դʡְְ 
أͷԴˡ͢˫ɨ¸һۣһᣬֵ 
ãȥɣ 
նᣬˣݻɽҲ 
СӣҾ֪̾͢ǿطѰͳ 
Ľ죬ǸʦΰᶽְȨ˵רȨöϣԽ޴ 
ңȻ͢棬λʿһһл 
ɲԽڶ͢һҾ˵ײ 
л͢һܴ˳ΪСýŮɽҰ 
زҹٽҲ̸ʲṦ͡ˡǸ 
ˣ͢Ȼʩһ񣬵棬Ϳͣ 
ɲеıδʣ濴ɲԼʧڹеǰ 
һȻһԼͬʱĺӰȻɲɡɲ 
İѻƽУ΢Ц£Ȼ˵ŮһҪ 
ͻظ㡣ӻȡףŮ棬ǲԭ 
ɲһЦ׽ӹΪ棬ҸŮΪףﱼ 
ģشɲҲһ㣡 
ظ棬Ц˵һﻻһ˭Ҳ飡һ 
ĵ⺢Ǻǿ 
ɲ̨ףͷ֣е׿һ׿һĻ˴֮ 
Уѵ˳ȥʯۣҲδ 
׿һ̨ףɲð׿һδʯ˸棬 
ڵʲ᲻ãɲһ׿һæҵʦ塣ɲЦ 
ƽϲ˶졣ι׿һĻʯһͬС 
ɣѣ׿һæҺܺãǰסǶȥݺ򡣡ʯ 
һˣվͺһɽɲһЦ 
ʦ壿ʯŭ⻰ʲ˼ɲЦҿ㵹ĸף 
ܶӶûϣʯˡߡһ׿һ䵱ɵŹ棬 
ɲͷɲѵһγ彣ʯˣ䵱ɵˣҲ 
ʶ˲٣֮⣬Ҳδ˵λ湻֮㣬ʲ 
շ֮£ҿֵĺúߣҾĿΪ˵ˣǱȻ 
ȻʯϲĻ˼ǺѵһҲγ׿һ 
ֽţæܾǰʧǣʯʱħº̣ 
׿һʦ壬㲻˵ջɽ᣿ʯĵ㲻ùܡɲһЦ 
׼ 
ɲʯ˶֮ʱȴһߣʳʶ̣ 
ļʦС治֪ɺĸףΪ졣ղŴ 
򶷣۷ɣӦǸӢۣΪȴ衣ü 
ʸݣ澹ûڡ׵ȵɲʯ֮ᣬɲ 
ߣ֣Σ뵽ɽ鰲һ𡣡׿һ 
һ񣬹ʵǰãٿȻһǰ 
ġ˵˵ɺɺ 
ɺСŮɺʧ֮¸ɲ 
߳š 
׿һ˿ʯƽ߻شã͢ǡ֪͢ 
䵱֮һأ̨סʯһߣ䵱ڵҲˡ 
һʦǣ͢žʿһᣬβһ 
ᡣˣȻΪǮƶ˧ɲ͢ 
սʮأҲֻȻˡҼ 
ھ䣬ʾɣĲˣԸΪ˧Ծޱز˵óѡټʱ 
ھҪȥˡϲл 
ȥᣬھнμ㣬ڰȫн顣а 
æҲԷġ̾͢ÿճ֮͢£ʵѻ 
ġڹٷ׷Ȱ㡣ϳʼղ޳֮£ȻᶽҪ 
ˡʷԪ޳κ͵ˣһݣ½κ 
ˡڹٹߡеβеɴ󳼣 
࣬Ҫʥس¡ܼӵ԰࣬˶ƴ󣬽м鵳Ҳ 
Сǡ¸Էͷ¡ 
ڹɢᣬ£Ϊ͢տʱȥ 
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ǰѹȥ˵ˣ˵Լ¡͢ 
ȻԼʧšҲ뿪˧ҲûдӦ 
ܾ͢ûУܾ߳š͢ 
ȻˣǻӦǰȥԼҵֵҲ壬ξС 
ʿȥˡǸͷȻòƿҿȴˣӦȥɽ 
ɡ 
ᣬ͢ǣֽ޺Щ˵߳ţȻ 
ˣֲۡΧбģֱ⡣ 
ɽɽ´ϵɽ½죬ʱ֡룬 
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䣬ŵһЦּʣЦδͣӰ֣ɲ°ȹƮȻ 
һʵǰأɲɫһˣҵĹ 
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޶˶ұȽ£ɲƢ֣֮Ẉ̂ҲͲȥ 
ǰ᣿ 
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ɲ֪֪ŮǸߵģͲ֪ˡ 
ɲһͬסҲǣǰ 
Ѹ˽ȥǰɲȻЦݣ 
һ룺˷ĺ㻹ЦɲЦһֵ 
ҵҪˣġҪŮ͸㣡һ 
ʲ˼ɲʲ˼㻹װɵý㶮 
ýĵɲɫһˣ㲻Ǹ֮ˣΪʣ 
ּḺˣɲǹйŮͬУ˾ 
ʦɺŮװͬסңѵǾûа˽飿ɲֱڿ죬 
˵ûߵ͸˵ĳ˹䡭Ǿ 
й֮СȴŲʹڡɲЦŮĽ¼Ѱ 
ϲˣͶ˭˵ڣʿо漱˵Һ 
ɺദŮǧ򲻿ᣡ 
ɲüͷһ壬ЦЦз˽²˵ˣֻ㣬ϲϲ 
Ѻ˵ɲصֱ˵ҵĻ˵ 
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Ȣϲһ£Ȣһ£ɻΪһ̸ɲ 
ңԸԸȢɲ˵ 
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ϳ壬ȢɲЦߣȻǶˢһ 
ȻŲܣɲ֮ᣬݣ֮䣬 
ɲײޱȣִָؽҪ 
޿̣üವһҲ˳ɲб 
£Ͱýɱˣƴ߽걩硰ŭ¾ 
ûˣ˳֪֮ɲ뷨ͬΪ 
ɺͬУͬסһңɺҲԸͷȢɣ 
ȣҲԶɽľչ˿ɱɲ 
Ƚɲеɺã֮ˣҲգɱˣ 
һĿĹˣԷɲһһͻȻ϶ֱһ̵ֱ 
ʺҪ 
ͷһͷɭɭɲˢһųһ亹Ȼ 
ŭһһСٻ족ɲĽ˿ȥŭƾʲҶȢ 
ɲֽһɺãͷϿڲԣǽҲ 
ûãҲȢճڣͻȻһװĴȣһźӰͻȻ 
£һֻСӣҵŮһ 
ȭ˵鵲һǰˡδ˵꣬ 
һȭѺף㲻ԸҲˣΪγ裡һ 
磬ԹΪأĶУǰġͷһš 
ȭƣͬʱҶˣٽƱҲûáߣȭ 
ƾֻţʱȭ⣬һΣߣ 
һһƳͷʹѣƷһɿ⣬ɲһ 
ǰһˢһĴ̵Цڻ𣿡汦һ 
ɲȥһԾһֱӥӿգǰָ繳 
ٿץ¡汳ܵУ̾һѽһףеãɱ˰ɣ 
һɱ־УͻȻһƻһԲͣ 
ڰաڽδ֮ʣһУһŮһ˳е 
Ҫ֣ŮлҪ˵־ϲһɺҲ˵ 
ԭɲΪ׷ؽףԶ⣬ֱϳý 
ͷ糾һֱ׷ǡ˾֮ᣬзɺŮװ 
ͬסҡհŮϳţԭһʱ֮ʮڡɲ֪ 
⣬βȥǣǸСʶģ˼ұ 
ýʱɲ̽ڹУɲԤҪ˹ 
ȥңȻٴϹɡɲȴ 
ҲСӣǷͷ£ȥ̽Ů˹ȥǸϹ 
ᣬСӲǺ𣿡ɲ˭˵ǺˣҺһι 
ڣɺóףҺܺͽ⡣ɲƢ֣һ˵ 
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֪͢ܣǿֻá  żаҲֻǳ춽˧˽ 
ģΪãˡֲɲ˵ĹٶɣҲȷ 
ɲԼ񣬵᣿˵ˣ͢û˵ 
ǱԱǰлʵ֮ʵǿϵ⡱͢ԪȥϮ 
ˡɲԱ֣漱УȻһɵˣ׽ɲġ 
ʱԼΪǸŮģرģ벻ɵŮӣһʱ֪ 
룬֪͢⣬Ц֣λ̽ңҵ 
ѡȻ͢ǸˣŮǿ̸ỶǢ 
Ƶġ͢Ȼ˱ʾҲͷģٽˡ 
һᣬѰܵ˳˺ôһӴ̫ˣ͢ 
Уھַãȥɣӹܵǣ͢ɲΪ 
ʶ޲иŮһ彣ȻЦĽ˭ 
ģɲ𣿡͢ĽˣȻ 
ȴϲ˱ȽɲϧǴ٣ҪȻҾȥȽ 
͢λҵĲ桭ɲŵ֪͢ 
ĽҾкųƵһԸԸһȣ㵽Ϊֹ׼ˡ 
ɲЦ棬ԭ㻹ãٱһȡವһγ 
ŵö㵽ᣬ͢ûæ棬ǰȹ 
ģɲֹһˣѽɫ磬δر߹أٸ㡣 
棬ⳡȽɡ͢᲻뿪Ӱһŵ 
磬˵ɫ硣ɲ͢һҪȽ˵Ҫ 
ͺ컨ĸȽ֪ʲᣡ͢ʲ컨ĸֺù֣ 
һʦ춼ǰʶ㡣ɽ֮ʱ 
˵컨ĸĹ¡æ͢˧лҪ˵ɲ 
ǿڴ˵رȽ͢ģ飬Ƚ˵Դ 
һᡣã棬ʲỰ˵͢米ᣬԼһյݱʱ̣ 
δĲ 
ֻ治ϷŹɲ룺ŮħͷӣȻ͢ 
ǰԱ֪֡ˣҲ͢Ϊ󽫣мǿҲ 
õĵضӲˡɲɫ磬̸֮͢УȻһŷ 
͢˵ѣȻѣҲûġһᣬ͢ 
Цɲ˹ȥ͢ұ 
һڿ;֮УȴòöɲΪʲỰҪ 
˵ȴҪҽסѲġƽ  ǿͷӵѵĶ 
ҿɲҪ͢Ȼû㣬ȴҪһ㣬֮ 
ᣬһҪġɲһң⵹档ҵҪʲᶫ 
͢óһףЦ㵱ѣɲ 
㵱ѿ㵱ٵ̸ã͢˵һ 
𲻴ӦɲϲҪңǣ͢ 
ȥǸʲ컨ĸ֮ʱһҪ״ϣ֮ᣬͻɲ 
׽΢ͨ˿֯ɣΪϲãĻ 
ֱ͢ſڣŵ 
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СȡϺõĻְͭ諰һһɲպã 
첻ʩչṦҵĿȥɣɽţɽɲһ 
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ħºʯôļӣ׿һһشĵʦ 
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ʯʲ᣿׿һûʲᡣʦ塢ҿⳡȽ˰ɣ 
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ɽһᣬֻһ˶ޱȵʯɽƾһƬƽأͺ 
˵ʨһ㡣ʯħˣȥʩչṦ棬 
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а֮䵱ҲУʯȴȥһˣҲ 
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ͷߵõҷɣײʯͷϣѺüʯͷײɢʯ˹Ц 
ЦδͣȻЦСӣҵʯ󡣡 
̶ͺ˶Ŷкһ㣬ʯ˳һĿĹˣӰʯ 
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ˣһȣޱ߲һ컨òײ࣬Σɽ 
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ΪϿʵʯΪ䵱֮һҲʮһ 
СӣСŭ˵䵱ϵ֣˵ûУϸƤһ 
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׿һȴ˹ʵǰϸһЦ 
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԰ҲΪ档Ժ컨ĸ书ҲΪǿ֮ǣȻԴȴ 
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컨ĸС㻹УʯҲ㻹У컨ĸѹ 
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ĸŭСӲ̧١һᣬǾж˿ȥһ죬 
죬ɰʯƾˡʯ˵ֵͷȣԴ·磬 
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Уɲ˫˫ǣĸɷɲ˽ħ¾ۣ֪Σ 
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ʯ 
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аɣ컨ĸƽ˵Ӳж֣ɲüһЦ 
ѽں컨ĸǰһԲ 
컨ĸȵ㵷ʲ㵽벻ԣδͣɲһ 
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Цϵ̺컨ĸУݵĽҪʵʩϮ 
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컨ĸߡһѣʵ죡ˣ֮ 
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˭Ǻ컨ĸˣ׿һĿѣҡһʱȴǾ֮ݲѽ⣬ 
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˿ʱʯˣ׿һʦȥ׿ 
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ˣԼȴ˿Ǻ컨ĸˡ˼ˣΪɲ 
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ΪǺް취Ҳ  нķݶһᣬȻһߣ 
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컨ĸس˴ԭ컨ĸĹȷҪɲ߳࣬Ⱥ 
ʯ˴ٶУֺŭȣڹѼ 
࣬ҪȻĪ˵ˡ̫õһٶУһҲ԰ɲ 
ıɡɲռ˱ˣԼ֪ 
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ʯݻ֮ᣬ컨ĸƽ֡һսϵش󣬲֪ 
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ڿһת˿ȥЦ㵷ʲϷϿڷſЦδЪ 
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컨ĸ֮Хǰͷɲǰһ㣬е 
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Ȼ컨ĸĵŮ޼þǿһץȥɲͻȻſһ£һųѪ 
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ų඾ʾ˷ɲҩɵҩ躬ڿУ 
һţȻ䲻˳ȥɢ񣬴һ 
컨ĸŭһ𣬰ɲıе컨ĸҪҪ 
컨ĸһ죬ռɨɲЦ㻹ʲἿ˽ 
磬Ծӥ裬£â硣컨ĸ˼ͻȻһԾ 
ϣͷһɲŽֺὣһ⣬ֻáһ 
ĸͷһᣬͷͻȻһ֦λεУƾճһߡҪֽ֪ 
ִ֮䶼Ҫʮ׼ȷɲռλǹȲ֮ϵ˵Ĺ 
ͷϺȻһ֦Уɲѷ˳ȥط컨ĸֺεѸ 
ǰһͣɭɭָɲѣ 
ԿУͻȻʯĿڵĵۣ亹ԾȦӣ 
ȵöֶԸС᣿컨ĸͷһ𣬵пʯҪ 
Ҳܣη𣬳˲ҽһʱֻɲ컨 
ĸѾֿɲɫ磬ЦٶУ 
Ϊ죬Ҳ벻ɲǿı죬Ȼܹ 
ʵɲƾűĹУǶ׵컨ĸ 
п嵽ѣɲֱŽǰʱΣæϾ 
ǣһ񣬺컨ĸһģһ䣬ȴ岻ȥɲкεȿ 
ݣں컨ĸͻһ֮ʣֱһȦһѺ컨ĸϵùǴ̴ 
컨ĸЦһãǰˣӽ֮.Ҳûк컨ĸ 
һ٣֮ӵӰ٣ɲЦǱ 
½⿪Ļͭһ죬СƬɲ 
ҩ裬һתЦҺûˡ׿һĿģе 
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˽ҩǰö࣬ΡΡվɲѽһ׿һеʲ 
᣿ʯԲ˫Ŀɲʯˣˣⳡ 
ɣ׿һαػҪȽʯ˵ã֮ڣ䵱ɽ 
㣡ɲЦ׼ʧ 
˵֮䣬ħһƬʯֻ  ɱһȺ 
ʿΧһ󺺣һŮѱʧл 
ʯٿȻɫ˵һⲻ໪ڽң׿һ 
ɽʯе໪໪һԾʯ 
᣿ʯ֮ᣬ磬һԾͻȻȥ 
һְţһʦȥʮʿٸԾ 
һХ̧ʯͷȥʿһ׷׶ܡ 
ֵߣ׿һʦ壬ɲӱɽһҲ 
Ϲ治ǶʹĳԼǵȴִ 
ʿ׽ˡɲ޺˵ĳѲˣײҵܽ 
 
˽ųѸǻʱֻصУ׿һǰͬʦһ 
ʯסСɲһЦףʦˣ 
Եƽҡʯ˷һۣ˵ 
ʯˣɲһ䵱ɵĵĦȭ 
ƣ׷ɲЦɲ¡ʯ˱컨ĸ˵ 
˵ˣϲ׼˽ҩǿˡڹиף죬 
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֮һҽȥʦúʦȥսû 
мʦ᣿ʯ˻ֵȥ˵Ľҩɲ 
ҪԵġ΢΢һЦʯһ顣䵱ɶԹ 
𡣡ɲЦҶûж˺֮ᣬʱԼұȽ 
׿һͬŷʦϢЦʿ潾βڡ 
жǫףɴͬ΢Ц컨ĸ 
ǰҲ˵𣬿ɲ֪Ϊ˺¡ԭȴǵĲӡ 
һһţȴְѻסһ֮Եȴ֪ѺãҲ 
 
