mkvextract -- извличане на медийни пътечки (tracks) от Matroska(tm) файлове в други файлове

# 1. Резюме

mkvextract {source-filename} {mode1} options extraction-spec1 mode2 options extraction-spec2 …

# 2. Описание

Тази програма извлича отделни части от даден Matroska(tm) файл в други полезни формати. Първият аргумент е името на файла източник, който задължително трябва да е Matroska(tm) файл.

All other arguments either switch to a certain extraction mode, change options for the currently active mode or specify what to extract into which file. Multiple modes can be used in the same invocation of mkvextract allowing the extraction of multiple things in a single pass. Most options can only be used in certain modes with a few options applying to all modes.

Към момента се поддържа извличането на медийни пътечки (tracks), тагове, прикачени файлове, епизоди (chapters), CUE sheets, времеви клейма (timestamps) и cues.

## 2.1. Общи опции

Следващите опции са налични във всички режими и са описани само веднъж в тази секция.

Option | Description
--- | ---
-f, --parse-fully | Sets the parse mode to 'full'. The default mode does not parse the whole file but uses the meta seek elements for locating the required elements of a source file. In 99% of all cases this is enough. But for files that do not contain meta seek elements or which are damaged the user might have to use this mode. A full scan of a file can take a couple of minutes while a fast scan only takes seconds.
--command-line-charset набор-от-символи | Sets the character set to convert strings given on the command line from. It defaults to the character set given by system's current locale.
--output-charset набор-от-символи | Sets the character set to which strings are converted that are to be output. It defaults to the character set given by system's current locale.
-r, --redirect-output име на файла | Writes all messages to the file file-name instead of to the console. While this can be done easily with output redirection there are cases in which this option is needed: when the terminal reinterprets the output before writing it to a file. The character set set with --output-charset is honored.
--flush-on-close | Tells the program to flush all data cached in memory to storage when closing files opened for writing. This can be used to prevent data loss on power outages or to circumvent certain problems in the operating system or drivers. The downside is that multiplexing will take longer as mkvmerge will wait until all data has been written to the storage before exiting. See issues #2469 and #2480 on the MKVToolNix bug tracker for in-depth discussions on the pros and cons.
--ui-language код | Forces the translations for the language code to be used (e.g. 'de_DE' for the German translations). Entering 'list' as the code will cause the program to output a list of available translations.
--abort-on-warnings | Казва на програмата да прекрати работа непосредствено след появата на първото предупреждение. Изходният код на програмата ще бъде 1.
--debug тема | Включи дебъгването за конкретна функция. Тази опция е полезна само за разработчици.
--engage функция | Включване на експериментални функции. Списък с наличните функции може да бъде поискан с mkvextract --engage list. По принцип тези функции не са предназначени за използване при нормални обстоятелства.
--gui-mode | Turns on GUI mode. In this mode specially-formatted lines may be output that can tell a controlling GUI what's happening. These messages follow the format '#GUI#message'. The message may be followed by key/value pairs as in '#GUI#message#key1=value1#key2=value2…'. Neither the messages nor the keys are ever translated and always output in English.
-v, --verbose | Be verbose and show all the important Matroska(tm) elements as they're read.
-h, --help | Покажи информацията за употребата и излез.
-V, --version | Покажи информация за версията и излез.
@файл-с-опции.json | Reads additional command line arguments from the file options-file. For a full explanation on the supported formats for such files see the section called "Option files" in the mkvmerge(1) man page.

## 2.2. Режим за извличане на медийни пътечки (tracks)

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename tracks [options] TID1:dest-filename1 [TID2:dest-filename2 ...]

The following command line options are available for each track in the 'tracks' extraction mode. They have to appear in front of the track specification (see below) they should be applied to.

