Japanese document

# Description of Exif file format

Currently, most of new digicam use Exif file format to store images. This specification was made by JEIDA, but there is no open document in internet. So I made tiny description about Exif from some of open documents that can get from internet.
Add: Now we can get official document of Exif2.1 from PIMA's website.
ISO is now working to build DCF (Design rule for Camera File system) Specification. The entire digicam manufacturer is moving to adopt it and their newest digicam already uses DCF. DCF defines whole file-system of digicam; directory structure, file naming method, character set and file format etc. The file format of DCF is based on Exif2.1 specification.
I believe this document is basically based on Exif2.1/DCF specification, if you have information about 'unknown' item or find errata, please e-mail me, TsuruZoh Tachibanaya , t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a k . c o m
This is a FREE document, you may use this document for any purpose (commercial/non-commercial) of all/part of this document. All trade names mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

TsuruZoh Tachibanaya, t s u r u z o h @ b a . w a k w a k . c o m
http://park2.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/
rev. 1.4 Feb.03,2001
rev. 1.3 Sep.09,2000
rev. 1.2 Jul.19,2000
rev. 1.1 Dec.19,1999
rev. 1.0 May.28,1999

## Referenced materials

Exif file format written by itojun (Japanese language document)
Exif file format written by Mamoru Ohno (Japanese language document)
TIFF6.0 Specification written by Adobe
TIFF/EP Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
exifdump program written by Thierry Boush
DCF Specification written by ISO TC42 WG18
Exif2.1 Specification written by JEIDA

- What is Exif format?
- JPEG format and Marker
- Marker used by Exif
- Exif data structure
  - TIFF Header
  - IFD : Image file directory
  - Data format
  - IFD data structure
  - Thumbnail image
    - JPEG format thumnail
    - TIFF format thumbnail
- Tag number used by Exif/TIFF
  - IFD0 (IFD of main image) section
  - Exif SubIFD section
  - IFD1 (IFD of thumbnail image) section
  - Misc Tags
- Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus digicams
- Appendix 2: MakerNote of Nikon digicams
- Appendix 3: MakerNote of Casio digicams
- Appendix 4: MakerNote of Fujifilm digicams
- Appendix 5: MakerNote of Canon digicams
- History
- Acknowledgement

## What is Exif file format?

Basically, Exif file format is the same as JPEG file format. Exif inserts some of image/digicam information data and thumbnail image to JPEG in conformity to JPEG specification. Therefore you can view Exif format image files by JPEG compliant Internet browser/Picture viewer/Photo retouch software etc. as a usual JPEG image files.

## JPEG format and Marker

Every JPEG file starts from binary value '0xFFD8', ends by binary value '0xFFD9'. There are several binary 0xFFXX data in JPEG data, they are called as "Marker", and it means the period of JPEG information data. 0xFFD8 means SOI(Start of image), 0xFFD9 means EOI(End of image). These two special Markers have no data following, the other Markers have data with it. Basic format of Marker is below.
0xFF+Marker Number(1 byte)+Data size(2 bytes)+Data(n bytes)
Data size(2 Bytes) has "Motorola" byte align, starts from bigger digits. Please notice that "Data" contains Data size descriptor, if there is a Marker like this;
FF C1 00 0C
It means this Marker(0xFFC1) has 0x000C(equal 12)bytes of data. But the data size '12' includes "Data size" descriptor, it follows only 10 bytes of data after 0x000C.
In JPEG format, some of Markers describe data, then SOS(Start of stream) Marker placed. After the SOS marker, JPEG image stream starts and terminated by EOI Marker.

SOI Marker | Marker XX size=SSSS | Marker YY size=TTTT | SOS Marker size=UUUU | Image stream | EOI Marker
FFD8 | FFXX | SSSS | DDDD...... | FFYY | TTTT | DDDD...... | FFDA | UUUU | DDDD.... | I I I I.... | FFD9

## Marker used by Exif

The marker 0xFFE0~0xFFEF is named "Application Marker", not necessary for decoding JPEG image. They are used by user application. For example, older olympus/canon/casio/agfa digicam use JFIF(JPEG File Interchange Format) for storing images. JFIF uses APP0(0xFFE0) Marker for inserting digicam configuration data and thumbnail image.
Also Exif uses an Application Marker for inserting data, but Exif uses APP1(0xFFE1) Marker to avoid a conflict with JFIF format. Every Exif file formats starts from this format;

SOI Marker | APP1 Marker | APP1 Data | Other Marker
FFD8 | FFE1 | SSSS 457869660000 TTTT...... | FFXX SSSS DDDD......