һ׿һʦж㣬Ϳ͡Ц 
㲻ҲҪˡΪãô˻ᣬɣʯ 
䵱棬ҺͰʯˣҲ㷢 
¹˹֣ɲ 
׿һͳ⣬ʦ岻飬ǰˡ˵ 
˵ʦʲỰ˵׿һһ죬ԭʦһͬŷԸ˵ 
жɲȴǱŹУ䵱˶׼ɲ⻰Ǹһ 
ͬţʵ˵׿һһ׿һͿͣҲǺнɲ˼ 
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㺦׽᣿׿һֱ͸ЦѶĿںû 
˾ӡ׿һһ󣬺㣬л˵п 
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ˣҲرǿˣɲЦҪ 
ӡ׿һǡܰŮȳһӾͲԽˡ 
ɲ䵱Ǽϣ޹ĿǲңҾƫҪ 
ԡ׿һĬȻɲʦǸŮѽ׿һ 
ȻȲˡɲһЦҲѿɣ׿һһŮ 
УҲòˡɲ˼ɫһ˵ʵʦǲ 
Ů㣿׿һ˵û˵ɲֲľ 
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ɲһЦ׿һ˵ܲ˽㡣ɲһ⻹׿һ 
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Ƿݣʦ㣬ȴҪȥŮɲϼ˼ӿ 
һ׿һתһ룺ǻϲҵġҲеο׿һ˵֮ᣬ 
͵ɫɲüëһཻһ׿һһĵ 
ˣˣɲֱһҲҵˡ׿һ²͸ϲŭ 
Σ˵ɲҲΪҪֺðʯˣҴӦ㣬һΪ 
ʦá׿һϲл˵Ҫ˵ġʦ 
塭ɲŭ֪䵱ɴӲˣ·Źãȥ 
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ʲᣡɲЦûʲᡣ˸ϻɽסɲһ·Ĭ 
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ȥͶ𣿡ɲѴӦ˼ˡĬ˼˺þãȻ 
𣬵ˣǲؽɲϲа취Ҳ 
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˵໪գ㸸ǰѵһ٣вޡʯȥᣬ໪ 
ȥ⣬ͬħȥ䵱ڱţбȥֻǰ 
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ǡ໪ͷһȻˣһʮ꺺ӣһǶʮ 
ҵ꣬òΪӢƺǶ̸ָЦԼһ 
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ܲ졣໪·ܿǡƬȵɽɽ 
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һǴĸˡ໪֡ٿһ 
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Խͷ꺺ӻʵιȥʲطŭǣ 
ΪǺЦ·ߵѵ߲ãӣ 
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壬͸һɴŭγ彣໪Ҫ֡ 
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׷ħŮϾ ʮ  
ϲꡡָӽ  
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ӡ̰ͼȢ֮ᣬϼ̫ɽãʯ˽Ů 
ĳƴȻۣʱͺ໪ͬ꣬÷֮ 
Ȼʦ̫Ϊ䣬ΨһĶӣԲе谮ݣͯʱ 
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˵ֻإҵŮ׺ݾףȴûм໪Ц׿ʦ 
졣ҵĸײȥȴҪͬȥ 
һǰͻ绢ʨɽȣָǰһʨӵɽ 
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ĵɲΪ׺ԸǣŵľͺðˡǶ 
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ܺɲĽݳļƻҲĽݳڵȨС 
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ҪȻҵıɲ档ǰڵĹ 
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ˣɲЦλҪķ²أ컨ĸŭǲ 
조ĽݳҪȥҾˡһЦȭҾת 
ץ𣬺ɲˡ 
˵ｫХƵѺһ˼ǰᣬԲҹ˽ 
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Ľ֮ߵ˵Ҫʲ飿 
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ХѺؼ෿֮ᣬһᣬֽ˽໪Ϸţϸ 
˵֪Ĺ᣿໪˵˵ùйһɷ򡣡 
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ŵãҵ鷿һ鷿һ 
ֵݸһ棬һᣬҾͻ໪ȼ෿ 
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ˡĽݳĵ֪ˣ治ĻǰԭĽݳʱ 
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ˣǰͷҲ·ԻӦһͬסꡣɽ 
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УСӣɵסɲĬȻһʱ벻ԳֵȻҲ 
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Ԫصľ׼˺ɲͨɲʰǣŮͷĿ 
װ˳Ǵ̽ϢϻŮͷĿ˵֮ᣬ·Ͽأ˵ǵ 
ʿӭסɲ˵еʿӭ׵ĵŮͷĿҺγ֪ʿ 
ӭףȴӭ׵ӣֲ˵ɲЦʵ 
ģѽŮͷĿ˵һԶԵĵʿߣԼÿʱ 
һԡֻƼһԣۣɫȻһ 
˵ͷһԣһ߾ٹͷӭʱмǲŮһ 
ÿһëɫҲͬͲûд֣ҪȻӭˡɲһת 
Ȼһ£ţʱ죬ˣŮͷĿĪԣɺʵ 
㣬޶˶˸ʲ᣿ɲ΢΢һЦûʲᣡŮͷĿڨЦ 
կ˵ӭף˵˵ʿҲءʿͷ 
ȫ׳һԶԾͬź¡кӶ˵üëҲЦһ 
¡ɲЦⲻǵʿӭף䵱ɽǵˡ䵱 
ڣǰǵɺüѰʱҲһԶԵءɺţ׿ 
һҪ䵱ɽˡǼʦᣬǰʯˡ㣬ӭף 
סɲ˵ɺ㲻˵ϲ˭Ҫ°˭Ϊ 
ʲˣɲߣСӺû㵱Ҳ֪׿һ 
ѣ㲻׿һ֪Ϣˡɺ 
˵УǺ״ɲЦǾҪףҲôһ֮ᣬ 
ڻδӭأɺָһΣƤɲһЦա 
˼죬£󻧺عٻˣһ濪⼷һ˵ʡ 
⼷֮ޣÿÿֻ뱡࣬ϰҲ桰 
Ǳѡݡ֪عٴˣַڱ֮ʱʹ͵Ĵ 
ǣʡľһ뱡Ҳʩˡӵǵ 
ʩСѹѼ춹ļɱˡһߣɲ 
ɲеľԼжǧ̴ӦͼԼ乥ǡ 
ǡһ죬䵱ӭŵĶѾ˹Ԫ 
׿һ䵱ţ֮޿ơҶ˺Ƶ˺ 
ʯʮӣ׿һ޿κΣֻʦͬŴߴ֮µǳ̣ȡ 
䵱ɽ 
յ˹ԪֻеɭϣʿѲͷ֪ǡ 
¡׿һ̾пܻɽǲˡ䵱ڸض 
еӡԪһ۱䵱ɵ֣ʯ˵Ƚ֮ᣬ۵ 
ǽӵڡ 
׿һ֪ɲڸɽͷݣһ°΢ɽǴҹ 
׿һշת࣬ҹδߡôһ£׿һΪǰʯˣƿ 
ţһºٿȻ˽ѣѪۣ΢Ĳ͵£Եʮֿ 
£׿һһ˵׿ֽ׿һˣ˾Ȼ档 
׿һСʵһڰ͵ƴ𡣸ҵİʯʵһ 
㻹δ˯𣿡ҡҡͷָѣְ˰֣ʾ׿һҪ˵ 
׿һ˯ȱ衣ʦ壬˼ҲЪɡ˵֮ᣬѿ 
˵ʦᣡţЬӣɵϣ 
һͷŶ˵˵һξĶǵ 
ԭ͢ɶ֮ᣬεԬӦ̩ǽţ޾ͳ˧Ŭͳ 
ˮ½һսսֹԬӦ̩µԱ󽫺 
ʱδ塱ţŬԳơ󺹡š𡱣̫ʼ 
ۡҼԬӦ̩ǶԶ¥ս֮ᣬٻ¥ɱ߷ 
˾ţɾǺӶ֮ӱʮկųǡݺӣµ飬飬 
飮飮ˣݣҫݡݡݡݣȫݵȴСʮųǣȫݾ 
ռɺԶ 
һܣ͢У˸֮ԣ¾ģǰ͢Ĵ 
أרʹگģ͢ξԣϷǻ 
ˣʵȨԲ͢С͢ƶȣɶԽν 
һѲͳ½ѲѲѲͳˮʦ 
פɽأнơ͢Թ½Ƶȫˮʦ 
šɶ뵺սʷġòߡ 
׿һ̸֪͢ġòߡᣬܾȷǴ 
֮ţսԹؼ汸òѽսģǻġ˺õ 
սԣȴ޿ɵ֮ʵҲ޿ɵ֮в֮֮ߣ 
һֽġ׿һܾԸǿϣв֮ 
̾ǰ෽ܱᣬһҶ࣬ȥǺκһ 
ǿ׳ˡɶԽµѲ֮УѲƫƫ 
Ҷߵ͢ĵǲܾҪȴҪֱפءܾǰ 
ľԬӦ̩ͳ£սȫˡܾзأļ 
ǧȴӵʮܾԿСԡ֮ʵȨԶ 
ͣ˶ߡϳҶ̻꣬ݡ͢顱Ȼ겻 
͢ơԽŪԽ㡣׿һȻˣɶΣ޿ص 
ˡֲܾңһ˻صڣȴΪΣ 
׿һ⼸仰ᣬþòش𣬵ϱһƬԭ 
ˮ׿һǿֹˣ˵ϸ˵ȥܾ 
Ȼޱһɶʤ̡ɺȲ֪ȴУ޾ 
֪Ƕ˲ͣŬิʴɹɺӣֱأơһ̱ 
ܸ֮ңȫûǿܾʵǧױŰڻأɺ 
ȫУҲʧˣܾԺصڣ͢κͺҶ 
ʹеµУ֪飬Ȼܾսʧ֮׿һ 
ΣһƬܾԾԩˡ 
׿һһţʧ漱æס׿һˮҲ˳ 
ܾȥġУģҶ֮飬ɶ֮ȫܾ 
ͷϡܾԱͷҪ׾űߣ꣬սܵĳ˼ 
£Ī춴ˣǸȴְ¡˵˴׿һҲ 
סڵİʯֽеһỹδ˯𣿡 
׿һ֮״һ󣬰ѽŶٵô죬һ󣬲ŵţ 
μʦʯغ˼룬绹Ҫ·׿һӦһ 
˵Ҫ˵ȥ书׿ˣܾ 
֮ᣬκҡһѼɽ;УĽݳս 
գҴĸʿ˳ĽݳҲ׷ᣬӵ 
ԪҲ׷Ԫҳڣ˼Ȧӣӵţʦǽ 
ȥ᣿׿һ£ֵǽ֪治˼ 
һ׿һұһ飬Ȼܾе 
ʶı߹ش󽫣跨Ȿ׸ţֻûˡ׿һ 
ʲ飿ܾڼ꣬һ飬Ϊɶɶս 
Ҫ˵ʵǿñĵʧȫд档˽飬רŶԸ޵һ 
顣κңֶֻΪһ顣䵱ţղһ׵ 
׿һ뻳С죬һֻôʦ³ǽ 
ʯʦ壬˰ݷϡ 
׿һŦðʯ˵ĽŲѳ棬˰ɣֻ 
׷׿һͬ׷Ӧӳ 
˵ʯ˿˹ţֻĽݳͽֶվ棬һƬѹѹģԼ 
ʮ֮ࡣʯ˴һĽݳЦһᣬһᡣǰеСС 
ڣȥǱ˴סǵڣҹ㣬ᡣֻǽǵ 
֮вշȴСˡףշǡ 
ʯ˲ʲշĽݳǸСӡʯŭ 
ӻǸСӣĽݳȻˣǾòҲ˹ڶˣ 
ɣʯڹУδв֪֮ 
ж䵱ɵĵӣʲڣʯˣС 
㣬б¸ߵҹ֪ӵѣ 
˭֪ʯĸǽһǺ棬ĵãǽ 
ѣѲøߵͷѹŴ󿪣Ľݳһӿ룡 
ڵ䵱ȫ𣬺ƵҲӭ˳ĽݳڹⲼʿڹڸ 
Ҳ˼ءȻʵʹ׿һסһ䷿ʯһƣʮ 
ȫڴˣֻ׿һһ׿һڷ͵ķ 
䣬Լв֪֮ȥҪֹءĽݳЦ 
ȻǹţԴ治֮ʯ˴ǵ׿һ⣬ 
һţ 
һ׿һơһѷŻ򿪣̬ȴݣڷУ 
ʲ᣿˷УĴӰӣǧҿӣ鿴ףҲ 
ûӰ׿һ䵱䣬񣿡⻰ʦ 
ʦֵŭ𡣰ʯϲһ⺢ӹȻ˵ӣҿɵø 
ҲźȵϹ֣˹ţһ 
Цʯ֡Ľݳţ˭ķ䣿ʯ˸ŭ 
ҵķ䣬ĽݳЦ㲻кǽȥ𣿵ķ 
Ҳ١׿ţСҪҲѽ䳰 
ȷʯԽŭ˳һƻԼķţе 
δ˵Ŀɿڴ澹ȻԼϣ 
ԭʯһ׿һüƲߣȥİѰʯ˾ 
С 
ЦĽݳ˽һȭһ´˽ 
֣ʱ̮ڷƹƹҴ죡 
ʯãһץץ׿һνסȵʦ壬 
ȣҲ䵱ɵѣˣȵ䵱 
շǿɶˣ׿һ˵ʦ壬ǹ 
Ǵʥּͼ˽𣡡ʯ˲֪͢ھǹȻҲǴʥ 
ּҪ͢¡֣͢ҪأҲ֮ 
Сʯ˵׳ֻҪ治շǾֻǽϵ˽˳𶷣˭ 
ȭȻϲСӣɵñȫ䵱ɵۿ׿һвס 
ʯ˷Ȼ𣬰νսţ 
ȵˣˣʯе˵ö֮һ 
չʮͽĽݳҲӷڴ 
ȡһдңƵ˺䵱ʮһνĽݳĽ 
ս񶷣 
Ľݳ׽ɱһȭ޵Уһǽͨǡǡƽ֡ʯ 
ǽ֣֮ǰɲùǣ컨ĸõ 
֮ҽΣҩಹ꣬ùǲǹ 
ɲԪȴѴˣķ书Ǵǰһ˳ʯ˾ 
൱ƽ֣ 
䵱ɵĽԭϳ˽ʮֶǱг͵Ľݳ 
еʿԵֵס׷һ硣ĽݳԳХڹصʿ 
˽ѣһ䣡 
սһᣬ۴ŵʿȻ𣿡ԭɲɺ 
ʮŮ֮Уͷһѻˣͳеפ 
ԽԽ࣬Ƭ֮䣬ǹҪ֪ƽʱپԣһΪ 
ѹã̵Ҳܹȥͷ¡ڶϣ 
±öҶˣͷһ൨׳񣬾ۼ 
ˮƵ̷ƺƵɱ죬񲻿ɵɲһپУѴͳ 
һץ˻֮Уپʱҡ 
ɲѶپͶȫһЦɱ쵼߹پ 
ɺѹҹһ˼ۼȥ 
˵Ľݳȼдɱţ붼Ծֻһɵˣ˳ǡ 
ǧе׽ס䵱ɵĲҪǷֻ֮ơ䵱ɵڵ 
ѶǿǺϹ棬ֻսһ󣬻ԽɱԽߣǧ˰ʯ 
ˣ棬׿һҲ˶Եеʿͦءˢˢչɽ 
ľСժϴ˫Ŀдʺ쳣Ľݳ幦տҲȵ 
ܡӥȻɱ׿һ֣ߣǧأ 
˫ִŽ˿ף¶ˣһ𣬽ǧбб 
׿һֱһб̣ˣɱΧݶ 
ȥˡŭȵ׿һշһⷣòշҲҪ˫׿ 
һһǳ֮ƣ۱ȴǽ֣һȣ 
ʯָĽݳţҲڳԽ䵱мɱȣǽһ 
һУȱδ׿һıѸһ߷ɣЦһץ׿һ 
ץ£ 
ЦδͣȻһĵЦѽĴЦѹ 
ȥɫ䣬һץٻ׿һһϲ 
̧ͷʱɲӲݶϼ 
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죬ӯӯЦͻģȻַˣùѺ£ 
𣿡ԭǱ˽ӣɲһ˵ʱǰĻȻ 
Ͳиţ׿һŶߡɲЦͣнȴ 
羪쭣ת˲֮˺üʿֱȥո߳ţ 
һһغ«б¡Ľݳһһȭɲͻ 
ɲǿһ𣬺һӹĽݳͷڰһ佣ɱʱ 
ʿɲĽУΪ̵ȫǵ˹ؽѨ˵ʿʹ 
شɲߣٲʵһһƬ֮䣬˵ʿ 
ʮʣȫɲӹʯԣЦǰ֮Լ 
᣿ʯ˿ЦãɲˢˢͻȻӰʯв´Ͱʯ˶ 
ʿˣȻӳĽݳۣһȭһ䵱Ӵ򷭣 
ɲطЦĽݳ壬´Щͬ龡ʰˣ㣡ͻȻ 
׿һߣЦοǲ˫ָһۣһ¿׿һѨ 
Ʈĳ⡣ʯ˴£ϳʱʧڤڤҹɫ֮С 
ʯŭˣˣĽݳ屧ȭһҾܾˣٴ 
ˡĽݳһ׿һˣԼˣٴҲ 
䵱Ķֻ֣ðˡ 
˵ɲ׿һ·ң֡׿һԹǸ𣿡ɲ 
Ҳ벻ˡ׿һʦǵĹִЦ˵ǻΪ 
°ȥأסɲ°ˡסЦһ 
 
׿һɲߵϿʱʱ֣ƺ¶ɫ⣬ˣ 
ơɲǰͷԾɽڣٻѲŮ׿һһ 
ԾϿȡǣϼĪ澳Ҳ롣֪Σ뿴»ط 
⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ʮŻءծѳʻǰԵδ֤  
׷ħŮ¾ ʮŻ  
ծѳʻ  
ǰԵδ֤ ɲһ𣬷㼲Ӷ£ʵʲ飿׿һոձȿڣ 
ɲѵԡ׿һһҰٵƺƼˣٿֲϿƲ 
ɲ˭ҵˣʯ˼ЦϿ 
ƼգҵˣǾˣĪۻ᣿׿һ 
ɽ֮ʱżȻδ˵꣬ɲȻһһƬãҲ֮ 
ȥԭɲĿ飬ֻһƳѷ˿ڲ࣬޷˵ 
֮ԣ־ȻͻȻ֣Ű룬˼룺 
ǶĽɫҲ֮ 
ϷһƬУݴͻȻһˣɲ۾һͻ 
һ컨ǰһΣֳΣǺ컨ĸ 
컨ĸЦһ꣬ԽԽˣֻ˽Ӵˣ̫ 
᣿ͷȶٵЦޱߵĴ컨Ҳ 
ɲһ漴Цԭ㣡Ӳӹ˺Ϊ 
ٱһ᣿컨ĸׯ˵ҪҪȣǾȫˣ׿һ 
ǰһŵǧǰ֮Լѵ 
֮£ 
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ңֱ˵֮⡱ξܶ°취֮⡱Ը 
ɣ컨ĸ͵͵ˣ죬֪δ 
£飬ңұ᲻Ϊԭ﷢ 
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ɲ׽ȥˡҪ˵Ͽɲȥɽأ컨ĸΪ棬 
ȷУȻףһϵϿɲҪˡ 
ɲ˺컨ĸ֮ᣬǹһЦ̶˵Ӳ 
컨ĸĽݳƭңɲأ𻰣ٺЦ컨 
ĸŭЦʲ᣿ɲЦ簮Цû֡Ǻε 
ˣѵã˳в֮һ֮ǰĽ 
һۣҪ׽ܾԵĲ档ⲻ᣿׿һӿ˵ 
ܾԸ˺׾űߣԩףǻϷŹҪݳ֪ 
ܾԵ飬Ͳϧ׷٣Ҫȥ֮죡ǻ˹ҵ 
ǣҪܾŵƵ֮飬ȥУǰǲ칲 
֮£ɲδ֪ܾ֮£ԳһϢ 
𣿡׿һβ棿ܾԵ 
֮裬ȡٻұ㽫㣡컨ĸһȣһʯʯм׷ɣ 
ŭ㵱Ǻεˣ˵棬ɱУȻа 
ԣٺ٣ɲҿҪپʤɲ㾡ȥ飬 
ĽݳĻҵĻ֮ᣬ㲻ңҲҪʤ 
أ˭㲻ɣ컨ĸɣĵĽݳʣȣ 
ɽȡ 
ɲ˿˳Ȼ˵͢Ǹˣ 
裡׿һɲʶδ޹֪жǷǳʹɲ俫 
ᣬȻ˵С֮ԲҪ͢ܣǱͷ߳ѣ׿һ 
˭СɲһλصӢۣĩ£ 
ҿˣ׿һδɲޱˣΪ棡ɲ˵ 
֮͢ȻɰҲóܡ׿һС 
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ֽ͢Ƽʮ̳ȫɨο໹ֻ죿ɲü 
ͷһ壬չüЦҺ겻һȱ۰ɡ鴽һХٻѲ 
ŮŮӭӣɲ׿һϸɽկѲһܣ׿һɽկС 
ȴҪƽõΪܣɽͻһͷͻŴ죬 
Ͽȣ׿һĵ֪Դپѹ롣 
ʱշϼҫۣɽȣԲԣѲ⣺ӷۣ 
áɲһ磬˼㯣Я׿һ֣ȻʵҪ 
ȥʲʲӵ𣿡׿һĻһʦŶأ䲻ΪҪ 
Ϊ֮ˡɲһЦҲһҪѽ磬硭׿һ 
ʲ᣿ɲҵһλ־ͬϵѣ®ɽ 
ѧɾͣΪ䵱ɷһʣҲǱʦ֮һˡֱ 
ԣ䵱Ȼ£ǰĴĦʧֱȴδо˾գ 
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˵ᣬ䵱ȷչ죬ۿҪʢ˥ˡŵ 
ѧεȷǲԴ̶ɲ̫书ȴԵ·ˣҲ 
֮ٶɲⷬ˼ҽΪɰ£Ͻ˫ 
ޣͬ书Ѱ̽ء֣ͬ̽ҵڹµ 
ԤϱΪѧʡο书׿ˣ 
ͬɰףǼ޵̾˿ֻȱԲ 
Ҳֻһζѣλʦ嶼ɱŹУ䵱ŻҪ 
ϣܣοŴ֮ᣬʦѵҲеŮħͷ 
ϡѽǹ绨òҸԵ㥣ɲͷ֮Σֻֽ 
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ʲ᣿׿һһᣬ˵ǹ˵ɣɲʧժ 
һɽϵҰĬȻ׿һڨЦ⻨ţ˵㣬 
⻨ɲȻһЦѻɽȣ仨Ȼÿһȥ 
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ͷҲҪɳˣ׿һ֪ΪԼ˵ġٵȼꡱ 
绨죬ˮꡣ仰ԶϾ 
ɲ۽飬һЦ˵ɵӣΪʲأ 
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ӣȻԺӹǰʯˣ۾Լа 
һУɲɻ飬ʦŵñӱȻͷʱһкĿͬ 
ɲһҰɽȣ׿һĿƬڷƮ䣬Ȼ˵ 
㣬Ӧ񿪲ܵĻ䡣ɲЦ˵Σ֮£ഺפ 
֮ˣ˵үȻһ˼Ƕ࣬үҲأǼһسһأ´ 
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׿һ˵ĳɲǸл۸֮ˣ鲻࣬ 
ʫҲʣſ˵ĻûЭ֮⣬ֱǾʫʡδƣ 
ϣҡҡĺѽΣ޴׷Ѱоƣ̾ 
ϣɳĺ˵ĻЩʾעͣ˵ñЩʾ仹׶ 
ˡɲЦҰ׷ͷ֮ʱֻҲˡ׿һ֪ɲ 
ûҪԼ³飬ԼƣѴ𸲣ֻǿЦΪѻȥ 
׷Ҿȥ鵤ҩָഺɲ̾˿ 
˺˵ȴЦͷһᣬѻס̧ͷһͣ 
ɲȻתȻסһͷˣɺûδ 
׿һϲɺҲ᣿ɲ˵ͷ׿һǽ 
ܾᣬĻ䣬Ҳи˰οοɲ 
ѵ¶ܲˣȴæŹܱ˵£Ҫ˰οֺγҪ˰ 
οɺãػ֮ϲʵأ׿һ 
ͬҹĽݳҾͺԼ跨 
Щȥᣬٻۺ벻һͽҲ 
ҲֻҵʦǨŭɲǰֲ֪ 
ң׿һ֪ɺĵϣϲ 
أɲǰý֮£һ졣կѲߵŮѲɽᣬͷ 
̸ԶԶܿɲȻе⼸ɽկȥɣ 
ѲŮӦȥ׿һʲ°ɣɲеĹپȫ 
ˣǧپҲ¡οɺý书 
԰Ȼˣ׵ģ׿һǰɽ 
˵ɺˮƵ̷ѳеǧٱɱӵӣ 
Ҳһѻˣֻ֣ѵģлкüǰĳߣ 
ˣȻд󻧣ֵÿһʳЩȻƴ󣬵 
ײ֯ѵĶ飬ʳ㣬Хɢɺ룬ϧֻ 
ҪŮҪȻЩۼ̿ɳһ֧ռݸ֮ᣬʮɢ 
ˣɺϴŮϲҲǻɽ 
˵Ľݳ۴֮ᣬһ˵Ķʿֻɲý˹ؽѨ 
ʮˣټϱ䵱ɴ˵ģܹ¶ʮ֮࣬û˵ֻʮˣĽݳ 
Ϊɥû˵ˣÿ˱һԱ˵֣ɽȥ 
ʱڳд֣ã֮ʣĽݳлʢһص 
۱淭ɽ£ɽߵĴЪϢɱ֮ 
˳̣֮̽ĽݳϲѽӦǾȻ 
ƽ£ǲ̽ˡԭĽݳγҪ׷֮⣬д 
Ĵ顱ʱҺԳɶĴڡʯᣬӦ 
ʯеλãκͲɳ˶ܽͷеһѺֵĽݳ壬 
ɳ˽ͳӦҪͶͬ׷շ 
̽٣ĽݳѲۣӦڳأԼõ 
źšĽݳգҲ̣Ƭ̣Ӧʿ 
СӦʿۣһʵᣬ䵱ɵ˾Ȼ 
ǶĽݳ䵱ɵҲˣŮħͷҲЩʮŶ 
˵ġӦףǰҹһڳд֣°ҹֵۺ 
ȥˡĽݳҧ˵Ůħͷȥ磬ʤ 
ĸ󻼣 
ӦϾ޻üͷһ壬ҪɲʱӣĽݳ 
ʲ˵ף˵֮䣬ֱߺӰζĽݳȵ˭ 
ɫкӰɽ£ԭ綾ɰƽ졣ɲһ 
ɽ֮ᣬɽߵҲݴУл𣬲ҶԻسǣֱ˼֮ 
߳ 
ĽݳϹ֣Σãûбӡɲ 
ǽеĲ֮ȻԻģڹڣϽҩᣬԪ 
ȻЩЩӰ죬ȴ糣 
ˣզ࣬޺˵ŮħͷǧУͷ 
֮ޣĽݳЦϧɩӲϰæֻҪ׷ 
ȥأ컨ĸѰǡֵѱĽݳǲ۸ 
Ժ컨ĸƭϿ֮£δ֪ӦЦɩأ 
һǼˣĽݳû˵֪˿ɲ 
ڶҲδ֪Ľݳ˵ǲ֪ƢȻ 
֪Ū٣ʱֻɲĻҪǵĻˡĽݳ 
Ц춰ɣȴǰӦа취Ľݳã 
ղ˵ɲ֮ꡣ 
Ӧɲ׿һ°ȥ׼ˣĽݳӦ 
׿һ䵱ɵţű°ܴ裬䵱ɵļ 
ӣǲ˰ʯ˽ͣΪѣͬȥϿĽݳԸһһĸ 
֣쵱ĺúӢۣüͷȻˣɲҲӢ 
ЦӦһ˵Ľݳ书Ȩְϣףֻ 
̡ 
Цʵ䵱ҲܲĽݴȲϲ뷨 
ӡӦһתǲƾҲɳĽݳҡҡͷ 
ʿ룬ҳ䣬Ҫ̸ףӦ 
Ľݴ֪һ֪ƺƴȴں֮ڣʳȻɢ 
ڳ͵ɲŮ٣ƾû˵ֵܣҲ 
ĽݳŮȻ壬ɲأѵ͵еסı 
𣿡 
ӦɫΣǬһЦȻɲ֣Ľݴ磬ܲ 
춶ɲɣĽݳȻҸƾʵȡʤҵĶֻ֡ 
Ṧ޷κΡĽݳڹȭ޵У˵ĵǿ֮ʡӦЦ 
ˡԵĴȫ䵱ǰʿԣҪȻֽƾ 
ɲһˣԱϾǧ֪Ӧ˼ˣǸһ 
ϿǰҪ֮ؽӦǰδ˵ĵ֣ɶԸŮ 
Ľݴͽ֣ɲṦҲѡСܲţƾö 
½أҲԺּغϡ͵֮ʱŮھҪ 
ϿˡĽݳףֻصȥˣ֪Ӧɺ 
ɲаԾת֮䣬ִۻصǵģṦѵ˲ 
˼֮תһ룬Լı죬ٿɺƽ֣Ȼķ꣬ 
书ѷһҲǸһ֣ӦἴɲٸߣҲδӵ 
Լ¡ʮʿȥ½ءӦֶػԱʿԸһ 
Цһ׼ͣҲ۽ɩǷʶĽݴĻѻҲа취 
Ͽȥ磬͸صϲһ˾ڶδ֮ 
ʣС·߽ݾϵϿǰ 
˵ɺŮ˸߲ҵ뿪ԪٵõĽ鱦ƥԣѺ 
ɽկһ·϶ϰͲͷг̵飬һʱɽûϰճ 
ɺ̧ͷһͷһúܸߣЦһȵüˡ 
һ̣ɽڣ֮γ̹ȣ߹ʯɽéҰݣ 
ɺɽж£ŵгԲݰɡ˵꣬ 
úХ֮ʯȻӿཡһȣЦ 
ԭɲأɺһһ㣬бɺ 
Ϲ֣ҷҵ㣡ƽһӦе 
ʲ϶ɽȰŮ£˭Ůħһ·첻 
ɲҲɲѰǿ춵Էģ 
ȰĴ֣һץɺͷץ- 
ɺбһԾֵ㵹һʿŮන׷ӿϡɺɲ꣬Ṧ 
٣ȴˣŲ֮ʣǰһץɺܿˡ 
ɺУɢˣӦЦȳŮනУЩŮනȻ 
ѵأȴвסʿ䣬սֻü֮֮ҳһƬ 
ɺطϵİ鱦عЩʿ۾ 
Щ˱ʰ鱦Ľݳеȼߵˣʰ鱦Υնһɺ 
˫һУµս˻һ˵һȿڣϿȺɽ֮Уγ 
ɽȣŵɺ룺ֻҪȿڣкɲ 
ˡ 
ʱŮනɢɽڣӦ׷Ǵƶ 
ǰѾͷˣɲϿͱڶȥҪ 
򶷣ṦõҲռˡĽݳýкһ벻ðɲ 
мһŮʱҲһƥս׷ˣ 
ɽȵ¹ʯᾣɺ·죬ӣɽéҰгЩɽéҰݣ״ 
ɲصȴûмʯͷɺﲦéݣͿڶɽڣĽݳ 
׷ϣ䲻һƽͻ絶ʯ˻һ˵ص£ɺ 
˵ڶɽڡ 
ĽݳŭһѸԾʰ˼ʯͷĽݳˣ 
ٲȻУɺҲ˻һ£ɺˤȻ 
 