Option | Description
--- | ---
-c набор-от-символи | Sets the character set to convert the next text subtitle track to. Only valid if the next track ID targets a text subtitle track. It defaults to UTF-8.
--blockadd ниво | Keep only the BlockAdditions up to this level. The default is to keep all levels. This option only affects certain kinds of codecs like WAVPACK4.
--cuesheet | Causes mkvextract(1) to extract a CUE sheet from the chapter information and tag data for the following track into a file whose name is the track's output name with '.cue' appended to it.
--raw | Extracts the raw data into a file without any container data around it. Unlike the --fullraw flag this flag does not cause the contents of the CodecPrivate element to be written to the file. This mode works with all CodecIDs, even the ones that mkvextract(1) doesn't support otherwise, but the resulting files might not be usable.
--fullraw | Extracts the raw data into a file without any container data around it. The contents of the CodecPrivate element will be written to the file first if the track contains such a header element. This mode works with all CodecIDs, even the ones that mkvextract(1) doesn't support otherwise, but the resulting files might not be usable.
TID:outname | Causes extraction of the track with the ID TID into the file outname if such a track exists in the source file. This option can be given multiple times. The track IDs are the same as the ones output by mkvmerge(1)'s --identify option. Each output name should be used only once. The exception are RealAudio and RealVideo tracks. If you use the same name for different tracks then those tracks will be saved in the same file. Example:
    $ mkvextract input.mkv tracks 0:video.h264 2:output-two-vobsub-tracks.idx 3:output-two-vobsub-tracks.idx

## 2.3. Режим за извличане на прикачени файлове

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename attachments [options] AID1:outname1 [AID2:outname2 ...]

Option | Description
--- | ---
AID:outname | Causes extraction of the attachment with the ID AID into the file outname if such an attachment exists in the source file. If the outname is left empty then the name of the attachment inside the source Matroska(tm) file is used instead. This option can be given multiple times. The attachment IDs are the same as the ones output by mkvmerge(1)'s --identify option.

## 2.4. Режим за извличане на епизоди (chapters)

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename chapters [options] output-filename.xml

Option | Description
--- | ---
-s, --simple | Exports the chapter information in the simple format used in the OGM tools (CHAPTER01=..., CHAPTER01NAME=...). In this mode some information has to be discarded. Default is to output the chapters in XML format.
--simple-language language | If the simple format is enabled then mkvextract(1) will only output a single entry for each chapter atom encountered even if a chapter atom contains more than one chapter name. By default mkvextract(1) will use the first chapter name found for each atom regardless of its language. Using this option allows the user to determine which chapter names are output if atoms contain more than one chapter name. The language parameter must be an ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2 code.

The chapters are written to specified output file. By default the XML format understood by mkvmerge(1) is used. If no chapters are found in the file, the output file is not created.

## 2.5. Режим за извличане на тагове

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename tags [options] output-filename.xml

The tags are written to specified output file in the XML format understood by mkvmerge(1). If no tags are found in the file, the output file is not created.

## 2.6. Cue sheet extraction mode

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename cuesheet [options] output-filename.cue

The cue sheet is written to specified output file. If no chapters or tags are found in the file, the output file is not created.

## 2.7. Режим за извличане на времево клеймо

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename timestamps_v2 [options] TID1:dest-filename1 [TID2:dest-filename2 ...]

Option | Description
--- | ---
TID:outname | Causes extraction of the timestamps for the track with the ID TID into the file outname if such a track exists in the source file. This option can be given multiple times. The track IDs are the same as the ones output by mkvmerge(1)'s --identify option. Пример:
    $ mkvextract input.mkv timestamps_v2 1:ts-track1.txt 2:ts-track2.txt

## 2.8. Cues extraction mode

Синтаксис: mkvextract source-filename cues [options] TID1:dest-filename1 [TID2:dest-filename2 ...]

Option | Description
--- | ---
TID:dest-filename | Causes extraction of the cues for the track with the ID TID into the file outname if such a track exists in the source file. This option can be given multiple times. The track IDs are the same as the ones output by mkvmerge(1)'s --identify option and not the numbers contained in the CueTrack element.

The format output is a simple text format: one line per CuePoint element with key=value pairs. If an optional element is not present in a CuePoint (e.g. CueDuration) then a dash will be output as the value.