It starts from SOI(0xFFD8) Marker, so it's a JPEG file. Then APP1 Marker follows immediately. All the data of Exif are stored in this APP1 data area. The part of "SSSS" on upper table means the size of APP1 data area (Exif data area). Please notice that the size "SSSS" includes the size of descriptor itself also.
After the "SSSS", APP1 data starts. The first part is a special data to identify whether Exif or not, ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00 are used.
After the APP1 Marker area, the other JPEG Markers follows.

## Exif data structure

Roughly structure of Exif data (APP1) is shown as below. This is a case of "Intel" byte aligns and it contains JPEG format thumbnail. As described above, Exif data is starts from ASCII character "Exif" and 2bytes of 0x00, and then Exif data follows. Exif uses TIFF format to store data. For more details of TIFF format, please refer to "TIFF6.0 specification".

FFE1 | APP1 Marker
SSSS | APP1 Data | APP1 Data Size
45786966 0000 | Exif Header
49492A00 08000000 | TIFF Header
XXXX. . . . | IFD0 (main image) | Directory
LLLLLLLL | Link to IFD1
XXXX. . . . | Data area of IFD0
XXXX. . . . |  | Exif SubIFD | Directory
00000000 | End of Link
XXXX. . . . | Data area of Exif SubIFD
XXXX. . . . |  | Interoperability IFD | Directory
00000000 | End of Link
XXXX. . . . | Data area of Interoperability IFD
XXXX. . . . | Makernote IFD | Directory
00000000 | End of Link
XXXX. . . . | Data area of Makernote IFD
XXXX. . . . | IFD1(thumbnail image) | Directory
00000000 | End of Link
XXXX. . . . | Data area of IFD1
FFD8XXXX. . . XXXXFFD9 | Thumbnail image

### Structure of TIFF header

First 8bytes of TIFF format are TIFF header. First 2bytes defines byte align of TIFF data. If it is 0x4949="I I", it means "Intel" type byte align. If it is 0x4d4d="MM", it means "Motorola" type byte align. For example, value '305,419,896' is noted as 0x12345678 by sixteenth system. At the Motorola align, it is stored as 0x12,0x34,0x56,0x78. If it's Intel align, it is stored as 0x78,0x56,0x34,0x12. It seems that most of digicam uses Intel align. Ricoh uses Motorola align. Sony uses Intel align except D700. Kodak DC200/210/240 use Motorola aligns, but DC220/260 use Intel aligns though they are using PowerPC! Therefore when we need the value of Exif data, we MUST check byte align every time. Though JPEG data uses Motorola align only, Exif allows both alignments. I can't understand why Exif didn't fix a byte align to Motorola.
Next 2bytes are always 2bytes-length value of 0x002A. If the data uses Intel align, next 2bytes are "0x2a,0x00". If it uses Motorola, they are "0x00,0x2a". The last 4bytes of TIFF header are an offset to the first IFD(Image File Directory, described in next chapter). Includes this offset, all the offset value used in TIFF format counts offset bytes from the first of TIFF header("I I" or "MM"). Usually the first IFD starts immediately next to TIFF header, so this offset has value '0x00000008'.

Byte align | TAG Mark | Offset to first IFD
"I I" or "MM" | 0x002a | 0x00000008

### IFD : Image file directory

Next to TIFF header, there is the first IFD:Image File Directory. It contains image information data. At the chart below, the first 2bytes('EEEE') means the number of directory entry contains in this IFD. Then directory entry (12bytes per entry) follows. After last directory entry, there is a 4bytes of data('LLLLLLLL' at the chart), it means an offset to next IFD. If its value is '0x00000000', it means this is the last IFD and there is no linked IFD.