еҪŪѾͷĽݳ尵Ѿͷ书ãĪ 
ˣҪɲɲǿСǰ쿴΢Ȼ 
֦Ȼ䵽ԭɺ֮Уж̼ɺһѶ̼ 
磬ĽݳϥǣĽݳ䲻ʱһĽݳ 
۰ȴɺİ㣬ʮﵹ۴У˫ָһ飬 
̼γе죬ҲҪ׽ɲ׷ʱɺѽ 
˵ɽڣĽݳ塢Ӧ׷Ѿʮˣǣɽ 
˭Ԯ֣ɽǻ׷֪ɺܷգ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ڶʮءһɹɢѡδ  
׷ħŮ¾ ڶʮ  
һɹɢ  
ѡδ ɺڴߣһתۣԽԽߣ֮ 
㻹ĴȻŵһ𶯣ɽ֮ӦУã 
ѩʱĥ̴ɽʯͱѩһ£ԭϿɽĻѩ 
ⴺůʱ򣬽ⶳѩڣÿⶳ֮ʱɽڶҪɽϵɽʯ 
⡣ 
Ľݳ书׿ɽѩɹ֮УԾɽȣʺ֮ 
ɰֻɺɱĽݳһߣ˫һ񣬴ӵ 
£ɺٰѶ̼ĽݳзһƣѶ̼䣬 
һһץץɺɺʱľãеĽ 
ݳЦҾҪ㣡ѩֹ֮Ľݳͷһɽѱɽ 
ʯоṦܴͱǱ˽Ӧѽɽ⣬ 
ʿɽ֮⡣ 
ĽݳЮɺǶ棬ȻɲŮɱ£ǿ 
ǹѲڣӦȻѾͷȻȥɡɲŮħͷ 
죬ĽУһȡʱǷΪݴ 
ͣռˡĽݳãǿɽ߰ɡʵͱڣĽݳ书׿ 
ṦȻɲԲЮɺʵͱڣȻƽءӦ 
ѷԮҲಽֻǿ˽죬书ߣеĴδ 
ȫƽƽߣûʲᣬԾԮȴǲ㣬߼ЪһЪĽݳ 
ӦһѰɡӦṦԹˣкܲԸ⣬Ľ 
ݳֻӲͷƤͷȥĽݳЪŵȺвЮŵɺȻһ 
Ľݳȵ᣿̧ͷһɽһӰ裬Ծ 
£쾪ɲˣĽݳɺѨһߣУֻ 
ɽϲһӰӰͷһһߣǼӹһ 
ͷϿǱ屼ȥ˿ŮˣһԾӰΣҹʯ֮ 
֣ȻδƵʮȴȻŮˡ 
˵ɲ׿һߵɽͷɽ֮ɲеǰ 
ɽѩɺһˣɽɽͷһӰɱ 
һȴǺ컨ĸ׿һ컨ĸ˹ƻ㣬ɵõ 
ġɲһɽկһתɽկ׿һɽ 
ͷת֮䣬컨ĸ˵ 
ԭ컨ĸʱ뿪ϿᣬɲĻŽɣһ 
Ȱģδϣһѽᣬ͵ûм죬 
ҵڶұ׷ڳʱĽݳⲻ֪ 
ǰкӦǶıź컨ĸ֮ʱ͵͵ģнӦ 
ˡ컨ĸɲĵɲ˵ۣҵʡ컨 
ĸ֪ʯ˱У֮£ǳһ˫սУ컨ĸ 
̽ԼɷȷʵۣҲȷʵǱɲˡʯ˭пո 
ܺӣܵҺӣЦҪҺɲҪȥߣߣ 
ɲıɲ飬ĺŮħͷĶҲδػһĸ 
㣡ʯ˴֮ţȻеڶ࣬жԺ컨ĸȴӣԹû 
ʵƻ֮ߡ 
컨ĸȷУ䵱ٶԱۣ߳ſڲŴһ£ 
ͷʵǸʲأʯɫһ˭£֪ 
䵱ĵȻѴŹˡ컨ĸòУǻһ룺 
ɷδ֪ǱɲˣαػͰʯ 
컨ĸɽֵĽݳ壬ʱļɢЩ˵ʿ 
̧컨ĸһҺ֮ľȥһֻ˵ 
ʮӰ˾ţѨؽ֮ˣɲַˣ컨ĸĽ 
壬ҲӦеʿЩʿӦָ̣Ľ 
ܹܺӦͷȥȽϵ˼ҵϿȥɡ컨ĸΪʲҪ 
Ͽصʿף˼һ֪𣿽ǰɲˣȥ 
컨ĸǸʲأУܾǷ񱻳͢ɱˣʿ 
棿ţһ棡С䣬˼֪ѽͳ 
˧͢͵ӦûĶ͢Ҫ׷ǿɲרΪ׷ 
ġ͢ΪʲᱻǣǾͲˡ˵ͨ컨 
ĸ̳꣬ǣϿɱȥ 
Ͽʱ컨ĸң׷ʿæȥʣúȻأʯ 
ѩ֮ʱĽݳѽ˵ɽڣ컨ĸսһɽڣ֪ 
ѩɽסʿһʣʿӦͽܣƻʦ 
Ƚϵ·ϾͺŮනˡ˼üѩɽǹ 
ȥʵɽƹɽڵϿȥ컨ĸһܿѩ֮ 
ʩչϳṦɽ塣ϵ֮ʱĽݳͱڵʱͱͻ 
ʯʯ϶Ľݳš˺컨ĸһ㲻֪ɷ 
棬ʧֵ֮ۡʱּһӰڲɽ֣ǣ 
ȣ컨ĸĵṦȷףɲǲ֮䡣֪λ 
ˣ컨ĸϵĸңд˱죬˾ɲ֪λ 
ӵǰˡ컨ĸƽʱ˸ˣض׷ȥᡣǴ˿һǾȷ 
Уֲ֪ǵѣǵйȻһɱҲһѡϿ 
ǰ컨ĸǻڴ˵顣ǺӰĹȣҲһɽϼ 
ۣһɽ壬ֱϿɽɲĴկ 
ʱ׿һɽͷ㷡컨ĸ˵ȵɲأ׿һ 
ʵǰкָ̣컨ĸ£ɲ׿ 
һǰԴһᣬͳ컨ĸկŽգߣ 
ʩ֮ƣɲǵĵ컨ĸΪɲ֪Ҽկ 
ţҪ͵͵Ĵɽկɽȥͷ꣬һư׿һƿǰȥڼ 
һգկŴѣһկŵ£Ůන׷ӱܡɲɱ 
ŭȵ컨ĸҴҵկţˢˢֱ̺컨ĸǰģ컨ĸ 
һɲѼӹͷϸߵأȵٶ 
ٻغϣ컨ĸһȵɲƭң˻ңҪȻվ 
ݣɲ֪ǱŪկţͷϣҲӷֱ棬Ц 
ȵ㲻޺կţϵ㣬ҵĽϲ㣬Ҳ 
ݣ˵֮䣬б߸Уǿ֮ 
컨ĸŭͷȺɨֱ񣬺Ю磬ɽկ֮ǰɲս 
컨ĸȷУֺɲؾɱɽɲ 
ϿڹǸемܲסɲṦ׿컨ĸɰʯ׷ɣȴҲ 
ɲЦûʹʹˣ֣ 
񱶳ѶŽʹǰʽչ裬Ĩէէˣٿ 
ٿ£ʱʵʱ飬һвǰؼ仯һвۡ컨ĸǿ£ 
ŭȵãƼʩԽ֦ͣͷȣɨ̴ǡ 
级羪һвǱɲҪƸɽɷ磬ɲĽ 
㣬׿һԱ߿ʮżУл˵ǰȷǲ 
ңǿ֣˵Ը⣬˫ԹԹʱٶˣ 
ⷬսǰħ֮սֲͬϴаʯȵ󣬺˺ 
ĸ׻ţɲ˱ˣȴ˫ñգ 
ɲݣṦڼԷһãѾ٣·硣 
׿һ޼ƣҪҲ岻ȥú컨ĸȵţͷһ 
飬˳Ʒչ磬ɲıѹ棬ƷһɨɲţŮ 
නкɲһЦãҲ֪ʹʲڼ䲻ݷ֮ 
ʣȻӺ컨ĸȵһָ컨ĸѡԭ 
ɲħһս֮ᣬѺ컨ĸΪƽУĻҪȷڼ 
Էˣȷ·Ѿ죬Σ֮ʣṦ׿ 
֮ʣȻӳ 
컨ĸΪһɲӱܣȻѣ˰֮ģ 
Ůᣬ㱾죬Ҳ治ףҪɱ 
һɲı˫һ컨ĸȵ 
ǻ˵˵ɲЦǻ֪컨ĸϳ壬 
᣿᲻֪ɲҰˣ 
Ҵ֮ʱȻǻţǻҾͲ֪ˣ 
컨ĸͷһۣΪɷǱɲˣؽɲ˵ 
ҵկȥδϿʩȣȻˣߣǿɵҪֳ 
ɲЦб¾Լȥὣأƴ׿һּе 
ǰȷǲ컨ĸĿȵ׿һһ 
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ѩ裬±㵽صУĽݳỹɲһ 
ͼԼʹ죬ˣĽݳɱɺñ׷ɺ 
ÿɲǶ֡ȻˣĽݳʣʡµö࣡ 
컨ĸЦȻĽѨҪйȥĽ 
壡ɲһЦ˭˵ҴѨҪˣĺ书Ҳƽӹ֮ 
ʵ˵ѨҪģõ죬ԼǸ˽ף㼱ʲ 
᣿컨ĸ㻰棿ȷǲ˺ߣɲɱƭ 
ʱΪʲ᲻֮£ɲЦС£Ҳֵ᣿㣬ʧ 
ж֮£Ը᣿컨ĸʲ᣿Ҽʱʧжϴħ 
֮᣿ǴǳսɲЦǴȷĺӣĿ 
ǰ书Զңһ̲ѨҪʧж᣿Ҷ˼ 
ĸֺֺЦĵߣȻԸһ˵ˡ 
ãȥ 
ɲȴ˵ɣ컨ĸԼ˵ҪĽݳʵ 
᣿ɲҵկţɵ֮£ҿ 
Ľݳ֮˵컨ĸϳ壬һ٣ɲϷ 
ꣿɲһկ֮ҵկţ͵Ʒʵ۵˺ھֵ 
죬㶮˸ϿǺȥˡ컨ĸһϵĹȷ 
ˡδɷڲկδ֪ӣͷʮ 
ҪС֦ȣҵĹȻͷҲͷ 
׿һ󼱣Ĺɲ֦ɲǿ֮ЦǾٶ 
Уһ㵽ǰɽȥɺǲǻˣ 
컨ĸŭһӣһСƽɳ㡱ɨȡɲеúã 
ػͷһӶɲգȴ˿һС 
ա»컨ĸһһཻɲӷ 
бӳ֮⡣ϸ壬ٲ˿գ 
ƴ⴫Ƽ£ɲɫٿ䣬컨ĸһմɲһ 
еã֮£ҲĽݳ֮˵컨ĸ 
Ϸˣ𣿡ٹԽ컨ĸҲˣQ;ƺްԹ 
Ʒǳߣ컨ĸͷһ𣬲ʵ˭ڴ˴ɲŮ 
ɺѩɽǱסˡ׿һǽǰ˲أҲ 
Ľݳͬѽã뵽ɺ类סѵĽݳǵħơ 
컨ĸͷһҲһѽãΪ 
ɲȫû뵽ĽݳͬȻˣ´ӵѩ֣֮ 
뵽ȻˣǲɲԷǼ٣һűָɻˣ 
ѽɲַɲ裿ߺߣУǼʮ 
ޣѽУҲУЦ 
컨ĸ˼ɲɺļ٣ѣӦ 
컨ĸνе㲻ȥҲȥˣкƤ۸ҵŮ 
ɣ컨ĸǵˮʯɵߣҲ㣡ȵأ 
𣬽ɲ档ֻ˸׿һȫ죬ʮ֮ң 
˵ӳᣬͷɽ֮УĸʱݣнŲ 
Ľݳһ˶ɽÿ˱һ˵ͬ顣ĵףʯ˾Ȼ 
Ľݳǳ䵱ɵĴˡ֪ɲѾȥˣɽķ 
ͬûп 
ձڼս֮ᣬ룬ĽݳԶ˿ĵ 
˯Ƭʱ֮ᣬȥʯ׿Ҳ֪˯˶ʱ 
򣬺ѣʯ֮䣬ʯ϶ֻһòŮ 
ˣ߲һ컨ݲɣеķȥ 
ȻһĪǴ˾Ǻ컨ĸṦԼ֮£ٿ۲ 
˳¹ڣɽȥߵ۵Ĵš 
ʯ˸ɲ컨ĸһ֣շǳϺ컨ĸߣ 
ʯһŭǰ֮񣬶԰ʯ˱ȭҾʵ׿ 
᣿ʯŭǲǺɲŮһ𣿡ʲ᣿ 
ʯ㻹ʲʣɲǵ°ȥ 
£ɲҲڹԪˣʯԽ棬С 
Ϊݺǵ䵱ټԻ㣬ֹɲϷǣ˱ 
һɵܴ԰ʯȻ춴ɫ湧֮£ 
Сֻɲ֮£ȴǰˣʯವһγ 
ȵƾ֮£óһ£ˣʯ˵ 
Ѹ֮˵֮䣬Уȵðνһһʯ 
ĳ𿪣ʯ˽еڵӻϣһţɶ 
ȥʯ׷֮Լ 
͢ᣬĻ䣬Ϊɮɽֻͷϻ 
һɺί¡Ǵɲ³ç飬ʲŮ 
ɺһ֮ᡣھ֮Ҫҵɺһ 
İҴңԸʵ֡ɲ֣ɲڴ˵أ 
֪ɺ䡣ҲͣҲҪȥɽ̽ʣɲ 
ϿԪľʮ֪ȥϿ·̶ʱ컨ĸҲ 
Ͽǰȥ棬컨ĸһһᣬ˶֪ 
潫ϿʱҲңȵ׷еʿɽӱܵŮනΪ 
棬һŮනѯʣŮනʿ˭կ 
ѡŮනʲżɽʱѸԳеĸ֣ϲȥ 
ǵկɣӥȮ׷Ǳɽڡ˭Ůන 
㲻ϵǵկӢ۵ŮСɺδ˵꣬ 
ɳȥһŰӰΣʯ֮䡣 
Ṧɲڲ֮䣬׷еʿõģɽһŶһӼ 
Ҳ֪ǹˣ˵ȥˡ 
汼˵һɽ֮ʱɺ̤ɽڣһδɲ 
ʱǴδ˼㱻ѩ裬ɲûɲǵڶ 
ȴˡ 
һпϲллأȻȻɽ 
޴Ӧ֪ѩɽߴԾȥ 
һѩֹ漱Ծͷңɽѱѩ⣬ټĿԶ 
ǰˣɺñȻǱˣȻѩ֮ǰҲдˣ 
ɲһʩչṦɽϻڴ˼ʣ컨ĸɽϣ 
֮ӹ÷ͷһƳ֪Ǻ컨ĸΪ֣ĵŵ 
ۣϿ֪ȴΪΣУҲȥ컨ĸ 
ʸ٣ŵΣңƬ֮䣬ɽĽݳȵ 
һȥֻĽݳһЦвЮŵ˼ĺɺ 
־ŭٿĳʣеˣĽݳɺӭһΣЦ 
ܺãаɣеһͬɥĹȣ 
Ȼȥ˵ԭ״ʹӦ˶г 
룬ǲѱѩŵɽھ·Ҫɽֻ±ȵ컹ѡ 
鼱ɺҪЮȥɲŮනһ· 
 
Ľݳ㣺κָҪ׷ˣɺҪ 
ɲҲҪö࣡书ǿԼ䲻սȴ⣬֮ 
ţҲһʱܽȿɲɱǿѲˡҲ 
ɺҪЮ档 
ϿȣĽݳЦ棬᣿ɺ 
ɫҰףͷɢң飬вɵһѹеŮʲӢ 
ۣˣĽݳЦߣ˵úףҪҰߣԹԵ 
һؾʥɺһۣȻ˵˾δɣҪ 
֪Σ 
Ľݳָһ⿪ɺѨɺе磬ҪĽݳ 
Ц㿴ǺúõģǹƽףҶϲŪɲзƭ뾩 
һתĵܾԵѽ׿һǱǣңһ뾩 
ˡֻɺò֪з㣬࣬䱣һʱʮ 
£ҲǵÿɣȻˣǾ͵øϿΡɺֽе 
磬Ҫĵһ߹ǷʹĽݳ 
дĽݳǰ㸾֮ˣɺһ˿ 
˵еʹĽݳɫһթɺҴ 
㴵ԣ֪ûˡ 
ĽݳãɣнɺһߣԽ 
㿴ҪŪһְͷùϣһֵģ 
ĶɰƥṦ۾쳣˫ưɺҪֻ֮ 
Ҫ춯һɺ书ٸʮҲҪѣ 
Ľݳſɺڽ֮䣬Ȼѣ˵ 
ʮܣ˵Ѿͷỹѽ 
ɺᣬյߣĴϸԽԽߣ 
һƬ֮ů֮գͰЯͬΣϸһ㡣治 
պͬУ龰һ䣬ů 
ʱյľҶҡ㰧У뵽ڽ¶ 
ھΡٱ䣬Խߣ࣬ҹϿԳ䣬 
з߼֮顣治þ£Ūġ䣬ϸ壬 
˿գ˻ߣ᳤Ĵʣִ࿴ 
ۣҭȥȥǧ̲ĺԹ˱룬ǿ 
ڣѺδ£˶ᣬĽݳʯ 
ĳ۽ҲʪˡһƬ࣬ᴵ֮ţĪ 
᲻ȥһ֪޺ֻ̻Ҫ¶ 
ЪĽݳеҪˣδ𣿡 
ɺĵһˣһͣĽݳȵ 
ˣаˡãˣȥĽݳȻЦ 
㻹һ¡ʲ£ɲ֦Ľݳǽ 
֦ҰԼֻն澪еʲ᣿Ľݳ˵ 
书ǿ㸿ΣѨԼֻ⣬ﳤУүǿɲͷ㣡㲻 
ңҲ㡣նҷġʹ𣿡 
ɺе磬ҪҪҲܶеɺ 
ãˡ㻹ᣬǧҪȥһҪҡĽ 
Ц࣬ǻжٻҪ˵еһԣ 
һޣڲɲӺĽݳ˭˷ڣЦ֣ 
ãִһ£ 
һҽУɭɭĽѴٿͣסֻɺ춼 
£ԭɺﱨõԭǻ֮ƣɲȣ֪Ľݳ 
ᶾİ취Ҫնɺĵ֪మ֮ 
δȻѣһײһ֦̼ 
Уɺ֮Ů书ϣȴɱ־Уһ£ײѣҪ 
ǽڹտոǿҲʹ۾ڣһ˶ˣ 
ϡɺڵϣе磬ҪȥΪұ 
 