Пример:

    timestamp=00:00:13.305000000 duration=- cluster_position=757741 relative_position=11

Възможните ключове са:

Option | Description
--- | ---
времево клеймо | The cue point's timestamp with nanosecond precision. The format is HH:MM:SS.nnnnnnnnn. This element is always set.
времетраене | The cue point's duration with nanosecond precision. The format is HH:MM:SS.nnnnnnnnn.
cluster_position | The absolute position in bytes inside the Matroska(tm) file where the cluster containing the referenced element starts. Note: Inside the Matroska(tm) file the CueClusterPosition is relative to the segment's data start offset. The value output by mkvextract(1)'s cue extraction mode, however, contains that offset already and is an absolute offset from the beginning of the file.
relative_position | The relative position in bytes inside the cluster where the BlockGroup or SimpleBlock element the cue point refers to starts. Note: Inside the Matroska(tm) file the CueRelativePosition is relative to the cluster's data start offset. The value output by mkvextract(1)'s cue extraction mode, however, is relative to the cluster's ID. The absolute position inside the file can be calculated by adding cluster_position and relative_position.

Пример:

    $ mkvextract input.mkv cues 1:cues-track1.txt 2:cues-track2.txt

# 3. Примери

Едновременно извличане на епизоди (chapters) и тагове в съответните XML формати:

    $ mkvextract movie.mkv chapters movie-chapters.xml tags movie-tags.xml

Едновременно извличане на няколко медийни пътечки (trakcs) и съответните им времеви клейма (timestamps):

    $ mkvextract "Another Movie.mkv" tracks 0:video.h265 "1:main audio.aac" "2:director's comments.aac" timestamps_v2 "0:timestamps video.txt" "1:timestamps main audio.txt" "2:timestamps director's comments.txt"

Extracting chapters in the Ogg/OGM format and re-encoding a text subtitle track to another character set:

    $ mkvextract "My Movie.mkv" chapters --simple "My Chapters.txt" tracks -c MS-ANSI "2:My Subtitles.srt"

# 4. Текстови файлове и конвертирания на набори от символи

For an in-depth discussion about how all tools in the MKVToolNix suite handle character set conversions, input/output encoding, command line encoding and console encoding please see the identically-named section in the mkvmerge(1) man page.

# 5. Файлови разширения на изходните файлове

Какво ще е файловото разширение се определя от типа на медийната пътечка, а не от разширението, използвано в името на изходния файл. Към момента се поддържат следните типове медийни-писни (tracks):