EEEE | No. of directory entry
TTTT | ffff | NNNNNNNN | DDDDDDDD | Entry 0
TTTT | ffff | NNNNNNNN | DDDDDDDD | Entry 1
. . . . . . . . . | . . . . . .
TTTT | ffff | NNNNNNNN | DDDDDDDD | Entry EEEE-1
LLLLLLLL | Offset to next IFD

'TTTT'(2bytes) of above chart is Tag number, this shows a kind of data. 'ffff'(2bytes) is data format, 'NNNNNNNN'(4bytes) is number of components. 'DDDDDDDD'(4bytes) contains a data value or offset to data value.

### Data format

Data format ('ffff' at the above chart) is defined as below. "rational" means a fractional value, it contains 2-signed/unsigned long integer values, and the first represents the numerator, and the second, the denominator.

Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6
Format | unsigned byte | ascii strings | unsigned short | unsigned long | unsigned rational | signed byte
Bytes/component | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 1
Value | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12
Format | undefined | signed short | signed long | signed rational | single float | double float
Bytes/component | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 8

You can get the total data byte length by multiplies a 'bytes/components' value (see above chart) by number of components stored 'NNNNNNNN' area. If total data length is less than 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the value of that Tag. If its size is over 4bytes, 'DDDDDDDD' contains the offset to data stored address.

### IFD data structure

At Exif format, the first IFD is IFD0(IFD of main image), then it links to IFD1(IFD of thumbnail image) and IFD link is terminated. But IFD0/IFD1 doesn't contain any digicam's information such as shutter speed, focal length etc. IFD0 always contains special Tag Exif Offset (0x8769), it shows an offset to Exif SubIFD. Exif SubIFD is IFD formatted data also, it contains digicam's information.
In case of Extended Exif format (Exif2.1/DCF), Exif SubIFD contains special Tag Exif Interoperability Offset (0xa005). It also points to the Interoperability IFD. By the DCF specification, this tag is mandatory and both SubIFD (main image IFD) and IFD1 (thumbnail image IFD) may have Interoperability IFD. In usual, only main image have this tag.
And some of digicam uses IFD data format for Makernote; Maker-specific magic number area. It's very hard to decision whether makernote is IFD format or not, be careful to coding program. See Appendix for information of Makernote.

    0000: 49 49 2A 00 08 00 00 00-02 00 1A 01 05 00 01 00
    0010: 00 00 26 00 00 00 69 87-04 00 01 00 00 00 11 02
    0020: 00 00 40 00 00 00 48 00-00 00 01 00 00 00

If the first part of TIFF data is above, it can read as;

- The first 2bytes are "I I", byte align is 'Intel'.
- Address 0x0004~0x0007 is 0x08000000, IFD0 starts from address '0x0008'
- Address 0x0008~0x0009 is 0x0200, number of directory entry of IFD0 is '2'.
- Address 0x000a~0x000b is 0x1A01, it means this is an XResolution(0x011A) Tag, it contains a horizontal resolution of image.
- Address 0x000c~0x000d is 0x0500, format of this value is unsigned rational(0x0005).
- Address 0x000e~0x0011 is 0x01000000, number of components is '1'. Unsigned rational's data size is 8bytes/components, so total data length is 1x8=8bytes.
- Total data length is larger than 4bytes, so next 4bytes contains an offset to data.
- Address 0x0012~0x0015 is 0x26000000, XResolution data is stored to address 0x0026
- Address 0x0026~0x0029 is 0x48000000, numerator is 72, address 0x002a~0x002d is 0x0100000000, denominator is '1'. So the value of XResoultion is 72/1.
- Address0x0016~0x0017 is 0x6987, next Tag is ExifOffset(0x8769). Its value is an offset to Exif SubIFD
- Data format is 0x0004, unsigned long integer.
- This Tag has one component. Unsigned long integer's data size is 4bytes/components, so total data size is 4bytes.
- Total data size is equal to 4bytes, next 4bytes contains the value of Exif SubIFD offset.
- Address 0x001e~0x0021 is 0x11020000, Exif SubIFD starts from address '0x0211'.
- This is the last directory entry, next 4bytes shows an offset to next IFD.
- Address 0x0022~0x0025 is 0x40000000, next IFD starts from address '0x0040'

### Thumbnail image

Exif format contains thumbnail of image (except Ricoh RDC-300Z). Usually it is located next to the IFD1. There are 3 formats for thumbnails; JPEG format(JPEG uses YCbCr), RGB TIFF format, YCbCr TIFF format. It seems that JPEG format and 160x120 pixels of size are recommended thumbnail format for Exif2.1 or later. By the DCF specification, thumbnail image MUST use JPEG format and image size is fixed to 160x120 pixels.