һʹʹԾȻеڽգһ 
ɱȥĽݳһȭ˫ͨ죬転һȭգܣ 
潣ߣ쬣ոһùͷһţѽ 
߷Ľݳȣǲֻýҽһһͷ­ 
У 
Ľݳһ泤ɱȵҪһؾʥҪ㵽Ȫȥ 
緭ӿĽݳˣ֪֮£ 
Ҳˣ˫ȭһѪȾϿȶ 
˹ϤУ淢Ľݳȭ绢˶ʮУ 
һĽݳ岻ӡӦԱ߿ĿɿڴĽݳ 
ܶǽ֪ӦһԾѣĵ 
転գұǰҲδܹʤοҪɲɱʱ 
ߣʱֽŲãͱڣĽݳģԽԽͣĽݳ 
ҲѲ 
˵ɲͺ컨ĸһһᣬǰɽ壬ɲһɱ֮ 
ʩչṦڿԾҪͻʯ飬һ㣬ڿն 
䣬˼ԾѵɽӦոմϣɲЦǴڻɽ 
ӲˣӦĵ㺮һƣбɲ 
Ҫ֣һһƺ⣬糸ܵУصӦƽԶ 
ɲ֮УοȣΣңһţһɲĽδ 
壬ѹֱȥɲһЦԾ£һһ 
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̾㣬ˡҵҪҡ 
ɺȻ΢ˣȴŴ׸֮ĵδ 
ɺܹȥĽݳԾɽڣɽϺ컨һæһ 
ɽ 
Ůȥ׷Ľݳ壬ҿɺáɲȻһЦ 
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ɺƤеɺãſ۾ɺ 
΢Ц˵磬ҺܸˡҶԲס㣬ˣɺ 
û٣Ҫˡɺ࣬һ 
һ棬˵ѮᣬУֻ˯һ㣬ǳů 
㣬صʱ龰ױڳȪԡůƤأ 
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տնģʲᶼˣֻǸе䣬Ҳ͸ΧĿҲҪˡ 
˵컨ĸɽԶԶɲ׷Ľݳ壬˶ɽ壬һ 
еϴ󣬽ϴ󣡡汻컨ĸ̶Ľ𶯣ӶжȻת 
ɺڵϣ̧ͷŭĺĽϴ 
ĸһƣҲʲһͷֱ䵽ŸƣͷȻѪģȴ 
ȷǧѼʮϰ飡 
컨ĸΡΡľȣеɱˣĳ 
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⣬ҪɱܾԵɺõ˭컨ĸʱ 
꣬ɲĻȻһ䲻٣ӹȻΪŰȺˣԼ 
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컨ĸߺߣǽдˣɷǸ컨ĸһ̾ĵˣ 
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һͷײȥ컨ĸһۣ޷ˣ۵ͿأѪĹȣ 
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ɲڶԼ˵ 
ϣһָɺˣһŻʲ˼ɲд 
ʹǿüĶѹסʹЦºұȽ᣿ 
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ףȴ顣ҪǰȰοɽֱһˣԭ׿һ 
ѷֱڲ 
е׿ɺȥȰ׿һһǰȥɲ 
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ӵమҲĿˣɲɺҸ׿һһۣ 
Թޣ۹һƳ֮С 
׿һΪ۹壬ͷȥɲ˼ɰĲɺ 
ճմ룬ᡣãã̧ͷ˵ǾɽȽ 
ˡѩɽ֮ᣬٸĹ 
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綷һģ˿̣Ӱƣ󽫴ĺɲʣ 
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ȥŮ˻ϲˣǱһһҹƣ벻֮ᣬ 
ЪϢ 
ɲ׿һȴЪϢɽĬĬԣɫܣ˶ 
괥Ůһ㡣ɲ˵ 
ܾ׾űߣԸ㽫׼ȡأᡣɲܾ 
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ʵ֮ˣҲˡ׿һСܵþֻ½ȥţѵڽ 
߶ɲ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡׿һͷΧ 
׿ֻȥҲãʤʦš׿һһЦ 
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ɲף˵ʲ᣿Ϻ׿һ֪ƳԵ˵֮ 
ĵҲãһûأ 
ڶһ磬ȻǶУ׿һɲһţ˵ʦ 
ԼҪɽ̷꣬춽ơ׿һɲ֮У 
Ȼп 
գɲԶɺͺ컨ĸķĹãϻ׿һ 
֮ᣬЪһᣬӦʣɲһν 
ŮනҳһƬپɱɲپ˱죿 
ὣկţĽݳ켸ʮٱŻɲŭ 
ҵˡһӣනɲĴ󶨣ɲƣųԲ 
͹ٱսɲһǰĽݳɱս䣬ң¹ֻһȺ 
ʿִɽկ 
ԭĽݳ嵱֮ᣬʰ˱ɲ˵ʿ֮⣬мѩ 
֮ʣɽʯ£ۡʣܹսʿʮѵؾ 
֡ʱֵԪ֮ᣬʡйپžκڡ˷˾еļ 
ǻҲˡǻǰܽͷĽݳԭͬţŵĽݳڴˣ 
Ľݳ̾δܹ˴ۡǻϸɣĽݳһ 
һ˵ˡǻýûʲᣬŵӦܣȴɫ䡣ԭκ 
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ŮනûʲᣬϿգӹپܿȥѩɽ·ͨ 
ˡǻһ룬˵կŮҲ౻ѩ裬ܻ 
ɽɲǿͨɽǻȥɡھдԼʮṦ׵ģ 
ɽȥĽݳҡҡͷǲУеʿȻɽկֵ 
ɲѵصŮනʮӲơοɲĽȷǱѰ 
лǣ䵱ɵšǻ˵䵱ѡˣʲ 
׿һģ䵱ٸԣѵ׿һŮħͷһ𣿡Ľ 
ǣ׿һǵŮħΪܣһ棬׿һһ˵壬 
ֻ䵱ɵĵʿ书ǿڹԪеľмʮ֮࣬ҲУ 
͸ˡ 
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ӦһߣֻұмΪǻæʵʲߣĽ 
ݳ䵱ɻΪѣʯǺǺⷹɽǻЦ 
ðʯխŵӱ°ƾһͿ˵ö 
 
Ӧǻϵòʯ˵첻׿һѲ 
ɲĶֲ֣ҵϿҪˣĽݳǻ˵ʣͺƵ˿ã 
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ʯǣһɸģ档Ѱţٱ 
սɲ⣬ǲԸˣŮනԱҪپ 
ȥŮනסǽɽկһ߸ġǰԹҲһʹ 
ʿ䵱ɵ鷳ĽݳһһӦʹԼɽ 
˵ɲʯڳɽկȻŭȵʯˣҲΪ 
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裬կдҡ 
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ⷣҲҪɱ˷Ż߳һˢˢĽݳɱһߣΧ 
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ȵŮǵŵӽءҪȻӹɲŭ 
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˵׿һδޣʦͬɱˣŵôˡ۾֪ǶΣ 
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නǵеĽݳǵĽƴңǻڹ 
կկзɽկľéשʯݣһȼƼԭ 
̧ 
׿һŲҽУĿû⣬һԾ𣬳˳еʦ壬 
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ɲɱú۾׷ᣬ켲ȳ嵽׿һߣ׿һ 
ߣֵپҪ׸֮УҰɡԭʦ 
ˣⷬȥţҲرܣҪܾԹϵ˵飬ת 
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پĽݳػɲ飬ɲڹپдȥת˲֮䣬 
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أپΧܣȻҲ֣ȴԱźЦЦ 
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ڹپЦ֮ʣ˾װĴȵģǸҵǬŮ 
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УűʹỽѶ㿴 
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ɲһڷͷһĹǰԣѰסŮන 
կ߲ܸǻȥɡ 
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ؾӪһա޴ģֶ˵ 
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ʯɲȻеǿʯѴųɽ£æס֣ 
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ɲŮһѣʵǣǽϳΪӵŮӢ𣿡Ů 
ңСаʺ㡣ʱ߳ʮŮȺկɲ 
һԼĲ¡ӵƽͳسǣͼϣʡǿ 
ġ˷˾ȫˡǷС֮ɽһ죬ɽկ 
٣޷ȣ 
ɲɽկ٣ҵЩݣǸмЩ 
Ůනӳģȫڴ᣿Ůනһ¡ɲһ 
ʮڣһʣ¶ʮˣŮනĲʮ֮һЩ 
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ӵ㲻رˣ´ң޼ҿɹߺֹǧҪǸһ 
ۡʱһ֧ʦ練ơɲЦӵڳ 
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µġƽҲǰĺӡɲʧʧ˹ 
˴ĽǱ׵Ĺ 
᣿ӵǡɲ۾һ׿һӰӴԺͻȻӹٸ 
 
ԭ˺ϵŮ䲻ɲڽҲǺ 
صľӣĴ١ҵĳ׿һ֮ͬ 
Ҹ׵ĹȻ׿һ游һڼƷ׿ 
Һա 
Ҳ׿һһѧѧȫšһִֻģҿҵ 
Ϊͬ飬Զóļʯʳ񣬻һסȰ衱Ȱ 
Ҳóмǣٸ绢ծǲ 
дȹȪ񡣡 
ĸȰ⡱Ȼ֮ɣɿ 
췴һ¯ͳɸ֣Ӵس֮ᣬ 
Ҳ͸ˡ 
ɲҲҵ֣ûϵͺѳɷ򸾣ͶϵǴ 
µһԳ˵ҵʱ֪Ȱ 
衱ҡ 
ɲǼ䣬ɲͻȻ׿һ룺常˵׿һǹټӵܣҿ 
䡣ҺγҲǹټӵܣͺȴ˴Եⲻ֪׿һ 
Ȼͬĵ·ȴв죬̥ǣͷ׿һˡ 
ɲȴ벻ͨġ 
˵Ӻɲ֮ᣬͬسǡɲһ룬Ҳʡ 
ԪľǰѲͬұĶ飬Ȼ 
ûбҸΪ죬ľΪһٲһ֧ѵоʦ 
ɲľ󣬰̧̾ͷֵ֮ͨײ涷 
дţ˴ӭʱչüȡá 
⼸仰һζûУɲθڡ 
Ӫſӭ˳Ц㽫ͽˡһЦӭˣ 
ɲںܷ𣬴ȡأԥկ 
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Ҳ֪ɲ˼ɲȰ֮ᣬɺ֮ 
δھУҼ֮ᣬ׿һǾ͸ˡҪ֪ɲ 
׿һԹְո֮ʱȻҲҪ׿һԹȴ 
 
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Ҫ˯æʰ䣬ɲЪϢ 
ڶһӹȻһŮɲٵϿӼ¹죬 
ɡǰĶҵ֪Ҫʲᶫңʦڣ˽ 
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ӵղǻͷĿҪԼ𣿡ҵиҴ 
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ԼһɫʾҪ 
Ҳһ漴ЦҵĽȡɲЪ 
죬˶֣ҲˣüдңУҸ 
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УɲԽԽֻ˷Ӱӣӵˡ 
ŮħͷȻ鴫ɲһʣҵıתת 
ӵãݳģֻɲһЦٿֿ 
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ɲɫһˣˣЦʮ֮ڣܶ 
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ɲһľֵۣ˳ȥµľͷ 
 
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ڽɲɫһҲصˣ 
ɲྭӪɽկһӵĻģļ֮⡣ 
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ҫĿ񣬶СԭɲǿͷӵĹԼٸ 
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صŮŵôˣҲΪֻ΢΢Цƺһж֮ 
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ǲں˲ȴȤǰѹ֣ 
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ٳáҵֵܶлˡɲһ 
Ȼ˵ǰկطĶ͸ҵģˣ㽫 
ظĶϣɣҸĻ񡣡 
ӵԼѡһ𣿡ڵϵĹأܲܿ 
أȻͷˣʱǾȡһͭǮҲҪģͼ 
˼ɲֵۣǵﹰͷ˺ҲڵϵĹ 
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ɲһЦҴӴϴֲɣ˳֣ҪЩ֮ʲ᣿ 
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ҵˣһطסáҺϤζ͵ 
һţֵȾõѪûʲᶫֵˡ 
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ƮͷҲأȥˡǣ챦䶼Ҫ顣֪Σ뿴 
طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ڶʮء·˪ǹԩߡŮ  
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עĿȰɲװӣɲЦҪΪȹü 
ΪҪˣһЦաոǿˣʶɲģ 
ҲҶ֡ 
һǵأɶֻаˡɲտִ 
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𣿣ɲȻǺ׷ǿ㲻ϴֲ 
𣿹ٲ׷ǿǼѰ飬ࣿĪѰɱ 
𣿡ɲЦҪɱҲҸö֣Щϡŧ 
ĲͷɱҲû˼ʵɲҲû˼ҲͷɱֻŮ 
ᣬ˿һ·ϣЩ˵Цͳ 
ƻʱ֣Ͷޣ˿͵꣬ɲƼͷµİ 
šʲᰵţɲ׷ĺҪأ͵ 
ǽϻһֻǳɶı־öҩڣѪ 
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ִ󣬳Ͽȥˣɽկپ鹥ϮûдӦһֽ 
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ϵѣʱҲסϣկҲסϵ֡ 
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Գ챦⸽𣿡ƹĵǡ˵ӻһ 
 
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ҵ𣿡ƹǣһ˸ġկ 
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Žӹһֻ滭һֻ֣Ѫ죬֡ɲԭ 
ʲˣ˵ƹĵû˵СҲʡú 
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ŶԭˣֲһҲûдʵλٲǲǺ 
ƹĵǣ˼֪һλүһ𡣡ɲ 
Ŀ͵±־ƹһʲ᣿֪Сͺڵ 
𣿡ɲǣԼͬȥ׷λһʵ֪ 
ɺǶƹĵʮǵС·֮һɲ 
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СͦϲǲһھơƹļɲΪ 
ڿΪ졣ɲЦϵѶɲҲ 
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ƹĸ֮ᣬЦܴ˼ʮ꣬Ĵ 
͸˵ͷɲҲЦǳӢۣСһĻʶ 
ءǸŸʲˣɲۣǰڴ߾ 
ײɽҤկ챦ǶͬʱշġپٽϮ·կ 
ˣҲͲ֪ˡ벻ȴȻе书Ҳܲ 
ȴʲ˲Ĵ֪ΪʲɶӲҪ׷й 
֮飬Тٶ˵Ǯ֣ҵõТѸ 
ҲֲЦȥ档ȻľҲ㡣 
Һͬȥɡɲͷͷ㡣źȾƣҾͻ 
 
ɲ˿͵꣬ʩչṦʱ͵˷ɺ¡ɺֻһС 
Сɽڣɲߣһߵɱ֮ĵʱ 
Ȼҿ۵书Σ֮ҹ¹𨣬ɲɽ 
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ƹһЦһ죬С˹һŭֱȺɨ 
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۵ġ羮ѨһΪΪͻȻܣһоͿϸ 
̣֪һƻ£ţһƻǰ 
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⼸м𣬵˲Ϣ֮䣬ɲȻ嵽۽еȾǸ 
ӣʯ˺ӣӳʮ֮ɲߣأ 
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ӣ㿴Ұ˸׽ƣһҽУ 
ӵҪ壬ٴ򣬹ùãȥ塣 
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ɲȥҩ۵⵶ꡱ 
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ˡɲ㻹׹Ҳϴֲѡ 
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ӵǺŴҽʮպ꣬ҵİְֽ 
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۵֮ǰס㣬ǲɢ˲֮ᣬ˽ 
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ʹúֱΣһֹʹҩ裬ԺתɲʵҪ⺢Ӵ 
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ӣһҪλ档 
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ˣ߷ոմĹ߳Ľ 
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Ԫ϶һԪǱ쵱ĽɫƽϷˡǰطսδã 
ӭԳɵĲ߻֬ټʮ·죬ҲϸᡣܵĴ֮ᣬ 
ζͶһҷΪһֲ 
챦еĵλȶúԶ֪Ƕ־塣һԪŹ 
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һħ 
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Ƽ赵ġ޹Ѩ 
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ǰԪŭƥңһͷֱȥ 
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һַԪһɾ磬һ˫ 
ǿȵбײȥһԪһ˫ɣڻֳ 
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ȻԪˣͷҲʹĵֵܹȻ鴫 
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ֱߣֵܵͬʱƿԪͷƱΪɨ 
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˽ã˫һͣ׹Ҳ̨ףܹԬһƣЦ 
СӲֲǵĴ󺹿 
ԬȻһֺȵʲ󺹣Цʶǵ 
ȱҪ᣿ԬŬ᣿Ц 
ǡǵĴأڼӣ㲻Խ 
ԬȻŭ޹ȻҵУ㵱 
йˣƣ 
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Ǵ֮ģ¹򶼼˵ãŲչȭָ¾Ĺȴó 
ڳԽһЦԬ๫Ϳ˴ʦ۾һֻ 
һŮ񲽣Цӯӯ˳ݹˣ˲ӡ 
ɲЦ˵ΪʲҪԬ๫˵ұ 
ȥʦĻңȵ˼ȻɵŮ 
ӣβһ׽ȥ׸󺹣ɲЦӹԶнָ 
·Ǵͷˡ˵ǳ͢һλٵĿˣ 
Ԭ޼ϸα˵ɲЦȻƵ߲ 
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ɲɫһ䣬ٿЦ᣿㵽˵˵ʦЦӯӯ 
Ϊ⣬ƤЦɲɲһЦұԬ๫ 
ˣ㲻᣿ʦСӿ֮ãã 
ɲؽ¶Ǹľֵġɱ֣ʦһƷȻ 
ʱ߶ϣһ£ʹķΡʦвͼŬ 
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ɲһЦ̤йһֱʺ 
ˣɲһתڵ˹ؽҪ֮һ㣬ЦѣҼ 
ɱˣ 
ͼнأʹǣɲЦǾƲԳԷƣҪĻ 
ղŶˣ㻹ʵ˵᣿ͼҧʹ࣬տڲԣɲ 
ߣ㻹ðʲúʯҲɲֵ 
ʱѽ׹ʯƷ𣬰׹˲أ᷿ЪϢʯŤף 
ϣܶĿɲЦ 
ʯëȻֻɲЦʯƣҽ񷬱Ӧ 
㡣ϹԹҲһ棬ʯƲɲ 
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˵˵ŮӢݴͻ̡ɲһţвѨһʹᣬѪ 
һ󣬲ͼ˵ʹߣκ 
ɲ֮УȴԬ֮⣬ŭŲֻòͼ 
ʱ󺹶˵ᣬԭԬһ˲ţȻְλ΢һ 
˱ȨǵľСǵ˱֮ᣬ跨°ǲܣǾͽ 
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Ԭ๫ʵݵ飬̲˳Цκʶ˲ţһСС 
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գϲԼְλ΢Ϊκע⣬ҪȻִֻ죬 
ˡ 
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κǣ㲻᣿ͼΡһǳʵݴ󺹵żһԬ 
๫סַʵǰ컹ϣͼζϡ 
֮ʱý᣿ͼڿλòҲԶ 
ԼжԶͼڶףסмԼһɡ 
˵Ķʵ᣿ͼްԡɲЦ 
ã˵ʵҲȱˡͼлδ˵ڣɲһ 
ͼҲһɲЦҴ֮ˣʹ 
ģܹǼ˵ʵ治ȱʯľ 
ɫ 
ɲֵҲһ˰ɣԬ๫һƿҩ 
δϣƬ֮ᣬӴΪһ̯ŨѪɲԽѪˡʯ 
ֵˡҪʲҪʲᣬҵ֣ñ 
ң 
ʯƲ˵ƾŮԸɲ˵ 
ȥκ͡ʯһɲһۣʯæ 
Ԭ๫㲻סˣ㵽ݱһܰɡ׹Ʋأ 
ߡʯƣɲиǡ 
ԭԲòЩƣһͷðʹߣκ 
ʹɱҹɲڳھ̸ۣɲ뻢 
ѨɵûӣҲκͿƣֻҪϳδһƽɱ 
ˡɲǸ첻µزµŮħͷЦȻˣҲ빬ǡһ 
ˣһˡһ֣Ǳ̴ 
˵ʯɲв֮£ҲڶϣȻĽ 
 