Option | Description
--- | ---
A_AAC/MPEG2/*, A_AAC/MPEG4/*, A_AAC | Всички AAC файлове ще бъдат комбинирани в AAC файл с ADTS headers преди всеки пакет. ADTS headers няма да съдържат остарялото акцентиращо поле.
A_AC3, A_EAC3 | Тези ще бъдат извлечени като сурови AC-3 файлове.
A_ALAC | Медийните пътечки от тип „ALAC“ се записват в CAF файлове.
A_DTS | Тези ще бъдат извлечени като сурови DTS файлове.
A_FLAC | Медийните пътечки от тип „FLAC“ се записват като сурови FLAC файлове.
A_MPEG/L2 | Стриймовете от тип „MPEG-1 Audio Layer II“ ще бъдат извлечени като сурови MP2 файлове.
A_MPEG/L3 | Тези ще бъдат извлечени като сурови MP3 файлове.
A_OPUS | Медийните пътечки от тип „Opus(tm)“ се записват в OggOpus(tm) файлове.
A_PCM/INT/LIT, A_PCM/INT/BIG | Необработените PCM аудиоданни ще бъдат записани в WAV файл. Междувременно целочислените big-endian данни ще бъдат конвертирани в little-endian данни.
A_REAL/* | Медийните пътечки от тип „RealAudio(tm)“ се записват в RealMedia(tm) файлове.
A_TRUEHD, A_MLP | Тези ще бъдат извлечени като сурови TrueHD/MLP файлове.
A_TTA1 | TrueAudio(tm) tracks are written to TTA files. Please note that due to Matroska(tm)'s limited timestamp precision the extracted file's header will be different regarding two fields: data_length (the total number of samples in the file) and the CRC.
A_VORBIS | Vorbis аудио ще бъде записано в OggVorbis(tm) файл.
A_WAVPACK4 | WavPack(tm) пътечки се записват в WV файлове.
S_HDMV/PGS | PGS субтитрите ще бъдат записани като SUP файлове.
S_HDMV/TEXTST | TextST субтитрите ще бъдат записани в специален файлов формат, измислен специално за mkvmerge(1) и mkvextract(1).
S_KATE | Kate(tm) стриймовете ще бъдат записани в Ogg(tm) контейнер.
S_TEXT/SSA, S_TEXT/ASS, S_SSA, S_ASS | SSA и ASS текстови субтитри ще бъдат записани съответно като SSA/ASS файлове.
S_TEXT/UTF8, S_TEXT/ASCII | Обикновените текстови субтитри ще бъдат записани като SRT файлове.
S_VOBSUB | VobSub(tm) субтитрите ще бъдат записани като SUB файлове заедно със съответните индексни файлове, от рода на IDX.
S_TEXT/USF | USF текстовите субтитри ще бъдат записани като USF файлове.
S_TEXT/WEBVTT | WebVTT текстовите субтитри ще бъдат записани като WebVTT файлове.
V_MPEG1, V_MPEG2 | MPEG-1 и MPEG-2 видеопътечките ще бъдат записани като MPEG elementary streams.
V_MPEG4/ISO/AVC | H.264 / AVC video tracks are written to H.264 elementary streams which can be processed further with e.g. MP4Box(tm) from the GPAC(tm) package.
V_MPEG4/ISO/HEVC | H.265 / HEVC video tracks are written to H.265 elementary streams which can be processed further with e.g. MP4Box(tm) from the GPAC(tm) package.
V_MS/VFW/FOURCC | Fixed FPS video tracks with this CodecID are written to AVI files.
V_REAL/* | RealVideo(tm) пътечките се записват като RealMedia(tm) файлове.
V_THEORA | Theora(tm) стриймовете биват записани в Ogg(tm) контейнер
V_VP8, V_VP9 | VP8 / VP9 пътечките се записват като IVF файлове.
Тагове | Tags are converted to a XML format. This format is the same that mkvmerge(1) supports for reading tags.
Прикачени файлове | Прикачените файлове се извличат както са си. Не се случва никакво преформатиране или от сорта.
Епизоди (chapters) | Chapters are converted to a XML format. This format is the same that mkvmerge(1) supports for reading chapters. Alternatively a stripped-down version can be output in the simple OGM style format.
Времеви клейма (timestamps) | Timestamps are first sorted and then output as a timestamp v2 format compliant file ready to be fed to mkvmerge(1). The extraction to other formats (v1, v3 and v4) is not supported.

# 6. Кодове за изход

mkvextract(1) завършва с един от следните три изходни кода:

- 0 -- Този изходен код означава, че извличането е завършило успешно.

- 1 -- In this case mkvextract(1) has output at least one warning, but extraction did continue. A warning is prefixed with the text 'Warning:'. Depending on the issues involved the resulting files might be ok or not. The user is urged to check both the warning and the resulting files.

- 2 -- This exit code is used after an error occurred. mkvextract(1) aborts right after outputting the error message. Error messages range from wrong command line arguments over read/write errors to broken files.

# 7. Променливи на средата

mkvextract(1) uses the default variables that determine the system's locale (e.g. LANG and the LC_* family). Additional variables:

Option | Description
--- | ---
MKVEXTRACT_DEBUG, MKVTOOLNIX_DEBUG and its short form MTX_DEBUG | Съдържанието се третира като все едно че е минало през --debug опцията.
MKVEXTRACT_ENGAGE, MKVTOOLNIX_ENGAGE and its short form MTX_ENGAGE | Съдържанието се третира като все едно че е минало през --engage опцията.

# 8. Виж също

mkvmerge(1), mkvinfo(1), mkvpropedit(1), mkvtoolnix-gui(1)

# 9. Уебсайт

Най-новата версия винаги може да бъде намерена на началната страница на MKVToolNix.