#### JPEG format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '6', thumbnail image format is JPEG. Most of Exif image uses JPEG format for thumbnail. In that case, you can get offset of thumbnail from JpegIFOffset(0x0201) Tag in IFD1, size of thumbnail from JpegIFByteCount(0x0202) Tag. Data format is ordinary JPEG format, starts from 0xFFD8 and ends by 0xFFD9.

#### TIFF format thumbnail

If the value of Compression(0x0103) Tag in IFD1 is '1', thumbnail image format is no compression(called TIFF image). Start point of thumbnail data is StripOffset(0x0111) Tag, size of thumbnail is the sum of StripByteCounts(0x0117) Tag.
If thumbnail uses no compression and PhotometricInterpretation(0x0106)Tag in IFD1 has a value '2', thumbnail uses RGB format. In that case, you can see thumbnail image by simply copy data to computer's RGB format(such as BMP format, or copy to VRAM directory). Kodak DC-210/220/260 uses this format. Be mention that at TIFF stores pixel data as 'RGB' order, but BMP stores 'BGR' order.
If that tag has a value '6', thumbnail uses YCbCr format. If you want to see thumbnail, you must convert it to RGB. Ricoh RDC4200/4300, Fuji DS-7/300 and DX-5/7/9 use this format(newer RDC5000/MX-X00 series use JPEG). Next section is brief description to conversion of Fuji DS's thumbnail. For more details, refer to TIFF6.0 specification.
At DX-5/7/9, YCbCrSubsampling(0x0212) has values of '2,1', PlanarConfiguration(0x011c) has a value '1'. So the data align of this image is below.
Y(0,0),Y(1,0),Cb(0,0),Cr(0,0), Y(2,0),Y(3,0),Cb(2,0),Cr(3.0), Y(4,0),Y(5,0),Cb(4,0),Cr(4,0). . . .
The numeric in parenthesis is pixel coordinates. DX series' YCbCrCoefficients(0x0211) has values '0.299/0.587/0.114', ReferenceBlackWhite(0x0214) has values '0,255,128,255,128,255'. Therefore to convert from Y/Cb/Cr to RGB is;
B(0,0)=(Cb-128)*(2-0.114*2)+Y(0,0)
R(0,0)=(Cr-128)*(2-0.299*2)+Y(0,0)
G(0,0)=(Y(0,0)-0.114*B(0,0)-0.299*R(0,0))/0.587
Horizontal subsampling is a value '2', so you can calculate B(1,0)/R(1,0)/G(1,0) by using the Y(1,0) and Cr(0,0)/Cb(0,0). Repeat this conversion by value of ImageWidth(0x0100) and ImageLength(0x0101).

## Tag number used by Exif/TIFF

Tag numbers used by Exif/TIFF are shown as below. If the Tag has upper limit of components number, CompoNo column has numeric value. If it has no value, there is no limitation.