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ߣڸҹ֮ʱĽݳҲ֪Ҫޣʯ 
߳ţңʯƺʹǰκһǰ 
ʹ˵Ԭʱ˵ŬԴΪأһʱ棬°Ԭᣬ 
һֻǶˣѵԬѾ߿Ϊܲ 
᣿ 
κɣСķԸ䣬߳ɣ㱳ǽڣ 
³³Ÿͼ³͸ؿͼͼκͼѧӦ곣õ 
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֮ʣһ㱼⣬߽׽ 
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ƻ׮ͷһͷǹʿֻʮصĴ 
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ӳڵʿһ֮ᣬǰս 
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ǰ 
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ɣ 
Ľݳһɣ˽е𣬻𣡡κͳһеȥ 
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ˣŵæеֳȥȷʥˣ 
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ĳޣͷ𣬴һеȥĽݳ϶Һαһ 
ɱ˳ǷծǮĽݳһ⼸ 
ȻκɱٺˡɺɲҶɱġֺȵ㻹 
ǰǿܣĽݳ岸˵ɱ˳ǷծǮ 
ѽͶְɣĽݳҲ֮ǾͱʤˣҰ 
㡣ȷĽݳıһһİҲһ 
Цߣ˭ͷıȣ塣Ҹ㣬Ǳ𣬲 
䡣Ǭȭͷϼ˫ۻţһȻչеɱ֣ 
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һȭ޵Уһ˫˰ʱǲʤɲڷ嶥 
ҲĿġǲɲģɲȴ͵͵ˡ 
ħҶĴʯ֮ᣬʯ϶ȥ 
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ȭҵ÷ǳ֮ãõǰذ빥ƣ㲻Ʒ 
˿𣿡 
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֮ɽЮз֮ЦҾϵһר 
ǿйƵķƷȴδùͼյüɲ쿴쿴 
ȭѵлˡ˵ۿֻ 
ֱ䣬һ˫ϣֵĽݳˡ 
ϲϵĽݳ书ߣǬ֡ɲҪ 
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ˣһǿ£̱Сʮ·ȭչ÷겻͸ƷȻ֮ 
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նһУǲʤĽݳһĽݳ塰 
һȭ粲һƣҲɨĽݳǣ˸ڹ 
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Ľݳе϶ңҲ㣬ⳡƽ˰ɡʲ 
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ģһİġˣǰԾһԣĽݳ 
ӵһޣ㻮ĵ죬αȷ 
ĽݳȡһʢƤҽڵϡȰǱ 
ѽĵҴðҪұȰҾǸĽݳ 
ǴСõģԸʲãЦ֪ͺ 
ˣĽݳ⼸仰ʮá 
ĽݳҶȭƳۣڹʤǾͱȱ 
ʮꡣ˭ãҷ㣬Ҷ 
ĽݳԾҪƤˡһ֦Ƥһ壬̴ 
һСףɽȥװˮˮƤһεεμĽݳ 
ʮᣬˮδ©ľʤˡҶδ©֮ǰͿƤ 
ʣˮĶѣԶǶǺˣ㻹ʲʣ 
ĴСҲвͬĽݳǸװˣȦʮ 
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һһ˼Ǻš 
ˣĽݳٵɽװˮֽСףϣ 
˭Ҳֽšһ䣬ҪַĽݳе 
ҳģӦ㿴һֽ֣Űγ˵ƤԱߣ 
һУֽ̱ţֻĽݳŴȭ˫ֺϱһ⣬ 
ȻӦ£ĵ𶯴Ȼ⵹ 
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񲻳ԿԸԳԵٿİοֽţȻȥѰ˼ǺŵĴ 
ԭĽݳڰֽʱŪĽݳ尵ЦϹɾҲҪ 
ҵĵҺαЩ£ڰֽʱŪ˲ѳԿ 
Ľݳ岻ֻͬһѣ˫ƺѸ֮Ȼһƣ 
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ͣһˡʮԾõʱҪĽ 
̣ϲĻƤȡ£еˮҲǸոյ꣬ãŵγһΣ 
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ֽţҲҵ۾ȴһʱ벻ƤҵСףˮѹ 
ȻȻ΢졣˭ȶ֣˭ռˡĽݳ 
աһȻ飬ЦΣһֳƽ 
ˡ 
ɲҶһжڣУߣĽݳòҪ 
ˣȴ˵ǳƽȥߵ㲻 
᣿ɲһֻסЦٿһʲỵ⡣ 
Ľݳ˵֮˫һعЦϷʮ 
ԣ۾ȻȡɣҲĽݳ֪ѿа 
һЦǰİıˣ᣿Ľݳ 
ѽһҵһֱȷ㿴ɲɣĽݳ˵ 
ҵıȷ˫Ǿȡɵˣ 
ĽݳɫΣ˵Ľݳһ׼ǡ 
һʯֽĽݳơĽݳ˫ƣԼ˫ 
֣˭ʯˡȻཻȴֲⲫǰİʽ 
ı᣿Ľݳ尵п࣬룺϶Ҹ߳һðɣҲ 
ˣϼ˶ȴòʡδľ 
ѷʱֻҪһģҪԷƷอĽݳֻҧʵأ˳ 
࿹ 
ʯϥཻĿӣʱ˶ 
ꡣıԣȵǹգҪհٱֻҪ˭һи׼ɡڹ 
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ħµҶڳԽ֮ʣҶкȻһЦǻżڶг 
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ԼԵ︮ĸŮ밲ǻĽݳ巿ȥĽݳѾڣ֮£ 
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ȥˡ˰ʱݣ︮˵ϢҲʧˡ 
ңģ˰˵ʤѰ 
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Сʵ۵Ļʦմˣһ絽ħҵҶǱ 
ǻЦ˵յýƣ֮ʱٳֲ 
Ǹ᣿ͷǡҲֵüˣǶڶоʱ 
ֱĽݳգҪܾ֮ʣǲų 
˵ڸˣλεıУԼŭȵĽ 
ӣϷ죬ҲҪȰˣ˫ƷͲɵĽݳһ 
˫ȻɿȫϣʯɲǣĽݳ巴 
һɨǻ˫ոմ·Ľݳһ˫ϰգѣ 
ʱԵĽݳһѪҲʯ̨ 
³⣬մʦں붼ȻҶһЦɲ 
ƮƮӰշһȱ㱼շʦͬʱ˺ 
ϵˣǿ׽ۣɽعӦԭɲԼѲڣ 
Խš 
չȻ̹ɲǻˣʣˣδ 
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ɲһֱǻæɽɲ׷ֻ 
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ɢһ½ǣ԰Ľݳ屳سھ֡ 
ĽݳأȻҩ裬һ·ǻԲѣǿѪɲ 
ܻˡΪѹ취Ȼ 
صξ֣ѻƻ裬ͷԳӣллأƽ 
ˡףϽҲܻñ죡ھһأ 
͵Ӧһһɫʵھʲѽ 
Ե᲻ãһɴĹھ֣˵һ 
ҪŮǲҪ򿪡˵ձڳһֻھֵԺһף 
ˡģһװƺˡҼæң⿪һ 
ȻˣԲѡ˱ǣƺǸҩŵģٿһ˵Ѩ 
Ҳ֪ʲݣԽ⿪һţдšɲС㡱 
ɲһЦһǿˡ֪ҵ֣Խɲ 
ʲĽݳ߽Ժɲһƣף 
Ӧ 
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ɲ㣺û㣬Ҳɱκ͡ϼӦһá 
ɲʲأܽӦܣҲ֡ĵκ 
к໤ǿɱӦףɱκѣԿĵλ 
лκ͵ԣǿɱκҪɱӦ׵öࡣȻðĴ 
գΪȴֲɱκͣд󲻽⡣ 
Ľݳʪϣ߹ȥӦѨ⿪Ӧ 
գУ˯һۿԼɲԱ 
Цŵûɢ˫ŷеףʲطֵȥ 
ˣϣһΡɲżһ㣬Ӧʱʹɱ 
УҪϱڹ½졣ɲЦ׷֮ 
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ȥʡ 
ԭӦ︮ĸŮʰһǻŭ޴һ 
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ҲװЦӭóӦܳεϼ޻Ҳϲ 
ûᰵǹġȻ󣬵 
ȴģʱûģְѨȻ 
ңļв㣬ߡɽýң顣ȻӦԤ 
У·һͶޡ 
¾׽⣬ÿʮʱֽѨص㡣Ӧһֱδ 
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֮˵ͳھֵͷйĽ飬룺 
ɲǷסڳھ֣Ӧ͵һܹյǱھֵĵַ 
ɴװӦھ֡ 
˵ɲӦȹѨַеĶ̣Ӧ 
εȥ춰֪ͨĺ鶼ˡɲǵְ 
һһдֽϡ 
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ʮֳأ˵ 
ӦĽݳڵϣֳһЦӦ㿴ʲᡣĽݳ 
㡣ɲ˵˼ѮãȻȥޡ 
еŮѽĳ˶ɱˣĿˡһƣӦ飬 
ʱݺᡣɲæ˷ЪϢбߵѶѽĽݳ岻ǵ 
ˣҪСϡɲ֪ 
죬ĽݳȻϸϣǲתҪ֪ 
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Ҫ˯ɲЦĽݳоˡü˵ 
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ʲϵɲλһݺ˵ҸòҪʲ 
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ܴġڴǰ֪ɲľ˾⶷ҵǡ 
ǵáɲͬһͬڱ˾ҵǣ 
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˵ͬһġúܲңǸѹġɲȻ룺һ 
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ҵһûŮȰ棬ء·δã֪ 
˾˾˵ѶںǼ׺Ӳûԩ͵Ů뵱֮ʱ 
Ԫצץˣȫóҩ޿ɱֻ͸㡣 
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Ӧŷ⣬ϸдһţ˵ԭίɲ룺κƴ 
죬ͨƾʵҲ罻Ԭλ 
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ȵɲŽ˶ң˲Ϳͣȴ޴⣬ 
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أҵ᲻Ǳ׾űǰ׼ؾǣʵͻȻ 
˵ǰйң׼͡ļˣ׼˺ᣬĵ 
Ҳ׼ҾԹΡɲ֪Сʵۼļ֮ЧЦһЦԭ 
ˡֵԬձصãǽִɸ걣߽ 
Ըˣֻ¼鳼Ԭ˾ԣҲδܾܡԬ 
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ʮҲ͢һпܴͬݺʶĳʵ 
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ϲҩȷ˲ãɫҲתˡ 
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ҵҲʲᣡպתЪЪɡ 
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㲻ھ㣬ԵУѺǺ죬Ը㵣ĽݳĬȻ 
֪вԸκΪУҲǿһգɲлھ 
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ɲһæϳȥǶؤͻȻ˸ŵˣҲ 
˼ҳɲһԭۣЦαˣ˵ 
ھֵ˼ʶ֪лǷ糾ˣװؤɲġ 
ɲ۴Ժ۵ҵǼˣ̽˵ģ˭ 
֪Ѿˡ˼ҿסھ֣ðáɲ㽫 
Ķӱɽ𣿿ɼ᣿۵ʦ춼ʿѾ 
ˣΪɮʦˡϲ˵ʮ֮ 
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ᣬҲһŮͽȥշ棬꣬ɲ 
˵Ц˺У㻹Ҫ 
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۵׿һŵӣţҲɲȦһ죬 
ۼ˵ţҲѽǲ˵⣬ȿš 
ɲ䲻ᣬȴǿ֪׿һæչֻдС 
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ݺһ꣬ÿȻ 
縶ˮȴǰ 
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Ӯ°ݣȹߡ 
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ˡ 
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ȻȥǶ۵ǵԭҲҪѧ 
ʦɽȥˡͳ⣬һɲȻʯ 
˸У⺢Ҳǰɲ粲Ȼȥ 
ɣ 
ɲи׿һηӣͻȻŭ˭ȥҲŲȥ 
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ʾӡɲ;̽ɲ֪Ȼһ·˵ЦʵԼҲ 
ơԴɺ˳ᣬӻƸԵÿ顣ɲͻ 
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ŭɳңһӰѵ϶񷿡ĸߴ󣬺ҹп 
æɲķɲѾһĵʲ 
֣컨ĸҲû˸ǿʩչṦ׷ǺӰǺӰ 
ʱ죬ʱ׷ϡǣǿиǿ֣һɽ 
һɽߡ֪Ӱ˭뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ڶʮءࡡ븸ĸһ  
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ĸߴǶԵúܲȥ벻Ǻˣֲ 
𣬺ǴҪʲط 
׷һֻǰֳһƧĴׯԼԼм䷿ݡһ 
е㿪ʲЦǰЦѶ£Ц컨ĸ 
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Ը¾ͬȥɲƤ𣬱ǬһЦڿԢ 
һӵĶ񣬸ǹͷ棬װ˴ˣ˳ 
ɫһɲ컨ĸҲѣǼ 
˵ĶҲûʲϵĬȻ׽˺ͬһ޼ 
ͬסʮ꣬˻ϲɣҲ֪¾뻹ǲ 
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лءڳҹк֮ƺб֮ 
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ͷɲһЦеӣ㲻Ҫţˣ˵һ 
쬣ǴֺӺɭɭ棬δл棬ؽ֮ 
һ̹ؿţ 
ɲ֮죬޷ݣԹʱſǸŮǺһ 
ֻ 
ȣͷ£ɲһǺβһһСٻ족 
죬ڶݣɲУһطȦֱȡ 
米Ǻϲɲ˹棡һڣûеţæأ 
ֻ͵һѱɲƷž̤һͦٴ̣ǵʿҲ 
Ȼ֣һѹɲıɲͻȻɾһ飬ǵʿһģ 
ɲתһǵʿҲ˵ãб죬ȻɲĽţɲĵ 
ףţӺͺ¿Ȼɢ֣һ̽˵ھ 
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ֻһƾͰ᷿Ĵ֦ϣȥԹ۵ͷе 
𣿡һɣδ赲ڣһ˳ӤĿ 
¾ﾪϲĽӳһƬɲеʰҪȻҾ 
һ˶̣ûķˣ 
еѶ֣ͣɲȻսǺСʿᣬ 
Թ۵ͷվͥԺеĻ棬ɲע⵽Ǳߣһˣ 
ҡҡλΣǺ컨ĸĶӹס 
ŭ϶׾ˡˣ˶еǰˣΪδ 
ͽܣ긾棿ͷ컨ĸҲΪе𣿼ǵõ 
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̧죬˵һٳǻŵ֮𣿶Һ컨ĸ֮ 
£Ķϱͽܺθɣ 
׾Ⱦʵ컨ĸ𣿡˰ 
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ֲߵġҶҪҲδɣȰѽɲƳ׿һ 
һۣ׿һΪʦҪɲ֮ᣬͿͬߡ˵ɽϵĹ 
ءɲһЦʯ̨ҾǵĳأڿҺͬ 
˰ɣ 
³Ņ̀𱦽ƽͷϣ˵аѷ⽣볤Ϸ 
䣡³ڵڶбߣλӣ䵱ɵĴͳһάȻ 
ɲɱܵĵˣҪ׽ʽ 
ɲըķΣֻûҶ˴˵׽̣ɽ 
ȥ׿һţŮƥ䣬İɣɲ˫һ 
Цƫߣʯƶ˶ɲ裬˫˫Ծȵ߲ 
ߣδ¼ŮˣȻܵ䵱ɽҪɷ򡣡ɲһ 
ЦһΣĵһ£ʯһǶ⡣æְνֻ³Ǵһ 
ԭ̤ĿбӣҪ׸Ҷ֮ʣȻɲȥ 
˳ҲһǶ⡣ 
ʯŭеˣˣ˫ɲҪѨɲһС 
ǺӡЮ磬һͷӹûҶ˽еǿס 
ʦ֣вǲ壬аħ󣬲ߡ׿һڻ֮£ 
Ƿߺأȴҷ 
ɲǹ׿һ͵һƳɫ࣬ʯϲʯ˫ 
չָҪɲΪʧ룺һѽȻ˵˼Ϊδ˼ȴ 
һԣֱȽݷģʯһϥֲˢһָһ 
⣬㵽ʺɲндŭһѸ糸һ 
ʯ󣬺Ƶһʯ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ɲ˲Ϣ֮ 
䣬Уǰʯ˫Ҳȵæңɲһһ 
Ʈʯֵɭɭҫۣ 
ɲɱ𣬸ʯپ̤ϿɽկҶٽ 
Ǵ֪ұ㣬ȴҪǿղǺţҲΪ 
ɲˣһ䣬ʱ壬ϵɿգŽк 
Ҷ˴ĿģŮħͷ˵õõĪĽ 
ʯʦˣǰɲÿǰԼҪ֣Ը 
һ˵ӣ䵱ĴȫȥΧһŮˡ 
˽һ죬б߼ϣЦѽһ䵱 
ˣΪµһĽԭԶΪʤ𣿡ʯ඼ 
̼ӦɲΧںģȥɲȻݣ 
ҪеĹˣг 
ʯѹһɣ䵱ĽΣߣߣ˵ң 
˵㣬ˢˢֱ̡ɲһЦ 
֮ܣ֪֮󣬽ǿ۽磡ֱ䣬һϷˮɺ̿գ 
ָָϴ򱱣μתѵ⣬ʱ˷ɲӰӡ 
ԭɲ컨ĸս֮ᣬ˽ѵ֪һ 
ݲܣҲȡʤ룺֮Լһ컨ĸ൱ҵṦҲ 
Զ֮ϣö컨ĸķɱǡ˱ʵ飬ž 
УȥһֱУۻң˶ҪӦ͵Ϯ 
ϣȻʵȴǸս 
ֶʮУ˽ҡ׿һеԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬֲʲ 
ԩ𣬰ս˰ɡһ䵱Ϻɲ⡣룺׿һȻ 
˵첲䣡ɲ룺ռϷʱŽսҪƽ衣 
ڴ˽Ҫͷ㲻ʹгԣļȴȰܡ߶ŭøҡҶ 
ߵ׿һǰ˵֮£ϵ䵱衣ˣȻ˽飬 
˵ǾͲǱͽҲΪݣֲͨˣӦ֪ 
ŵӣΪս˵ְݷǣҲǣ֪𣿡׿ 
һ͸ģ޳һµŮӣսʤɣʦ壬㲻ҪҺ 
ԣҶɫﷺ࣬˫ͫ𣬳һᣬǶ֮ˣ 
ҲԸΪͽ˫Բɨ׿һһۣעӶֻ 
ɲ쳣ѰɱβܼˣѿɲߴЦȫ 
ɷڣ 
Ҷ˷Ȼ˵úݵŮħͷ㽻ĺѣȻҪ䵱ɼڽŵף 
ŲǣҲڴ˳סİγ볡ģ׿ 
һʹʧΧߵʦֵһȰ 
ҶΪ֮ǱѰֻչз֮һ 
һѹɲĽƶȻ裬ʯ˿ּɲЦ 
䵱ȫˣҽվ䵱֣Ǻ֮Ҷ 
ŭȵŮݵò񣬿һС׽ֱѹ 
ȥ 
ɲһֻһǱֱȹɲο켫Ž磬ֱ 
Ʈȥ𴦣һСͼϮʯˣ;ֱΪչ㡱 
̺ƽŸƳ½أɲһǱȻһָȴֱΪһ 
̵вġѨ֮䣬ɲѱϮ֣Ҷ˴ 
Ծѽչʦܣһ־ɲ⡰ 
ڼҹѵ¯֮硣ȭνѴˡ 
족Ӧ桱𤲻 
մ𤾢Ĺ򡣻Ҷó޵ľɲȻƮ磬治ᣬ 
չҰʯҲǵ֣ɲʱȵô·磡 
ֶһУɲͷ̣ɱȥһᣬ֮⣬ 
չǿרʯƵ֣һֱ׼˲еĽ 
Ҷ󾪣мο˵ΪʦܣܲƽܡҶ 
ĽƣǼɲתʯ˽磬ݺݹ̡ 
棬һƬɲͭǽʯ˵ 
βΣϾɻɲֻóӦս۹棬˷žṦŲ 
չƬ֮䣬ֶʮУ 
һս亱䵱ɵĵӿۻңһ˺Ŀע 
׿һҲᣬеľ綷ˡʱ䵱ռϷ磬 
ڵӿݺᣬâҫۣ䣬ҹǣǧ㣬շ 
Ӱݺᴩ壬治׿һľǣ֪˳սˣ 
ݡì֮Ҳ֪Ըһʤ 
³Ǻλʦ壬ǿУʧұӺε 
ʦ֣㿴죿׿һţش³Цʦڳ 
ǵԹۣҶƣʯͽųƵڶеĴ 
ӡ³ǻҶͽΪĴ֮ףк˵һͬȥλ 
ʦ岼䵱زŮӡ˵֮ᣬ׿һһҾ 
ʦ֣ˡǲԸȳȥˣڳ׿һΪѹֻñ˺ٺ 
Цͷһȴͬŵʦֵܹϡֻ¶Ф֮ݣ׿һ۹һ 
ҲѸ۹ƿ 
ɲָ֮裬ɲ֮ǡֻ֪µ΢䵱Ĵ 
ӿɱȣԲҳȥȴ⣬׿һö֡ 
׿һʦֱͬűӣ粻ʵӶܷϮ 
ʹѣ̻࣬ǽԺ 
˵ɲ䵱ϣѸгǳĴһ֧Ȼ 
ϵͣӹ֡ǣ˼֮ᣬ˸λվˣ 
ܵĽͭǽӬҲɲȥɲٸߣṦҲѵ 
ʱз裬ɲںģһҶۣڷȻ 
УƮҡƽûվ 
ɲԳ磬նֹǧУ䵱˴ֵΧȵڻɽġ 
󡱻ҪɲѲǰ顣䵱˸ּ֣Χ 
Խ糱ˮٿٿˣ˿λεɲǰң洩壬 
ӷǰɲгɰ˿飬ϸݡ׿һĿٿƿϹ 
Ц׿һı۲ʦ֣㿴㿴ѽҶʦһüˣʯʦ 
һҲѽϧϧʦһѴ̵ʺָܿ 
ˡ³ʦҲᣬһϥǡúãˣˣ׿ 
һɲһҽУһۿֻɲҡҡ׹Ųң 
һͷ転ͻ岻ȥӳ֮Уһźɫζڰװ 
ѩȾ֬ɲˣѪ͸ˣ׿һһ˹ 
ȥ 
ɲ˻Ҷһָʯˣҡҡŵ׿һ 
ҽ֮ᣬĵԭڹҵġȻ侫һҲ 
һ죬裬˴һ׹⣬ֱҶ˳ 
ȥҶá־죬һʩڼƻ 
Σ֪ɲ̫Ҷ˵δ͸⣬ѱһϣҶ 
һƣɲƷ絯Ƹͣ׹һƣֻһϽ֮ 
Ƶ˵ĽҲϣɲһЦˢˢʯ˷۴Ǻᶷ 
תһУոʹɲһֱָʺ 
ʯĵ㺮мչšŵأҽŵſգ䣬 
棬ɲһӹ˷һԾһӲһС 
ڴ˼ʣɲǲҽһ۷ףͻŪĪֻ 
ɲе׿һ㣬Ҳ𣿡 
ԭɲϻҶƵĽɱ˰ʯ֮ʱ׿һߴȵ 
ʦ֣㻹ʦ壿ðѽ죬죡ѵ׿һУ׿һ 
״̬ݵ˴ݲУһȣܴߣͿͿ𵯹 
Ľ÷飬Ȼ򲻵ɲϣȴ 
ɲģ 
ʯ˷ѣɱһԾ𣬽һ缱̣Ҳһ 
ֱţбвڴ˼ʣʯ̨Ǳִ׿һ֮ɲϡ 
еʲᣬʲѽǹһƺǵϡ 
ʯ˫뵽ɲأƺ˳У˴ϲѨ 
ܣȻͬŹ䣬˱ͬһ˼ѨƵԻ˫̵ 
մ֮ʣɲٿѽһӣ伲磬һУʱߣ 
ɲⷽͻ鲨Χڰʯⷽǿ֮δⷴ 
ΪԷ衣һһӣأʯĽϰաҶ˽еã 
һţƼҶѿ죬ɲ죬ֻðʯͬʱҽУ˲Ϣ֮ 
䣬ֱ۹ؽڣɲˡҶһ˿գɲӽЦֱ 
ȥ 
䵱ĸϣ˵ĽϣˣڶĴӣǸأ 
ɲָ߱סѸΧʯ̨䵱ɵ˵Ȼ٣ 
ɱ壬׷ܣҶȻ̾Ŀɲڴ䵱ɽ֮ᣬ 
Цȥ 
ʯ˱ɲĶŴѨ֮˹ؽѨҶҲ޷ɽ⣬ֻ 
Ѫʹ࣬Ĵӽ̧ƷǾҪʮʱѨ 
Խ⡣ 
Ҷ˷Ըѱϣ˫ۺɨֻµӣͷɥһ̾ 
ȱ˷еĳɽȡ߽׿һߣ׿һڵϣԽ 
Ҷڽͷ㷢ս䵱ӡѨһģ 
߶Ѫͨ׿һȻһҷ⣬ 
еѽѽ˭䵱ɽߣ˭ߣ򣡶ߣ򣡹 
㵨죬ҵʦүˣ򣡡Ҷȵ𣿡׿һĿ 
Ծд£Ҷһƣϣ׿һһ׿һͻȻ 
һƣĵһڹϣһƾ󣬹ϴһſһ 
ѪֻҶæָһ㣬ѣѨϣʦַˡ 
ûиˣź׵棬ãˡҶ̧ 
ȥ淿úÿء˰죬ɫѽƻ裬˵Ҳ 
һ֣ûˡ 
˵ɲɽȣģŭ޽֯нȣڼһѪ 
Ⱦ¡ɲ޺˵ϢһЩţϵһܡ 
Ҫץʣ㵽ԸԸߣ˵ϣУѵǼٵģ 
㻹õңңһûߺ֮תһ룺 
һкҲûٴȥһѽҪأ 
ʲ㵱˻ǵǳУ֮֮֮Ҳǰ֮ɲ 
һƬңŲ鸡ս˰죬ƣ۲ããĽһɽȣ 
ɽȪϴ˿ڣ˽ʥҩϲûҪֹѪᣬһǬƤһ 
أҲƣϮȻԡ˫ɽ֮УҲ֪ 
У׿һЦɲָͷĶһ׿һ 
ҪѽȵģɲǴ˻СԼû𣿡 
׿һһֻ򡣡ɲãҾˣҪƤ޴ 
㣡ͻȻ䣬ϺȻһƤޣɲӭӶˢˢȻǰ׿һ 
ˣɲһֻ죬¶ĵĿ⡣ɲһ޴ 
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צֻһ˾Ͱɲ˷ϣſڣݣҧʺɲн 
֮ܣʱ֪ģȫʧϻ׵ĺɲһ 
ϻ׿һȫˣ 
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ɲ־һԭɽˮǣߵľ˯ת֮䣬 
һʯʺҲʯͷ˱ϻĻ 
ɲʪܵͷɢͷˮӰֻɽֳһ 
İİ׷Ůˣɲһ⾰ϻҪ֣ 
ɲѵһδѣָ˿УһҧƤѪ۵ 
جˡɲæ£Уϸһǻаںڵ˿ 
ȫ߰ˣ 
ɲⲻңⲻңˮӰҡΣˮٷƺ 
Ӱ˵Ҿ㣬Ҿ㣡 
Ҫ֪ɲ;գԼòΪϧ֪һҹ֮䣬Ů˰ 
ӯͷݿµϸһܣֱ޿ݡɲȻڵϣӿտն 
ʲҲ롣¸Ʈͷ͸ƺϼԣҫ 
ߢҰ㣬ɷХɽɲѽӲˡ 
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㣬Ӧ񿪲ܵĻ䡣˵Σ֮£ഺפ֮ 
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鵤ҩָഺɲ׿һϿ¶֮ʱĶԻȴ 
Ϸ֮£񳯶ǰӰã׿һֲˡɲЦ 
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䣬ͻ仯ʱ˼ʣɲѹ֮׿һ߽ǰҲҪܿ 
ˡ 
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һӭ˵ԴҲûɲˣҪҸȥĵطͷҲ 
أɽܡ 
˵һս䵱˲أʯ˹ʮʱѨ⣬ؽڽ 
ϣʹҪ֦ӹܸ֮ԭҶ˼ɲ 
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Ľݳֵе̩ɽĽݳ岻ɵˡ 
ĽݳĳֹأӢţȻ 
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ݳЦһԻͷȭͷҶ˸ˣٻһ˫ 
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۶Ѫ棬嵽ǰȻƥϲм֦ 
͵أ˻һ㼲ߣý˷һŨü۵꣬ʵ 
ׯ𣿡õѽ˭һȡ 
ǣĴͣƽ֪Σ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ڶʮ߻ءӻźޡӿѰ  
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ˣ֮Ȼ 
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Ҫʲ᣿Ҳڼ֣֮ĵֱʿ 
ϲ裬ǻˡȻ˵ãҾ㣡ø 
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ˣһָׯķƥ˺üˣ;ѪǼ 
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ˡ 
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ҰղأСҪ𣿡õʲǿҲ֪˴ 
һǰҪ׽áһ˵Σʲˣ˵ 
ŮˣûŮͽܣǵŲֱͣץ 
ûһ˽еţÿ죬ÿȻǻأ 
һ֣ȫݣ֪ʲͨũҹˡ 
Ϳöֵ书ǲʹǱƣֽ𴦣ȫ硣 
ǿõõǺ컨ĸ洫컨ĸһ˫ƣݺὭ书ͬСɣ 
Ტãڲأ֮ȻδƷʹػ 
ӦΪѡ 
սһ͵С椶׼ǵɣϰͶܶ 
µʿ׷Ǹġʿвͬԭ 
ĵףаȥġǶ׮ͷܶУЭ˵ġ 
Ϳöֵˣаĵ֮һͬаͬ״ѣ 
˱˫˫Ծ׮ͷһȴ˴˶ӣв֮ݡ 
öսʿȴҲ壬˫ƽָָϴ򱱣֮мܣ 
֮ӵѨʿΧֶʮУδʤ 
ǿþǳĳս£֧ƷתңΧһ 
һ˫ƣϺӦŽȡú͸ѣϵۣҲˮˡ 
пһ䲻˵ıڼͷɨһ£ʹáࡡһ 
ԭǶֵ˹ЦŮ˻˳йýе 
۸Ůѽʿһȵʲ 
ˣõҵĵ˹Ц㻹ɻǣ 
ŻǣЦΧ 
ݶȻϤϤ죬˵˳е£ 
ǽҴȥſ 
һ⣬ʿһ˿ãǰ׽㡱 
ôһ˽е㲻ǹι϶֣λ 
Ƿʥ˵ǧ𣡡 
׮ͷ֮ǰִۣͥʱڹְ֮λ 
΢ûʸ׽ȻˣҲΡʲų֮ʱϲ 
ñŮˮ˿ϵۣǲϵóæС 
 
һͿöԵе˳Ծ٣˱ŵôˡ˵Ҳ 
Ϊ棬һȻеʲᣬǿϵŮ㣬ΪʲңҲ 
飬ǰȥ 
ʹʣԭϵĺúҵĸס׮ͷ 
ʩһ񣬹˵Ǻͳ͢ԵͽκҪ׽ķˣ 
ǴأóˣҪˣκ 
Ҫ 
ǰͿöԵе˾ԶԼͬˣǿϵıŮ 
αˣعһ˵ģ罫ɱڡƤ 
ɨ˿õʿ˫һȻȵ˵ʲṬ¾òͬ 
֮ˣȻǹԶĴĵһ׮ͷҲ 
̻⣬ɲ֪ͬɱڵĺãǾȻáѷһ 
ֻӵձޣǰ˹ 
СӰһɱüŭȵ˭۸ҵŮ 
˵Ʊף级磬˸ֵҿ˫һ㼲ߣ˫ 
һţȫ򵹡׮ͷеӢۣǵ£ 
ʵûж𣿡õûСǰɣȵ 
ŮҪҹȥңٸײ̴ǵĹȣ 
֪׷ˣΪҿġ 
׮ͷͷܣӡ΢΢Цǲġ 
׷λġſָƳһۣһΪǱ 
˵ءף˭㲻ǰϣһɵС𣿡˵ 
ǲ岻˿ڣһʣɵЦѽ˼Һüԣǰ 
ҵʦıׯסǲ֣ѿڽɵСӡЦ 
ϣЦˣԲˣ֡ι˵ģ˵ 
 
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Ȼͷ𣡡רΪ˼ҲŽģҪ˳ 
ãȣ˵˵Σϲõ㿴 
˳ؼУúЪ֮˵ɡЦϺ 
ͿˣͨöࡣȻȴҪܵǼ˵ˣ 
һЩƤͷҰ֮ڣκá 
׳ׯձ߶óУӴĶαС 
ˣᣬܻϲʵԸ񣬺̸аЦ 
˽ԵĹȻỶϲɵСӡ 
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ɽµ⼸ҲзչԳɼƻػ 
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ϣа°֮ᣬ˳Űݺϰڸ 
Ϣµʿע⣬һ·׷٣δţˡ 
ֵϣ׼ڻǰոϵڴ˵ר 
˼ҳɽءЦˣˣŮһ 
֮ǿϵŮ𣿡ȴʿõ볯͢ 
ԣκƲԸ𣿡õҪ˵ܰ֮ᣬ 
㵱۾ԿõĹ۸ȫˡ 
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ȥɣȫ𣿣ȫˡһǳ̣ͬ 
ɽȥ 
˸ɽʱɽߣһУ˱ӳ䵱ɽ 
׿һ 
Ը𣿡ϴһᣬǼ 
ɲܽ⿪ɲԸԸܺģǧɽˮҲһҪѰ 
 
ȥѰأ׿һ룺ɲŮ 
Ӧ֪ϢҲɲļС 
һӭ磬̤£Ͽ֮գӺĴĴ 
ִɽµọ́ʱѾľҶҡ쵽ѩĺˡ 
ɽߣסŲˣɫĺɫĺϣѩ 
ԽԽ׿һٹҲܼˣȻ˷̹ǣּͷȴ 
ǻȣΪ˸·ͷ֪֮䣬ȫˡ 
ɽ·Уҹѩ׿һĹ˲ãź磬΢ѩģ 
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ɽиҰɽ轵ɽ򺮶£˽㣬֮Ұ 
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һ 
׿һҰһˮǬҿᣣĵطȽǬ 
Ե˯ȴ̫ƣ룬һȥ˯ˡ 
Ҳ֪˯˶ʱɲһХȻѡЦڶ 
ȻˣأĶǡ׿һѵĲΣ 
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Ѫɫ߷ļһЦ˶һͷҷָݣ 
һģһ 
׿һ˶һ˵϶һƤ 
ȡԲĶ׿һȥȻ׼ 
˵˰׼ϣ׿һˣòʯ֮ñ̴ 
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һ⴫˻֮˻Ȼվ𣬹ֽеˣȻ 
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˴ϴ϶ú硣ǻԼ˭أ˵ֻ 
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׿һƽõѣһ棬һϣˡϣȻ 
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ϴ϶ӴĪ˱±ԪһԪ书죬 
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˴ңСԳɣҼǰʮӪʮ˹ 
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ԺתĴʱԳ봨˽ΪֵܡĴ 
ϴԳ˺ЭĴøأԼɽ׷ 
ʷԨԴҵĵ̣ҵĴ㣬룺޳Ī 
츮֮αػҪƶɽڿͷϴӦԳɣԳɽչ 
Գϣɽʡ 
ֵܲǵ֪ҺԳɵЭȥңԲýɽ 
ĵ̷ұ˵ֲ˼Լȥֵ֪ 
ϣԼɽ·죬ɽۻᡣǱڻڵǰ죬Լϣ 
̸Уϣɽ֮£Ҳ̸Ӧˡ 
ĺܴɱˣ 
׼ϣ 
ϣǿŭ̸ۣԽ̸ԽϣӦͬĺͼ 
£˭죬һȻԼñ˴˷ͷ£㲻öȨɱ 
ϣˣֻӢ۹ˡԪһЦ㻹 
𣿡 
ϣŭԪС㸸ʱҲָǣ 
ȸǺҹèӣһˣֵö徻ϣȵ 
ңԪЦȵΪʲ᲻ңһԾǰֱһӣֱ̽ȡ 
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㻹ʲͣһʩչ˰ɣ͵ֱھᲦѣе 
ƣһűײϥǣϻСǡҰȭһʽľ 
Ԫ룺ط书ԼҲǲ֮䣬Ķӻжͣһ 
ˡ 
֪ϣʤֻҽһ䣬ƣһֱ°ͬ 
ʱУһһأۣǡǡԪľƽˣ 
Ԫ΢һУȰĴһָꪣһת 
ͻѨϣһؽУΪڻβ 
ɨ̣Ԫãӷ糵һתȭƣѨжϣ 
Ƶ͸ 
һսֻŵ𾪷ɣ֨֨ҽУĴֵ 
ĹģԵҲңĿġ 
׿һһᣬֻϣض๥١Ԫƹ죬 
򲻵ǸλȴٿȻʵʵ׽׿һҲе 
 
ִһᣬԪԽԽϣСȦӣһȦ磬 
һԪе粻Ҫˣ˰ɣԪãַ 
ġֵ书·ͬƽʱǿУһԵСҹϣС 
Գһˣ˭֪һ֮ȻռϷ磬ȴǾս¡ 
һԪһϣϣʱܵУϣ֧ţǰᵲ· 
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⣬ͻȻԪ⧲һֻЦɽˣ 
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̸ֱͦȡһԪϣҲٶԪɱѷѽ⡣ 
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һɨϥǣ׿һŸһһԪѸףȻУһݣ˵ 
ʱ٣ʱ죬׿һһ죬⼲һСƷֻáˢ 
һ죬һԪѱȥһء죬ҪȻһǶ󴩸֮ 
֡ 
һԪŭֱһӣǽڸ죬ֱ۾Ȼ磬Ϊָ׿һ 
вѨֵܵĶ书ǷֶԵУһ׿һ 
ӱܣҿʲԹ֮ʱֵ֪д˹书з֮ʱ 
׷һԪһзһߣһƽơ 
һ׿һ书ʮ䵱ʹǰƣ 
⣬ˮƣ趯һԪ书죬Ҳȵô·硣 
ǱᣬԪϣҲɱѷѽ⡣ԪߣҲϣ֮ϣ 
ղŽױ׿һˣŲչ֮ʣԶǰܺϣƽ֣ 
Ҳѽȴ·硣 
˰ʮУֵ֪ѵóѣһкߡϣ 
ΪƻƣϷţǰţƸԪԿԾ 
㣬ȥֻúĺݶһԪƸӣ׿һĽʹ 
ƣӰɣһԪڵУã 
ֵڳԽȻȺ˻ӣһȺɽ 
¡ԪŭϣСΪβ壬ԼӣϣҲΪ 
ֵԼˣһеԼ𣿿֣ǹپˣ 
źһɼƬʮʿ˽Ϊ׵ľǻͽǧǻ 
ΪܹܣĽݳ֮ȱֱֻǰϮ˾ܼࣺ 
춽ǧԭǽֶ챻ɱᣬӺ컨ĸһؼңʽ 
Ͷһͳ죬컨ĸᣬ޼ɵˡҲЭ 
褲ϣڽʡԳѲ 
ǻֻ׽ϣһˣֵܺ׿һҲڣ־ϲҪ֪ 
ֵҲǱľΪϣǣջ񣬵׿һȴ䵱 
ɵŵӣǻ֪ϣѣȴԸ˶ڵ䵱ɽ 
˵׿ոͣپ룬ֻǻеλ׿Ǻ 
ѣ׼׿ӣ˳Ƿ֮߰ɣ׿һŭ 
һСЮסֱ̺۾ǻ⧲ָϣŭ 
㲻ԣڣ˫һŽ档ǧʿ׷ϡ 
ԪеҵΣϣͬ۹ã岻ݴǣչȵ˽ 
ǧֵܹЦһȻ֣׮ͷôˤֱ˦ȥⴳ֪ 
ʿҲи֣ǣ½أ֣ǹ裬ʱĸ˶ 
Χںġ 
ǻ书ͬСɣ˫ڷɾŭҪ׿һ书ѵ 
ˣҲֻм֮޻֮ǻ־ϣ׿һս 
ÿÿ׿һϣ׿һϣսǻɱ֣Ҳ 
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׿ֵҹֱǷսݡʱһԪ˿ڷ 
Ծǲ㣬¶ƣ̬ǻ˳ϲȰɵ˫һ죬 
׿һ˺ԪľԪһұһӣֻážһ죬 
ǻöžУڼͷϻһ£ι飬ԪҲ˫ 
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Ԫܽ˵ˣǲ֧֮У书ǿȴ 
չˣһپⷽʱռϷ磬Χ 
ս֮ʣ֮䣬һХԶԶХͳڳ˶ 
ϣ׿һϲһеǰˣϣһ 
ϴ󣬲Ҫ٣ǾͿɽΧˣϣȴ֪ 
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ǧġ綾ɰơġҰȭһͬа书Զ 
£ʱҲһԪپһ󼱹Ҫ׿˸ɱ 
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֮أС֮ĶȾ֮һɫڳԽ֮ʣȻ˫˫һ 
ץԪץϣһԪץ׿һеһ֮ 
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һ±⣬ǻһеããԪ۵ǧ 
ǰǧΪǰѣ٣ԼˣȫԪȻһ 
ֱ۱죬һץ˽ǧ⣬ɱ缱裬Ц 
˭ҲʣֵܿߣӲ 
һ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʿͶ׷߱ܣǻ 
֮ʱѴȥˡǻŭ˫бɣȡ׿ˡ׿ 
ץˣŲ㣬˫ѵܶܡ֮ʣ׿һȻһᣬҡҡ 
бȴͻȻһ濴ǲ·ǻһȥȴ˸գ׿һ 
ĽǻδϵķλͻȻ͡һǻ۴ 
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ǻҽһ˼ʹǣ۶ʱҲ벻׿һ 
Ȼ˹١ԭ׿һһΣ֮ʱȳĽǴĦ 
ʦļʽ֮һ䵱ɵǰң·δ 
ʵã׿һȴĦ͸ãϣ湦֮󣬻 
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׿һһ֣ˢˢָָϴ򱱣֮䣬˼ 
ˡǻ־ŭ˫һչأҵӦУСĽУ׿һֻʶü 
Уһֱˡǻˣ书ڣ׿Ҳˣ 
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Х׿һϲ֧ţԤϿɵХֹ 
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ɣһףǧɽȡȻԪҪ֮Ž 
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ĺѣˣʵʲ᲻ãꡱһʾ 
Сõ˵ȻãΪģȻ⣬ 
Ǹ㣿õɲѽɲ޶У޺øУ 
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ġǺϣصϣĿӰɽҡҡͷ֮ 
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࣬нˣ겻壬æȦӣͷһڻѩɽֱȥ 
׿һаϲԭҵȰ档 
ĸֻʣͷշʦвֶ֧˶ʮУɲ 
ͺšһѸ糸磬ͷϵͷ­ѪȪӿѩȾ졣 
ʦҧʵһȡ׿һͰ׷ħŮ֣ͭҲɽȥ 
׿һһͭķɣ׷ħŮЦһýͭһȡ 
ȵıҲãɣͭһɣͭı߷ӭ緢 
ع죬ȥ磬շʦչɽͭһʱΣ±ӣ 
׿һ¿عͷֻ׷ħŮɭɭľޱ顣׿һ֪ 
ߣһֱ͸ͷе㣬㣡׷ħŮһ 
ۣȻŤͷߡ׿һ׷ᣬе㣬㣡˵׷ħŮṦ 
֪߳Ȼܣ׿һ粻ȴŲܱŶʮ 
顣һͷȻվšͷǣϳɳĺȴ顣 
֪Σ뿴»طֽ⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ڶʮŻءչȴԲɽ¶鵳ı  
׷ħŮ¾ ڶʮŻ  
չȴԲ  
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Źâıʯ׿һһ᣺ת˫ۣɲĵķ 
֮⣬ǰ⼦Ƥ׷ϸϣǻҳЩӰӣ׿һ 
ߣڶ֮УоյŮϳ˹ 
׿һǰȥе㣡׷ħŮһ׿һ 
գֻð׷ħŮȻЦ˭㣿ϴ 
׿һ㣬׷ħ֧ʲ᣿׿һ 
֪ţԸһ𣬵ؾ쳤Ҳˡ 
׷ħŮЦҪһ𣡹̫нľ˵ʲؾ 
 