Tags used by IFD0 (main image)
Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Desc.
0x010e | ImageDescription | ascii string |  | Describes image. Two-byte character code such as Chinese/Korean/Japanese cannot be used.
0x010f | Make | ascii string |  | Shows manufacturer of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.
0x0110 | Model | ascii string |  | Shows model number of digicam. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.
0x0112 | Orientation | unsigned short | 1 |
Value | 0th Row | 0th Column
1 | top | left side
2 | top | right side
3 | bottom | right side
4 | bottom | left side
5 | left side | top
6 | right side | top
7 | right side | bottom
8 | left side | bottom
The orientation of the camera relative to the scene, when the image was captured. The relation of the '0th row' and '0th column' to visual position is shown as right.
0x011a | XResolution | unsigned rational | 1 | Display/Print resolution of image. Default value is 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.
0x011b | YResolution | unsigned rational | 1
0x0128 | ResolutionUnit | unsigned short | 1 | Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means no-unit, '2' means inch, '3' means centimeter. Default value is '2'(inch).
0x0131 | Software | ascii string |  | Shows firmware(internal software of digicam) version number.
0x0132 | DateTime | ascii string | 20 | Date/Time of image was last modified. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In usual, it has the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003)
0x013e | WhitePoint | unsigned rational | 2 | Defines chromaticity of white point of the image. If the image uses CIE Standard Illumination D65(known as international standard of 'daylight'), the values are '3127/10000,3290/10000'.
0x013f | PrimaryChromaticities | unsigned rational | 6 | Defines chromaticity of the primaries of the image. If the image uses CCIR Recommendation 709 primaries, values are '640/1000,330/1000,300/1000,600/1000,150/1000,0/1000'.
0x0211 | YCbCrCoefficients | unsigned rational | 3 | When image format is YCbCr, this value shows a constant to translate it to RGB format. In usual, values are '0.299/0.587/0.114'.
0x0213 | YCbCrPositioning | unsigned short | 1 | When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), defines the chroma sample point of subsampling pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point.
0x0214 | ReferenceBlackWhite | unsigned rational | 6 | Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.
0x8298 | Copyright | ascii string |  | Shows copyright information
0x8769 | ExifOffset | unsigned long | 1 | Offset to Exif Sub IFD