׿һǰȥʵ㣡׷ħŮһЦ 
㾡߶׿һ㲻ҲҪӰһ׷ 
㣬ΣҵȻ䣡׷ħŮһЦɭɭġסͻ 
Ȼ׿һӣģûУ𣿡׿һ 
飬˸˲Ϣ֮䣬ٹȥ׷ħŮ˵ 
㣬ձ˻Ҳϵ㡣У㻹Ǻ͵һģһ 
׷ħŮһЦһˤˤ׿һ֣ȥ㵱ɡȥ 
ѽΪʲ᲻ȥѽ׿һȻ򣬵㣬˵Ļǣ 
һҪΪѰ鵤ҩָഺ׷ħŮǲ飬Ҳ㡣 
㣬ңǱ˴档˵Ҳ㣬ҲһΣ 
Щ¸ 
׿һһȻϾת֪ԭһ 
˰׷ڣϻͯͬȥҰɣ׷ħŮЦҿû 
ԳƤҼȻ˿أԼȥң価绨Ůһͬá 
׿һ֪׷ħŮìܷǳϧԼգֲԸ֮׿ 
һǰ̼˵㣬Ҳ˼׷ħŮ 
˵꣬Ȼתߡ׿һе㣬㲻ѽˮ 
ǧɽ˪ѩҵüѽ׷ħŮٿȻַһЦ 
ֻð׷ħŮѽ˹ҹӣһţȻ˪֮࣬ 
λӦøмˣ漥ڽ˼˵ʲԳƹֵͣù 
ڱߣ׿һһ㣬м޴Ա硣ЦУ׷ħŮɽһԾ£׿һ 
һƮһŰӰš׷ħŮ˾Ṧˡ 
ЦѼţӰ١׿һٰΣ£Ȼ̾˿Թޣ̶ 
ΪԼһƬϣɲжϸ룬ǰ֣ʵиɲ 
࣬Աʾ١ʱһгȻ˵Զ⣬ѩ֣ 
ǷӦ֮£Ǻգһ룬׿һԼ춰ᣬδ 
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ʦʲˮαʸ׿һʵ·ϱû 
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Ϊɷȡ·ûкιϵһǼ·̳̣׿ 
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̾˿ 
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ˮˮＴʻʦοԷɶɣʦȰʸˮ 
С׿һȻΪԲΪɲ£ɲ½ʱ 
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ʮѩ˪ҲҪɵ˻ҵİ 
Դˣ׿һڴԭΣ߱ɽϱִҴҹǴ˵ 
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һգ׿һɽԱһѩɽɽһͷգ 
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׿һʯȥֻһһ٣ڴȡԷȴһ 
ɽ񣬴һʮСӣСӺƤһֻ 
ȴԲִ󣬣 
ϵȵ壬ӦýѩûУϬֲ˵ģ 
аү곤Ĺɽҵѩҩ 
ҩĵˣϬҲֻһʦൣ 
ϵˣɵĳ֮һܹƸΪ 
ʦͽܡɶǲԭһ壬˶ɽ 
ҪţɽԻҪҩĺҰζʮŶ 
ԭţɽԻаʮҡɢɽɽ֮Уղ㡣˱ 
ģԸ£ÿ궼ȥɽԻĹȴڲɼɽҩģ 
бҪĳһϬǵģȴҪҪѩģȴҪĶ䣬ɽǼ 
޷ȥ飬Ҫֵвǣǰ 
ǹԻȵ޷ġ˷һ˫ۣЦ 
ҩĵˣߣô󵨣ɸүˣǳʲ 
᣿ѩֲܳ伢ǵүԴһ򲻴ǰɲѩ겻 
Ҳ֣ʦͬ˵˵ǵĿүһܹԭµġ˲Ȼ 
ɫүĳǾ͵ˣүԭǣҲԭ£ 
ͰץȥﲻʦԸ̱㱼ǰ֡ˣ 
ģҪץš 
Σ֮ʣСӺȻеЩǿ۸ҵȻ 
˫һԾǰһ壬⣬ǺһͷײС֮ 
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΢΢һ㵣Сײһˣ׳ƣײ 
һСһͷײһϣҡСӾȻʹ׿һ 
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˹һЦһСӵֱۣһɳϣ书Ƿ 
ͬСɣСȴֶáеʦСӲ£ 
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Ц壬컯һöӣҷǵΪĹ 
ҲˡϲҪл˺Ȼм 
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һ֪⣬ȴָһɣЦС޶ţ 
һһǿôʤ춵ײ 
ҶҲûҡ伸ƬһƱ㽫ˣҵıǲǱöࣿݺӵ 
һ˫۾´궼۸ҵĵҲŲҪ˵ı 
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ҪҪĶأ壿 
ݺӵҵңǰүҪǽණ֮ᣬ 
Ҫġɽǵţɽǵҩģ㶼ҪæСӲҪ 
˵ʦӣ㲻Ҫߡ˴ŭȵߣ 
ΥүӵķϣѩҲҪˣҪĶӡ 
ͽһ㻹ʶ̧٣ 
ݺӽеѽҵĵ۸ǣҲͽܣЦ 
㲻ҲɣҰȥñ޴ҰԣˣȻٽ㱾 
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׿һͷ𣬴ʯһԾȵͽ֮ 
һۣ׿һǸģЦͽܣʲ£׿һ 
ͽҲԸЦүҪᣬٶ죬Ҿ 
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˴ЦҲʦɣĿҲἸ 
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ܣȴҲȡʤ£ȴĬˣԾƶ 
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濰մ֮ʣٿȻһ֮ǣָ֮ھһ 
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Σֱ׿һھ֮һʱʧ˸ɺ⣬ҡҡڰڣ׿һһ 
ĵһƻǰأһȥһͣӴʱ 
һԴаײȥ 
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׿һ书˵ãƣбϲһãָ 
ꪣһ̽ƽ磬в˫ȭգвһѨγ 
ͣ׿һ˫ȭռȣοɫ٣ֻʮ 
Уֻ׿һһãһļͷһ׿һõ䵱Ʒ 
½ľУȭżʩ뵽ﾭܵţһ 
أϰҲ 
ݺԿִЦ׿һٸһţɽȥ׿һЦ 
Լ᣿߲ѣͽɽ 
ܣСֵøǹЦ 
ǰл׿һʲ᣿ɺαл⺢Ӷˣʲ 
֣ղ֣ηӣ㻹лˣҪ 
λ๫Ѿɮȥ๫ЦʮˣʲҲ 
ҰúܣǺӺȻ׿һǰ˵ˣհͽܰɣӸ 
ͷˣ 
׿һûͽ֮òأĻϲ 
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ղɮһ㣬úҲϲȴ׿һӴߡ׿һ 
֪ӣﴫ书ǡ 
׿һʯʯ豸ʮּ򵥣ǽϹƤ 
ϰżͷ̨ʣ׿һʵΪסѩɽ֮ϣ 
ϰϺıȽףɽѩܶ࣬ҩҲײɡӵʦ 
Ҵȥ棬źءи֦ѩÿ꿪һ 
ΣϧѩѾ˺ҩ̻ʳҪȻø㿴ǲŽкÿأѩ 
׵Ļִ㣬һ仨ͿɻʮΡ׿һѩǷǳѵõҩģõ 
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ԡ̾Ǻγ֪ѩֵǮõ棬Ҳҵ 
ļǮһһص÷ѣֵȥ裿׿һ֮ңƶ 
ʹ˽٣ȻЦԼ 
Цʦˣ滹仨ѩÿϧǻû 
׿һһʵ仨ǲһһ죿ӵѽ 
֪׿һһϲͬСɣʵûз󣿡ʧЦ 
÷󣬻껹ǽŵء׿һʹȥ𣿡 
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᲻˵ӵǰȥӥĵڻзֵġ仨û 
Ҹʲ᣿ɵӣ仨¾ǲԭϴ˵ġ׿һ 
ڵɻҲ֪ɻ𣿡׿һ 
ΪģΪֱǣֿϽСգΪ 
仨ɡӵ˵仨»ҪܾòſأȳԵ㶫 
ȥ 
׿һҳһͳҰζ常ɽɽΪѩǣʱ 
ĺǺ̹ǡ׿һɽ壬ԽԽ֣ͨɽԽԽ䣬 
ʵɽ壬ȴո෴ɽ䣬棬ůͣ 
Цɽľʲˣά˳ƱΪľʲɽΪˡľʲ 
Ǳɽ˼ɽΪѩǣʮֺ䣬һɽů׿һ 
ʲԵʣݴǧǰɽиɽڣ 
ɽˣΪůɳĮشĶԶ 
ɽ³ǰĻɽͼΪľʲɽϵĻɽֻСġ 
׿һЦ˵ﵹõ֮ٽŲһᣬɽ 
ֻǰһɽĲݵأһȪɽкһСС 
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纣ָһԵʦѽδɻˡ 
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٣Ĵָ󡣺֬׵񣬶š׿һһϲ 
̶һǡϲ춼ɻǵǲ֪ʲʱſ 
׿һһᣬֽһʵˣҪɻʲ 
᣿׿һҵһλδϰͷҼҪ仨ָഺ֮ 
飬춴ɫˣ޻ĵɻʱҶӵͷ 
ҲҪˡ˵еɻʮſһΣʱ纣룬ϼ˻ 
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֪б𡰻䡱֮һʵ㿴ʲʱܿǲԭϹϵĴ 
˵ʲйɻ᣿ 
˽ֱ˵˭ҲûмɻҲ֪ʲʱ 
ſҲ꣬Ҳʮ꣬Ҳʮ꣬˵öأʵٻҪʮ꣬ 
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׿һ˫üĬȻģǸ㿴 
˻أܼ֮ɻš׿һȻһЦҲ 
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ɮΣɵСġȴµѽʦȥ 
һ٣ðϳǵĲԭ 
׿һ΢΢һЦӣҪţѧ֮ˣӦ¶ݡϳ 
ԭȴˡͣһͣɽϱ˼꣬ 
ԭϸΣҲ֪һЩڸ֮УԹ塢塢޲ 
Ϊǿʢ޲ŬӢԶ𾴡˼ 
ȻҲǼܸɵˣΪ˲бҰִ󣬱ֻȴǵΪ 
˱ϧΪɮһЩФĲɱΣԽºûΰ롣 
᣿˵ò׿һȥǵɮ 
ѹյ˵ǵϳȥ˼Σã 
費ףȥʱȼĸְ˶Ĺ 
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ȴһ㱾ŵŹȻȥ 
ڱɽշ֮ϳױ׷ޣ״ԣͳһý֣ 
ѧʮ֡׿һһЩŹִһ׾ 
Ʒշס£Ѵó֮ᣬϰ뿪 
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ˡĽʿɽ䲻ɽĸƣȴȺ廷Ų黧վ 
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Īеյء 
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ܡ׿һ𣬵ǸֻԶƥᱼոյɽڣ 
ȻһڣҼ죬ƥ˻˷˸ֱ޵ 
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׿һһΪɽͣƥмͷ飬޼׿һ 
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ವļʮ㡣׿һȵգƵǬݵ 
ףνȥͣӥӿշɹвҽ֮޲ 
ѱǴĹȣ 
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ŲԻҪ޲˸ϡ 
׿һеٵһǣʩչϳṦɽϼ¡ 
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תͷ£һ˺޲˱һ𣬷Ƥ 
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Ȼǰ룺ͣδؿɿ֮䣬֪Ǻãֻʯ 
еݵ׷ȥֵܡ˵ʱ٣ʱȺ޲׷ 
Ҽ䣡׿һȵ˽ʯ䲻бܳһɣɽ 
ںͬ޲ȥǰ˻֮޼֮İ 
׿һеʯ֣һ޲֦ʯ 
Ǳһ˦ļ֦䣬ǰ֦䵽λ޲ 
ϡ 
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ӡ޲׷֮ȴ׷˹׿һ 
׿һеϢŭҺһ·޲ǿţߴߺ 
Ǳ˲ԭ˲ˣ˵ӦǵǰΣ 
ҲӢ۵޲ˣ׿һһҲ벻ʯư˵ģڲ 
ԭ޲ӢŬ 
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Ŭ޲ļʿҪȥȣδ 
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׿һΣȻһֻһϽ֮޲ʿĵ 
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ǰӭУ׿һɼƮһһƣӭߵԼȥʯƵͬ 
Ϊͬһ·֮ˣϲеùˣûˣҿ·ǳȥ׿ 
һ죬˫ָһѰпŵ÷ȥ˺δϣͻȻһʹ 
أŬһָ֮䣬ƣϡ 
ʯͬеͣпͼɵʹߣ书ίʵ 
Ȼ豻ǿֿŬʯƵİ޼ʱѾͣ 
ͷۻͼۺſŬ»֮ƣָ繳Ŭʺ 
׿һ뷢һӶǰʱָͼвһ¾ͼȫȻ 
ָ繳ȴѶã 
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ңַ޼ϸȴΪΣ׿һѹȻӰٱȡһ֬ 
ƿҩһЩһƬưҶϡ޲ʿȵ 
ʲ᣿ 
׿һǵү˶޼ˣҩȥһһڷʮʱ 
֮ᣬԻָ޲ʿ׿һδţҼӡŬ 
ңҪңα񣿡Ŭ˵̹֮һڵƲµǡ׿һ 
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ˣ׿һҵȴַҵĵˣǺε׿һ 
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Ҫʯ⵱һáʩչϳṦ׷ϡ 
Ľʿɽɽ֧Ҳبһɽɽ·ػۣ 
ֹ׿һ书йɽ·ʯṦãвԼ 
ΣδĽʿɽ֮ǰһܽ׷ϡ 
׷ԼһʱʯƵıӰɼ׿һеʯƣˣһ 
ȣͬ顣ʯƺǣǰܡ׿һĵˣ飬 
Ŭ˵޼ϸԩˡߣ㲻ңѵҾ׷㲻ϣŲһ׷ 
졣 
׷ɽڣʯƺȻХȻͣͷЦ׿һ 
׷Ҹ 
׿һ϶ʯ֮֮㣬Դ촰˵ٺף 
ЦΪ׷㣬ԼӦ֪ʯƤЦ˫һʣ̯Цֲ 
׳棬֪׿һǸͬʲˣʯЦ׿ӣ 
αض£׿һ˵ƫƫҪ˵λͬǲ 
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һɮĺɽ괦ͬʱһǹʿװ 
磬һȴŴɮ۵ͷӡ 
ʯƵСͷɲСأ䵱ɵţͷ˫һ׿һ 
һۣȻӲĺ˵䵱ɵţǣ䵱ɵ书ԭ 
ųƵһҪ 
ʯƵ׿ӣҿʲҴڻķϣԸɱ㣬ؽ 
ɽȥɣûǿԵĵط׿һҳӣ˵ö֮˵ 
ϻһɣ 
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һһԪһˣԪսŵܵܣȱӡ׿һ 
Ҳ׷ϣʺ໪ǴģʯʦûУ໪ 
ĨǬϵķɳЦһԶ⣿ 
׿һͷ¹ײֻú໪ʦȥţ 
ҵѰ㡣ѳˣǰ껹䵱ɽѹڶüҲȥˡ 
ֻһˣįúܡ䵱ɽסˣҪ۽磬 
ҲûôӦ໪ãһƤľǲͬ 
׿һãʦ֮δǡ໪ֵǵɳ 
Įˮˮʣ޶ࡣǱиСɽԼһҶҵ˵ҶҲ 
ˮȥˮƣ룬ȥ˲ãηˡҶ㵽С 
ܷ磬ֹ֮ᣬˣҲ֪֪ҵ֣׷ 
ңҪ㣬͸˾䵱ɽ޳һ 
׿һĿԶֻͷȻиСС꣬ɳĮԭ֮ɳĮ 
ԲɳĮһȫһ޼ʵĻɳ׿һһ󣬺ʦ 
СɽﲻԶΪĺ໪ѽҲס׿ 
һͺ໪ȥСɽұҲʯ˵ӰӣСҶһۼ 
ףֻݵһˣɳʯ׿һ֡ѰٺȻ 
ú໪һСǣʼ֪ɳĮգ仯治ײ¡֪Σ뿴»ط 
⡣  Ժ׷ħŮ¾ʮһءĺ޼ң졡˼֡ɴĮ  
׷ħŮ¾ ʮһ  
ĺ޼ң졡˼  
ɴĮ ˵׿һĴѰ٣ʯ˵Ӱӣź໪һ׿һæչȥ 
໪СҶϡҰݣһָֻɳʯм㵭Ѫգ໪ 
ݱɫ˵Īҵĵˣ 
׿һҲһϸ棬⼸Ѫ֮⣬״չЦ 
ã㲻صģʯʦȻֹ⼸Ѫգ໪ȥ 
׿һɳĮ磬һᣬɳΣ·Ҳ 
㣬ʧڴɳĮˡǼѪգǱɳʯƵġ໪е 
ֵ˼ʱ˵ҵ֣Ǻҵгޣ 
ǻе𣬵ʱҪ᣿ 
׿һʶģɾˮˮ˵ʲ 
ޡʦ彣书ǿҲ⼸Сҵǵ·ˡ 
ɳĮѰ٣Ѱ˰죬Ӱ١綸׿һ 
ʦˣһʧҲ㲻Ǳ߲ԭˡڰս 
ţɳĮϺѵûʣɳĮЪϢҲܲ㣬Ҳ紩 
߲ԭȥɡ 
ɳĮԭ֮СɳĮ˲ʱ򣬱ߵǱߵĲԭʱĺ 
ɫϣڲԭ𣬲ԭԶɽ߳䣬ҹɫˮһ 
⣬Хӹԭԭߣأӥ֮һ׿ 
һңǣȻȻ̾ʮ겻㶼ˣ棬ܲ 
ˣ 
໪̧۾Ц׿磬Ϊʲ񲻻ƵģǰһֻǺ 
˵һǵɽ֮ʱҽӵҺͽ 
㱳ỹЦءʱ㻹ңأǵ𣿡 
׿һЦǵãʱҪǰʯ˺֦ڣɲҲ 
ֳ粨 
໪׿磬㲻ȥ𣿡׿һԭҵļˣһ 
ȥʲ᣿˼Σʺ໪䵱ˡʦ񻹺 
𣿡໪̾ʦᣬնƷ߳˥϶ˣ 
ȥ죬һ󲡣ڿҪҵһɽҲ࣬Ƶ 
龰ˡ׿һˣһ̾ 
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˵ӰȻͷӹĶ۹ƺע 
Ȼ䣬ʦȻᣬȴҲ໪ʵ磬Ĳȥ 
𣿡׿һͷǣĴţȥˣ 
໪ʵҵ𣡡׿һͷһʵ˭໪Ц 
ɲ֮£˲֪𣿿ϧûмʦǶ˵Ǳ 
УǺֻҽȴû˵Ļ׿һЦЦ 
أ໪һδ֪ŵʦʦȻŮħͷ 
ȴһŮӶܳư֣ΣҲһü 
׿һЦЦ໪磬Ҫ𣿡׿һû 
ɳĮϹη磬ٿȻһƬɳٿȻ֮䣬ֹȥˡ 
໪һͷЦᣬɵСˣڹηķɳ֮Уɲ 
Ǻѽ 
ԭϺֹˣҹɫԽŨԽ׿һԶһŻ⣬Ǳ 
ȡůԭϵΪÿͣǲȥͬҹ 
߽ȥΧڻѱߵһȺˣʮƥգлƺ 
񣬶ǴԽɳĮĿ̣֮˶ú׿һͺ໪ɵ 
һۣ׿һ˵ڹη֮·̱óλ¡ 
ɳĮϵ̣Ϊң޹̶סַóһҴСҪͬУ 
ɳĮգɩ˽ͬУӣҲࡣ 
ϲ裬СӱΧѳһŮã 
ϳɶһĺͣ׿һ˲ԭ꣬¶ǵԣֻ 
Ů 
˻ɳ 
ߵӥ£ 
ѽߵֻӥ 
Ȼ·ɳҲҪѽ 
˻ɳ 
ߵӥ£ 
Ҳǲ·ɳ 
ѽΪҪ棬 
Ҫ˷ؼң 
Խ࣬׿һϧҲӥ 
ӥȴֲϳ˷ҡ 
Щظ裬һСӵλԶĿˣҲ 
ǳһ֧衣˵ձ˰Ѻٵݸ໪׿һ 
׿һ裬ǹ˵ڣȻ˲ 
Ϊﲻˡ׿һƴǲãֻó 
ɪͶƫԹ𣬱ɽԶˮ١ 
Ŀ˥ݣҹ衣Ҷ޷䣬Ʋ곤 
ϣҡҡĺѽɻΣ޴׷Ѱ 
ٻϡ֮ʱе˻ˡɲǰ 
Ͽʱ˵Ļ֮£ഺפ֮ˣ˵үȻһ 
˼Ƕ࣬үҲѽǼһسһأ´ټʱֻǰ׷ͷ 
ˣЩ񾹳״ʡӡδ 
׿һиɲ֮Զģ֮ᣬŸе˻ֵ̫ 
͡ 
һȱϣ޻Ȼ벻Ҳó໪ 
ĵԻ֣ȴĸ裡룬Ҳһ֧ 
ɡ׿һ٣ 
ǰѻϡģؽ𹳣硣ӵ崲ɢܽ 
ʡýŲ쵽ɴɣҪ˶ڻȡɢ˫񣬵 
ЩɸӰ¶黨㡣̾һ룬ħϡ 
ǽһеСƣ죬ʱŤת 
˵Сӵλﳪãһĺ͸໪ʾ⡣׿ 
һǹڣƴǣ໪ЦˡǼСӶΪ 
øУΧ̸໪ʵǴǶģжú 
ǴģĴɳĮأ໪һʵǽ 
;Ͽĵʿ᣿׵òϸ˵ˡǹŶ 
ġǺһ·ǵʿ֣ŭϣһȺ 
䡣໪ʲ᣿ĸ׺ɴûнѽ 
ѽҲó棬һĵʿм䣬ۼˡЩҲ 
׵úܣ 
໪һʵǵʿǱǸϵ𣿡Сҡҡͷ˵ 
ҿûϵʿȺм䣬ͷɥӡǵȺܵú 
죬·ˢ˼ޡ׿һʵǷߣСӵ 
ķߡ׿һҲҪĴɳĮˡ˼ 
Σȡѩǿ⼸ѩΣ⼸ѩ׿һ 
ɽ߷̽ʦ֮ʱɣÿһ䶼мʮƬ꣬һѩЩ 
˾̾ѣѩǼδ㵽Ǵģ 
׿һЦһЦҽ⼸ѩǽһգһĻǿԸ 
᣿Щ˵ܹ˵׵ãѩ⼸ѩһƥҪֵ 
Ǯöࡣ׿һ˵ȴѵãѩײɡȻԸ⣬Ǿͽ 
˰ɡЩ˴ϲһЩɳĮϵþߺǬ 
ڶһ磬׿һ˷֣ͺ໪գֱС໪ʵ 
ΪʲҪգձеû׿һɳĮؽ 
ɳǧֲϰɳĮˣɳĮۣ֮ȥã໪ҵ 
Ⱥͬߣ˲벻͸ѵǱǰ᣿ҵĵδ 
⣬޽Ҳδ̫ˡ׿һȴԼ 
Թ֮£ĵĪɵΪ֪ҵʦ壿Ұʯʦ 
ڱһᱻǰ㣿Ҳǲ벻͸ֻȻ֪Ѵ 
ɳĮУֻһ·׷ȥѰϢ 
ɳĮɳǧ̣Һ˽ͬУɽį໪ʮ߰ 
Сǵһ⣬ɳĮľе棬Խϵ飬Ҳ 
ʣ׿һ̸̸˵˵ӵѹֻÿ໪ʼɲʱ׿һ 
Ц𣬻˶ 
֪˰£ҲʱɳĮϷӡǸЩӡʱӡ 
ɳıöڡ໪δ߳ɳĮĽһս 
裬Ȼһӭɫɳӭ׿һӣҪδ 
ˣұĵطʰɡϿȻεضɳĮǣƻɫ 
ɳһŻʣεء 
׿һ𱳷ĵطĻıϵϴʯĻһǽڣŷ 
ɳˣĻȻεú졣໪벻ɳ 
׿һЦڻǷ缾أǷ缾ɳ𶼻ᱻƶ֮Ҳᱻ 
ϰգȻգ˭ֵסⳡ绹ģܿͻ 
ȥ 
һ󣬷ƲЪϢŵճ˻һ׿һ⣬ֻ 
ӰԱٿȻ׿һֽеɳδλβ 
ۡ 
ͣ²Ǻţǰ˸ټǵεһ 
Ϣˡ๫кٺò׿һ˫˫ڡ 
׿һ֪͵գɳ֮գû͵Ҳпԭ 
˲ҴȻд 
͵⣬໪Ƴ׿һһۣɫϲ׿һ΢Ц 
ɳĮҹŪ㿪ˮɡ໪˻ȡһͭˮҵˮ 
ˣɣҪȻˮûźǡ׿һɨһۣЦû 
ʯѹĴʯͷɲãأ˵๫ÿǾ 
ɳĮߵ÷纮׿һαߣ뷨ɨһ۵а 
ˣһԡѹһʯᵽУڼ˫Ȼһģ 
ǿʯΪĿ飬Цⲻˣ̴Ŀɿ 
á 
׿һˣ¶֣Ȼµĺлˮʱ 
ɳֹ˺ȹˮݴǵл๫к׿һҹ· 
ɣ˵ǳ걼ߣѾˡڲǷ缾ѵùһ磬ⳡ 
֮ᣬڣزٹΣռ··һ๫ЯŮ죬 
Ҳ߶ȥ໪һ죬׿һȻˣףλ·ƽ 
ͳ⡣˺ͬʵ๫´ᱨ𡣡׿һ 
ЩЩС£ҳݣһۣлȥ 
׿һصУ໪ԹѲ⣬᲻ǡ׿һ 
ұˣܼѲȡ໪⣬һᡣ 
һǺˣҺ¶֣סҲһ飬 
ŸϿߵġ 
׿һЦѹȥغҲ²ˡ໪磬Ĺãֻ 
˫һѹܽǴʯΪĿ飬ҵĵδܹҿ˶ʦ⣬ 
ˣ˭ҲûĹˣֲʦһҪɽ׿һĦʦ 
󲻿˼飬ҲԵƤëѡܽĦʦѰأ书 
޵¡׿һʱѰԸ䵱ɽǾȥˣ 
Ϊ˱ʦ֮䵱᧣ȴǷһزɣʹ⣬ҲҪ 
ء 
ɳֹҹཥ̸һᣬЪϢİ˼ߣ໪ 
ģһͺ˯΢Ļӳƻӣ֮͸˵Ů̬ 
׿һ̾˿ɵڻɲ龰ʱɲװ˯װüƣ 
ҲһаӣǵԼ˴£ϡ 
ٿˡԹ˼ͷʫ䣬Լ绨죬ˮ 
꣬ɲǱȻ̫Ϣ 
黳괥˼糱׿һþò˯һѻѽҪϨ 
һѻ𣬺ŵһ˻׿һĵѵһֻˣǷ 
𣬺һѲĻͻȻ˺һѿڣ缲һһλεķɵ 
׿һһ˫ָһɵ˦µϣγø߳ 
ʽһ£ΧһԤ㣬Ž⴩Ļ 
Ļĵȴδϰڳ׿һֻϡӰ 
ܣ׿һŭȵ͵յСҺкǶܷɳȴ𱨣 
ͬʩ֣ͽǣݣߣǰȥɲ 
֮䣬׷ᡣ 
׿һΪУһǰĺˡ֪ո׷ϣ˺Ȼعͷ 
һ˺ȵݺ⣬Ҫ͵Ҳ͵汦˭Ҫ͵գһ˵ 
ҵҪ䵱ɵʲ᱾죿ֵر룿 
˶Ժɴ棬˵˿еɳƣǰˣһȴ 
ֻǷЦ˵ 
׿һһо˵ĹŹ֣ȫ֮⣡ 
Щ˿͵ϮȴݵΪ˵ͷˣ 
Ӧˡһԭһƣ֮߱أй 
á֯׿һ⼸ȻԴȴֲ⡣ֻ 
ɹ⼸ɵǺ˵ȴֲơ 
ʱ˫ңݵ׿һϸϸá˵һת̶ 
֡һʹйٱʣãʮһ˫ɨ磬۾ 
׿һڴĮ֮У֣Ȼһ𣬴Ѿ񣬼չ䵱ʮ 
ӭУˢˢȡˣ糸磬ʹйٱʵһ⣬ұб׿һġЦ 
Ѩֻõһ𻨷ɽйٱʱȥ׿һҲ΢΢ȡ׿һ 
εȿݣʮ಻˲Ϣ֮䣬Ʋһ˼ 
УҲһ̵ܹһһָһ 
ָ¾ȵ׿һĵƫһԣ˫һ澢ˢķҲݳһ 
ɿ⣬׿һʮӭУ빥أȫܿȥ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬 
ʹйٱʵֲ˫бɣƽͣ׿һһȺɨ䵱 
ġԧȡ뽣ͬһС½Ȳãʹйٱʵ 
̵ܴĽͱܲɨ̵ȣɨ̵ȣͱ̵ܲĽ 
ʮΣ 
ɣȵᵽ˸ոռ̵ܿĽ׿һķɽɨߣ 
ǰġ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǳ׿һȿĺһ˸ϣԾȻ˫ 
ãǡ֡еġӥץá䣬书ǿҲҪ 
׿һŵһ㣬Ҳбܳ߳⣬кò죬˵ַƺ 
Ƶġ 
˺ȵߣҰֽϻߣƷ쬣ǿ 
׿һŭһ㲻ɣֻݣǷףȴĹϧ 
ϧʹйٱʵ˴Ц֣׿һϾֱ棬 
չ̡Ȼ˵У˫ȴרʮѨ֣飬 
ͨ֡ļһǺݹٲԸǿ 
׿һŭʹƽʮ಻糤ӣϣ 
Թѷѽ⡣շתʮУǲʤ 
ˣ׿һ񶷣һȴȻԵãԱ߹սʱʱ 
һЦ׿һ죬ȴ಻ܲ͵Ϯв²͸Ǻεˣ 
У໪ѴĻгɸ׿һǿУеʦã 
ǰ໪㼲ϣˢһʹйٱʵķѨ˻رʺ 
ܣ໪ʮﻬʽһתתһ˵Ҳ࣬һ̵ָ 
Ѩ˷һƣƷ£Եšһеˡ 
໪ĽǰʯϤĴڣȻԶȲ׿һ׿һ 
ев£һʱ֮ȴҲκã飬ﻬתתȥһ 
һһһ̵ҲѨڣȻǿУ 
ȴҲò 
һƴ䡣ս׿һǳһ໪дţв 
֧Թսʱ̲ˣسХһƤһӣž 
죬Ƥһ㣬ˢһ׿һͷɨ׿һһ 
ǡɲ˴תᣬһָƮ磬ֱ 
᳤۾һͷҲأƤһ׿һһݣæ֣ϲ 
˾Ȼ֮ͨ书Ҳ߳ǰࡣ 
ʹƤ˼֮ᣬֱ䣬׿һ໪Զֻмܵķݶ 
ʹйٱʵĵַ䳰䵱ţ಻ˣҲδ̫ 
ˣ׿һŭһתֱӥ֣ӲٿȻʹƤĵߴ 
һСͼڡ˸˫ʹܽ˫Ϻܣ 
֪׿һȴУֻһ⣬ת͡һ죬Ѱ½̴һ 
󶴣⻹չŲ켲ҪȻһǶв֮֡ 
ʹйٱʵųһ亹׿һ֣֮֮⣬ʹƤ 
ˡ桱һ䵱ʮļǡƽͻٿȻ 
Ȼţ׽ʤһУȵˡ 
õ⼸־ѧʧĴĦʽ 
˹߾Уӹ֣׿һй죬ԼͬĦ 
ʽȻ׿һֻУͻϮǻԣԾսȴǲܡ 
һ˿ʵΧ׿һֻ䵱ԴĦʽ 
ǿС 
նʮУ׿ζ˸·磬˹ø׿һܣ 
໪飬һʱ֮䣬ȴҲδ¶ʹƤɱʹطɨ 
죬;׿һһȻʧеǰι 
ΪУɽϸ߷壬ɲܵĻԪ٣Ԫ 
һ׿һǰһ棬Եڲϵó 
 