Tags used by Exif SubIFD
Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Desc.
0x829a | ExposureTime | unsigned rational | 1 | Exposure time (reciprocal of shutter speed). Unit is second.
0x829d | FNumber | unsigned rational | 1 | The actual F-number(F-stop) of lens when the image was taken.
0x8822 | ExposureProgram | unsigned short | 1 | Exposure program that the camera used when image was taken. '1' means manual control, '2' program normal, '3' aperture priority, '4' shutter priority, '5' program creative (slow program), '6' program action(high-speed program), '7' portrait mode, '8' landscape mode.
0x8827 | ISOSpeedRatings | unsigned short | 2 | CCD sensitivity equivalent to Ag-Hr film speedrate.
0x9000 | ExifVersion | undefined | 4 | Exif version number. Stored as 4bytes of ASCII character. If the picture is based on Exif V2.1, value is "0210". Since the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination.
0x9003 | DateTimeOriginal | ascii string | 20 | Date/Time of original image taken. This value should not be modified by user program. Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.
0x9004 | DateTimeDigitized | ascii string | 20 | Date/Time of image digitized. Usually, it contains the same value of DateTimeOriginal(0x9003). Data format is "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS"+0x00, total 20bytes. If clock has not set or digicam doesn't have clock, the field may be filled with spaces. In the Exif standard, this tag is optional, but it is mandatory for DCF.
0x9101 | ComponentsConfiguration | undefined |  | Shows the order of pixel data. Most of case '0x04,0x05,0x06,0x00' is used for RGB-format and '0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00' for YCbCr-format. 0x00:does not exist, 0x01:Y, 0x02:Cb, 0x03:Cr, 0x04:Red, 0x05:Green, 0x06:Bllue.
0x9102 | CompressedBitsPerPixel | unsigned rational | 1 | The average compression ratio of JPEG (rough estimate).
0x9201 | ShutterSpeedValue | signed rational | 1 | Shutter speed by APEX value. To convert this value to ordinary 'Shutter Speed'; calculate this value's power of 2, then reciprocal. For example, if the ShutterSpeedValue is '4', shutter speed is 1/(24)=1/16 second.
0x9202 | ApertureValue | unsigned rational | 1 | The actual aperture value of lens when the image was taken. Unit is APEX. To convert this value to ordinary F-number(F-stop), calculate this value's power of root 2 (=1.4142). For example, if the ApertureValue is '5', F-number is 1.41425 = F5.6.
0x9203 | BrightnessValue | signed rational | 1 | Brightness of taken subject, unit is APEX. To calculate Exposure(Ev) from BrigtnessValue(Bv), you must add SensitivityValue(Sv). Ev=Bv+Sv Sv=log2(ISOSpeedRating/3.125) ISO100:Sv=5, ISO200:Sv=6, ISO400:Sv=7, ISO125:Sv=5.32.
0x9204 | ExposureBiasValue | signed rational | 1 | Exposure bias(compensation) value of taking picture. Unit is APEX(EV).
0x9205 | MaxApertureValue | unsigned rational | 1 | Maximum aperture value of lens. You can convert to F-number by calculating power of root 2 (same process of ApertureValue:0x9202).
0x9206 | SubjectDistance | signed rational | 1 | Distance to focus point, unit is meter.
0x9207 | MeteringMode | unsigned short | 1 | Exposure metering method. '0' means unknown, '1' average, '2' center weighted average, '3' spot, '4' multi-spot, '5' multi-segment, '6' partial, '255' other.
0x9208 | LightSource | unsigned short | 1 | Light source, actually this means white balance setting. '0' means unknown, '1' daylight, '2' fluorescent, '3' tungsten, '10' flash, '17' standard light A, '18' standard light B, '19' standard light C, '20' D55, '21' D65, '22' D75, '255' other.
0x9209 | Flash | unsigned short | 1 | '0' means flash did not fire, '1' flash fired, '5' flash fired but strobe return light not detected, '7' flash fired and strobe return light detected.
0x920a | FocalLength | unsigned rational | 1 | Focal length of lens used to take image. Unit is millimeter.
0x927c | MakerNote | undefined |  | Maker dependent internal data. Some of maker such as Olympus/Nikon/Sanyo etc. uses IFD format for this area.
0x9286 | UserComment | undefined |  | Stores user comment. This tag allows to use two-byte character code or unicode. First 8 bytes describe the character code. 'JIS' is a Japanese character code (known as Kanji). '0x41,0x53,0x43,0x49,0x49,0x00,0x00,0x00':ASCII '0x4a,0x49,0x53,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':JIS '0x55,0x4e,0x49,0x43,0x4f,0x44,0x45,0x00':Unicode '0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00':Undefined
0x9290 | SubsecTime | ascii string |  | Some of digicam can take 2~30 pictures per second, but DateTime/DateTimeOriginal/DateTimeDigitized tag can't record the sub-second time. SubsecTime tag is used to record it. For example, DateTimeOriginal = "1996:09:01 09:15:30", SubSecTimeOriginal = "130", Combined original time is "1996:09:01 09:15:30.130"
0x9291 | SubsecTimeOriginal | ascii string |
0x9292 | SubsecTimeDigitized | ascii string |
0xa000 | FlashPixVersion | undefined | 4 | Stores FlashPix version. If the image data is based on FlashPix formar Ver.1.0, value is "0100". Since the type is 'undefined', there is no NULL(0x00) for termination.
0xa001 | ColorSpace | unsigned short | 1 | Defines Color Space. DCF image must use sRGB color space so value is always '1'. If the picture uses the other color space, value is '65535':Uncalibrated.
0xa002 | ExifImageWidth | unsigned short/long | 1 | Size of main image.
0xa003 | ExifImageHeight | unsigned short/long | 1
0xa004 | RelatedSoundFile | ascii string |  | If this digicam can record audio data with image, shows name of audio data.
0xa005 | ExifInteroperabilityOffset | unsigned long | 1 | Extension of "ExifR98", detail is unknown. This value is offset to IFD format data. Currently there are 2 directory entries, first one is Tag0x0001, value is "R98", next is Tag0x0002, value is "0100".
0xa20e | FocalPlaneXResolution | unsigned rational | 1 | Pixel density at CCD's position. If you have MegaPixel digicam and take a picture by lower resolution(e.g.VGA mode), this value is re-sampled by picture resolution. In such case, FocalPlaneResolution is not same as CCD's actual resolution.
0xa20f | FocalPlaneYResolution | unsigned rational | 1
0xa210 | FocalPlaneResolutionUnit | unsigned short | 1 | Unit of FocalPlaneXResoluton/FocalPlaneYResolution. '1' means no-unit, '2' inch, '3' centimeter. Note:Some of Fujifilm's digicam(e.g.FX2700,FX2900,Finepix4700Z/40i etc) uses value '3' so it must be 'centimeter', but it seems that they use a '8.3mm?'(1/3in.?) to their ResolutionUnit. Fuji's BUG? Finepix4900Z has been changed to use value '2' but it doesn't match to actual value also.
0xa215 | ExposureIndex | unsigned rational | 1 | Same as ISOSpeedRatings(0x8827) but data type is unsigned rational. Only Kodak's digicam uses this tag instead of ISOSpeedRating, I don't know why(historical reason?).
0xa217 | SensingMethod | unsigned short | 1 | Shows type of image sensor unit. '2' means 1 chip color area sensor, most of all digicam use this type.
0xa300 | FileSource | undefined | 1 | Indicates the image source. Value '0x03' means the image source is digital still camera.
0xa301 | SceneType | undefined | 1 | Indicates the type of scene. Value '0x01' means that the image was directly photographed.
0xa302 | CFAPattern | undefined |  | Indicates the Color filter array(CFA) geometric pattern.
Length | Type | Meaning
2 | short | Horizontal repeat pixel unit = n
2 | short | Vertical repeat pixel unit = m
1 | byte | CFA value[0,0]
: | : | :
1 | byte | CFA value[n-1,0]
1 | byte | CFA value[0,1]
: | : | :
1 | byte | CFA value[n-1,m-1]
The relation of filter color to CFA value is shown below.
Filter Color | Red | Green | Blue | Cyan | Magenta | Yellow | White
CFA value | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6
R | G
G | B
For example, ordinary RGB filter uses the repetition of left chart, the value is '0x0002,0x0002,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x02'.