ԪЦһɲأ׿һŭɲгǰȥ 
ǰӢۣȴԹĹʩһһ˵ͬ 
֪ƤţԪٹЦ˭ˣĻȥ 
أɲҲȥˣеǾڸᣡ˵գִ˸ 
ейˣСĿˣûǰɣƤһ 
⿪׿һһٿȻ¡ 
׿һһȴϾͻԪ˵֮ʱϾˣ˺ 
໪ʩɱ֣ʹйٱʵļź໪Ľһ繳һӣӡ 
ţ໪ʹйٱʵĲţ޷ֻƷ絶Ȼմ£ʧС 
ɲ֮䣬һУšˡһ˷ءԭ׿ 
һȣһдĦʽеġһέɽƶ춾ˣ 
ײȥͷ໪һץֻʹ 
Ԫٽе᣿ʹйٱʵ죬ͬ顣ܣԪٽ 
׿һ±˱һ֮Ƿɰټ׿һЦ 
׷ 
໪ʵ磬㱻Ĺץˣ׿һûʲᣬǻ 
ȥ໪ʶǵǼ˵УΪݶ׿һ 
ʶʹƤǻԪ١໪ţԪ٣ҵйһӣҿ 
ҵĵһǱǰˡ 
׿һʵʲӣҵûʯʦ˵໪Ҳǵ 
֮ᣬ˵ġݵ˵ʮǰԪ̸书䵱 
һͺԣʮ֮ڣ㽫һûǻԪҲӲ 
ڲҵִһһֱ˵ˣŸݡ׿һ̾ʦ 
֮ʱҲ̫ʢˡʵʯˣƢҲδġ໪ѽҵ 
еˡκԶ⣬Ͷ˵Ⲣ޸ֻ֣Ҫ 
Ԫ٣ַʮǰ֮𡣡׿һƾԪٵ书Ҳ 
ƽ֡²㣬ֻ滹ǣˡ໪ 
ѽԪٸղŲ˵ʲɰ˵ʲѵͬյ 
ˣǵɲ 
˵֮䣬ѻص棬׿һȼʯԽһգ 
пһˡ໪ȥһЩԭ׼ճԵĿݲݣ磬 
Ԫٺ˵˵ʲ׿һһƳղŸԼ˦ڵµ 
ɵϴһֽæ̧𣬵Ŷԭ 
ɵڽϵǳе£ⲻˣ֮͵Ϯ׿һȡ 
ЦһԪͷĹֻҲݵˣҿ 
ʲ໪չȥֻд䵱ɳưԭ 
ɽԵ̣żԶα߱ɣɲԾ֮꣬Ϧ֮ڣк̡ɰ 
Լ 
׿һüһǻԪ࣬˵䵱ɵţꡣ 
ǻ۰໪Ϊҵĵ㲻ۣҲҪһ 
ˡ׿һЩ˵һȺͬߣδؾڷɰС 
Ҳ׿һˣɰηҲ֪ 
ͷ˴΢΢ʹ໪üͷæȡҩ磬 
ҩ˵ɡ׿һţҡ棬˺ϵѣԼҩ 
ƽղкۼ׿һദʱʱĵɲͻȻ֣ 
⣬ܱӣԼҩæԼ֡ 
໪аЦأ̬ȻнŲ 
죬˻ 
׿һˤҩ࣬νȵ˭񿪴ǰ˻ 
׿๫ˣ໪ŭŪʲ飬ҿǶǻԪٵ 
һࡣ˵¶ˣҲ´ˡӴˣǶɰ֮ 
ˣ߻ĴĮξΣ 
׿һ˿ڻɣǽ£һЦȻǽϹĶơ 
˵׿๫֪뷨Σ׿һһЦٺʮ 
ʱҲܾΡɰʲ˲õż˵ 
Ҫʲ 
໪˵Ƕɰƣȴɫԭ䵱ɴطҽɰƣȴҪʮ 
ˮˮڵĶȳϽҩܼЧɳĮ 
ˮյˮҽ㹩֮ãʮˮ 
׿һȴ˿Ϊ⣬˿˵˵Ƿɰı׿һ 
ţҸոյǱ˵Ѿ֪໪Ȳ 
ʵǵıʲ˭ΪʲҪԼҵĴ䣿 
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Ц˼ʮˡ׿๫ʦҲ֪ǰҲڻϿ 
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ģһԪҪʱֱһߣʱŻѪ͵ 
ɲЦɰֵܱΣвˣҿҪɱ 
ˣŭη֮ˣȻӭɲ⣬ͻ 
ɲͷһһŲȣĵĳһߣת֮䣬 
ɲִˣдʹеɱһֵܣǳݣ 
㲻飬ɱɣҲֵͬɲο켫֮䣬 
˼ˣ׷֮Ҳܡ 
ɲȻЦɰҺɱĵ֣ŭ֮ 
ĵ֣ȵħŮ˵Ļ׷һľ 
죬ӷ֮ڶĿһֻһв֪ʲʱ 
ӷԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬͣ˸ɸ֮ 
ɽϱ֣йʶɮͬʦħŮ 
ɱݣɲ΢΢һЦ棬ԭ㣡 
˼ɲͻʦкǳԾʦһľ㣬ʲ˵ 
߶ͣ˰ɣ 
ʦɽа꣬书ɲ⣬ǫƽףɽϱӢ޲ 
һ˵׷Ȧӣֻг廹ϸݣͷɢݺ׷Ҫɲ 
ʦʲס֣û˵µ֣һɥ˵ 
ȣƶɮϣס˰ɣ 
ɰȻס֣˵֮أܸȻ𣿡ʦ 
ħŮʵȴһȱĽ̵ĶǹؽڣȻȴ֮ 
ϺɽѩƳɵı鵤ˮڷʹʧһʱ 
糣 
ʦȡʮű鵤δ֮ˣһͬߣƬ֮ᣬȻһ 
վ 
ɲЦ棬ˡ⣬һҪ 
 
ȻɲͷһҾ̾һҷ֪죬Ҿ 
ɢˣӴ˲ǿһҪл飡 
ʦЦƣⲻˣͷ׿һЦˣ 
ƶɮҲˣԻϲԩңҲúͺ˰ɣ˵꣬ɲɫ䣬 
ȵ׿һ䵱ɵĵӣʦɽȥ᣿׿һ 
㣬˵춰ʯ˸Ůԣý֮£˵㣬 
ΣǾϱ߻ģ׷ˣɲһЦʯ˫ջ 
죬ͻȻһҾ 
ɲһЦаħŮ䵱֮ݣʯ 
һл֮Ҳ顣ǱҪһɽţһ 
絣𣬽ˡһӴ䵱޸ϵɣ׿һ 
˵ʦ壬ʲỰ 
ʯЯŮɱܣɲЦ໪ȴͷɲɵú 
ôҴ磬Ҫǿ۸ɲ΢΢һ㵣ʱ໪ʯ˱ 
׿һľวȻʮɲ֮£Ϊͬ 
£һĶ뱨ţϰʯʦȴҪǽܲ 
ʹȴû뵽ţͬŹʯ˸ûȨ 
ǽ 
ɲһЦ׿һγѣȥ㣬᣿֮ 
£ʵǸᣡ 
ɲĻѼʮĲۣͷҲˣٳԧҲûʲ 
˼ɲ뷨ѰŮӣ׿һ̸ۻ֮ʱһųѣ 
һС񼸶֮ᣬûû˼ҲͲԸ׿һͣԸ 
һδ֮飬˴ˣ 
׿һδ˵ֻ꣬ɲƮȻȥ׿һ׷ϣ׷ϵϣ 
ǹӣǻɳĮĮɲӰֲˣ 
׿һʧʹޣãḧԼ米˵ 
ʦһֱ͸ᣬ޵ùˣųο⡣ 
׿һĬȻͻʦɳĮһ̣˵ȥ 
ˣ̧ͷ죬˫ҫȻ𣬽ҹϦڣֲȻ̾ 
ȵžۻᣬ˼ַɣүҲδ̫Ūˣ 
ʦҲ̧ͷţ֯ŮȽȽӹգȻ㱥ʫʣɼǵ 
ӽϦġȵɡһ᣿ 
׿һ黳괥 
ŪɣǴޣȡ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ 
ˮΣ̹ȵŹ·Ǿóʱڳĺĺ 
ʦɲ᣿飬ֺαسĺദ˼꣬һ˲ 
ǹۣ֮գҲǵؾ쳤̤ǹ⣬ɳĮţ֯Ů 
ˣ 
ɰһս׷ħŮԶɽϱ˸ĮԭȴҲ 
ѼӰӣɽϸ߷壬껹һһȵŬʮ죬 
գѵɽˡ 
׿һͻʦصɽ߷ᣬصĽʮɽշ֮ϣӳӭӣ 
֮ǰһ׷ͷŮӣշ̽ӵٻ 
ɻǰʡƿɻ˺þã̾ϢϺֳ΢Ц 
ˡŮ˺֣ʦ᣿ 
׿һȻ̫Ϣ˺þãǰʵʵң֪ 
ɻʲʱſ𣿡ӵʹ˵ҲҪʮ꣡ 
׿һã֮ᣬҲҪɻţʦ 
Ŀᣬɫ죬ҷʡ 
ҹǵ֮ҹ׿һշ壬Ȼңϸ߷߳Ʊ 
õƺ֮УƺһҲң 
׿һ̾˿ʮ£һһͷӹĳᣬϿҹ 
䵱ɽϵľףɳĮϵĿǰڣˣ飬о 
ҥ£ĵӣδؿ׷ģҲֻҹҹڴˡ 
׿һƳգͷϿյǣɺתɲĻֻ 
ɲͷϵǣԼǺܽԶĺӿɶϾ 
ýʯϿһʫʫţԤ֪г±ط硣ֻԵڴ֪ 
ʼڣ˪԰ģ羡ۻǧ 
֮֡ᣬУɢɽˮģϵıˣ¼ 
漰ҪʷʵýκͶֵܳ͢谸 
Ŭ⶷Ԭ޳Ҹг 
áδɶפָΪ־öɵ︳ָ 
ɵ︳ʮꡰһһꡱɶл 
ϲԮÿĶٶ᲻ϼ 
ĩ꣬Ű 
Ĺ׾ָʹ˾ʮꡰһ˶ꡱ 
áԭΪʹ׾ƹܻʵ۳̡̫ǿרͳΣѲ 
켩Ȩ߳ΪָʹɹݳΡ֮˾ϱ 
˾רگֱȡּ£ΪҿᡣҶһ֯ 
Уǿʷơ 
ʮꡰһһꡱŲִľ̫ӡڡסĴ 
̫ࡣִṩƵ֣̫ӱʱ˻֣ıɱ 
̫ӡ̫Ӳ׷Էͽ֮ɱŲУӡ͢˰ʷ 
ͦ롰衱ƹ󰸡 
κ͡һˡһꡱ٣Ӽӱˣʱ 
̩Ԫꡰһ0ꡱڼλ˾ּ̫࣬ƶ 
ĸϣרϹɢ꣡ꡱ˴ɱֵȡԳƾǧ꣬ 
廢룬ʮĿڸķ˽弴λᣬְ÷ 
Σ;ηɱ 
Ϊѹ͹ԱеķɣʮꡰһĶ0ꡱھʦ 
űùᶽ˾̫֮ڶ˳Σǧ 
̰ٻһԱɽǧٻ䵱̹٣ۡµȹУɽ 
¿ֱӱʵۣȨڽ֮ϡ 
ʱΪǿͳΣ춳ɻʮꡰһꡱڶ 
ֱ̫ᶽԱȨΧԾʦ鼰أ⵽ԣ 
ȳʱ¹רȨһȻָ誷ϡ 
ֵԽʿΪμšڣ港ܣìܼ 
ʮꡰһꡱ˹ܳɸְ磬ǮһڶԺ 
ѧ۳õʿ֧֣ʷơֵǷԿΣ˰εӶᣬ 
ſ·ʵи⵽ڳȨļӡʱ¹κר 
κⲶء˳ͬɱκʹ˱ࡰҪ 
裬ƹΪ⣬ֵʹ䵳ֵ㽫¼ļѵ 
һ򾡡ꡰһꡱ˼ڡۡλᣬκͣԴ˵ 
Ϊ永ֱֵȺŸֹ 
ܳɡһ0һһꡱˣʱƶ 
ʿѡ˾Сʮꡰһꡱְ磬ʳ 
͸ڶԺѧ۳ĵʿ֧֣ɼţʷƶֵ 
Сիǡ޲ظ塱˶顱͢һšһꡱ 
㽭ġˣַɰ٣ʿʮꡰһһţɶ 
ԡʱ塱ټѵӣǿְţ 
ҽڼλκרȨżȥְԪꡰһһꡱ 
ʧأξԣʵȨ˹ѲУУ 
ȣˣͬأᱻκԩɱС빡 
谸̩Ԫꡰһ0ꡱڼλز˾ʼҩ̫ 
кҩ硣ةƽ裬Գɷڷἴʱ 
ָ֣ʹ¶ۣǲϾǲκרʱ 
ߪܶˡ 
Сһ߶һꡱӦɽˣ 
棬Ŵ顣ʿ󸱶ʷꡰһꡱ赯κͶʮ 
ΪκݣСС鼯 
Ŭࡰһšһꡱ̫棬հ¾ޣ塣⣬ 
Ϊڽʡ±ؾָʹʮڣŮķչ 
ͳһơһһ˰ͳһݸΪ£ 
٣ǿڵľùϵֺϲɻĺͳɽĶ 
ͳһдƶȺġʮꡰһһꡱ𣬳ƽ 
ɶԪʮꡰһꡱǨԶ 
ǡΪԬܣˣüȥͳһŮڷչҪ 
ã峯׷Ϊ̫ڡ 
⶷һ塪һꡱͩǡաˣֱ 
ͬٽʿʷʱڱˮᳫֵꡰһꡱ 
ݶʷκͣ¡κʮն꣬ͬ 
ݣС 
Ԭһġһ0ꡱ¼ҡԪأ㶫ݸˡʿ 
ꡰһꡱأƣɡԶ˳ǡȳǣ 
λ塱ĽԶݣŬɶѲ 
ݣִ̫ܶȥԱ飬ʦɡꡰһţ 
Ƶű볤ǣΧҹԮзƣɱ֮ 
롰ԼһߡԼһꡱδաˣԲʱ 
κͣʱϾʱʿӢִα飬붫֣Ϊ 
Сή壬ӹϼСӼ㡱ȴ档 
޳㡰һꡱˣʿ󸽶֣ܣꡰһ 
ꡱ̰۸ְ˼κͣΪӣıݺֵˡӴΪ˵ 
ףʷ弴λְΣ˶ 
ҡһһꡱӱˣ 
ꡰһꡱα龭Լɣ꣬޳ǱʮΪκ 
żȥְꡰһꡱͨݣɽأոƽ񻯵ȵأ 
ְʮһؼҿսɱ 
һһꡱաˣƴӣʿ 
ʱʷ򷴶κְͣܳԺѧʱơ 
ˡΪֵ֮һκ߹޳ͶˮС顱 
г롰һһꡱ鹽ϰˣźţʿʱα 
ܶϣɽ¡ְѹũμܶ 
ʮꡰһһꡱʰܱʮսɽϡܣ 
塣˳Ԫꡰһꡱ˹أϾܶѹ 
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