Tags used by Interoperability IFD
Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Desc.
0x0001 | InteroperabilityIndex | Ascii string | 4 | If this IFD is main image's IFD and the file content is equivalent to ExifR98 v1.0, the value is "R98". If thumbnail image's, value is "THM".
0x0002 | InteroperabilityVersion | Undefined | 4 | Records the interoperability version. "0100" means version 1.00.
0x1000 | RelatedImageFileFormat | Ascii string | any | Records the file format of image file. Value is ascii string (e.g. "Exif JPEG Ver. 2.1").
0x1001 | RelatedImageWidth | Short or Long | 1 | Records the image size.
0x1001 | RelatedImageLength | Short or Long | 1

Tags used by IFD1 (thumbnail image)
Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Desc.
0x0100 | ImageWidth | unsigned short/long | 1 | Shows size of thumbnail image.
0x0101 | ImageLength | unsigned short/long | 1
0x0102 | BitsPerSample | unsigned short | 3 | When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of bits per component for each pixel. Usually this value is '8,8,8'
0x0103 | Compression | unsigned short | 1 | Shows compression method. '1' means no compression, '6' means JPEG compression.
0x0106 | PhotometricInterpretation | unsigned short | 1 | Shows the color space of the image data components. '1' means monochrome, '2' means RGB, '6' means YCbCr.
0x0111 | StripOffsets | unsigned short/long |  | When image format is no compression, this value shows offset to image data. In some case image data is striped and this value is plural.
0x0115 | SamplesPerPixel | unsigned short | 1 | When image format is no compression, this value shows the number of components stored for each pixel. At color image, this value is '3'.
0x0116 | RowsPerStrip | unsigned short/long | 1 | When image format is no compression and image has stored as strip, this value shows how many rows stored to each strip. If image has not striped, this value is the same as ImageLength(0x0101).
0x0117 | StripByteConunts | unsigned short/long |  | When image format is no compression and stored as strip, this value shows how many bytes used for each strip and this value is plural. If image has not stripped, this value is single and means whole data size of image.
0x011a | XResolution | unsigned rational | 1 | Display/Print resolution of image. Large number of digicam uses 1/72inch, but it has no mean because personal computer doesn't use this value to display/print out.
0x011b | YResolution | unsigned rational | 1
0x011c | PlanarConfiguration | unsigned short | 1 | When image format is no compression YCbCr, this value shows byte aligns of YCbCr data. If value is '1', Y/Cb/Cr value is chunky format, contiguous for each subsampling pixel. If value is '2', Y/Cb/Cr value is separated and stored to Y plane/Cb plane/Cr plane format.
0x0128 | ResolutionUnit | unsigned short | 1 | Unit of XResolution(0x011a)/YResolution(0x011b). '1' means inch, '2' means centimeter.
0x0201 | JpegIFOffset | unsigned long | 1 | When image format is JPEG, this value show offset to JPEG data stored.
0x0202 | JpegIFByteCount | unsigned long | 1 | When image format is JPEG, this value shows data size of JPEG image.
0x0211 | YCbCrCoefficients | unsigned rational | 3 | When image format is YCbCr, this value shows constants to translate it to RGB format. In usual, '0.299/0.587/0.114' are used.
0x0212 | YCbCrSubSampling | unsigned short | 2 | When image format is YCbCr and uses subsampling(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value shows how many chroma data subsampled. First value shows horizontal, next value shows vertical subsample rate.
0x0213 | YCbCrPositioning | unsigned short | 1 | When image format is YCbCr and uses 'Subsampling'(cropping of chroma data, all the digicam do that), this value defines the chroma sample point of subsampled pixel array. '1' means the center of pixel array, '2' means the datum point(0,0).
0x0214 | ReferenceBlackWhite | unsigned rational | 6 | Shows reference value of black point/white point. In case of YCbCr format, first 2 show black/white of Y, next 2 are Cb, last 2 are Cr. In case of RGB format, first 2 show black/white of R, next 2 are G, last 2 are B.

Misc Tags
Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Desc.
0x00fe | NewSubfileType | unsigned long | 1 |
0x00ff | SubfileType | unsigned short | 1 |
0x012d | TransferFunction | unsigned short | 3 |
0x013b | Artist | ascii string |  |
0x013d | Predictor | unsigned short | 1 |
0x0142 | TileWidth | unsigned short | 1 |
0x0143 | TileLength | unsigned short | 1 |
0x0144 | TileOffsets | unsigned long |  |
0x0145 | TileByteCounts | unsigned short |  |
0x014a | SubIFDs | unsigned long |  |
0x015b | JPEGTables | undefined |  |
0x828d | CFARepeatPatternDim | unsigned short | 2 |
0x828e | CFAPattern | unsigned byte |  |
0x828f | BatteryLevel | unsigned rational | 1 |
0x83bb | IPTC/NAA | unsigned long |  |
0x8773 | InterColorProfile | undefined |  |
0x8824 | SpectralSensitivity | ascii string |  |
0x8825 | GPSInfo | unsigned long | 1 |
0x8828 | OECF | undefined |  |
0x8829 | Interlace | unsigned short | 1 |
0x882a | TimeZoneOffset | signed short | 1 |
0x882b | SelfTimerMode | unsigned short | 1 |
0x920b | FlashEnergy | unsigned rational | 1 |
0x920c | SpatialFrequencyResponse | undefined |  |
0x920d | Noise | undefined |  |
0x9211 | ImageNumber | unsigned long | 1 |
0x9212 | SecurityClassification | ascii string | 1 |
0x9213 | ImageHistory | ascii string |  |
0x9214 | SubjectLocation | unsigned short | 4 |
0x9215 | ExposureIndex | unsigned rational | 1 |
0x9216 | TIFF/EPStandardID | unsigned byte | 4 |
0xa20b | FlashEnergy | unsigned rational | 1 |
0xa20c | SpatialFrequencyResponse | unsigned short | 1 |
0xa214 | SubjectLocation | unsigned short | 1 |

## Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus Digicams

The data below is analyzed at Olympus D450Z(C-920Z) by Peter Esherick.
MakerNote of Olympus Digicam starts from ASCII string "OLYMP". Data format is the same as IFD, but it starts from offset 0x07. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

    :0000: 4F 4C 59 4D 50 00 01 00-0B 00 00 02 04 00 03 00  OLYMP...........
    :0010: 00 00 0E 04 00 00 01 02-03 00 01 00 00 00 03 00  ................

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
0x0200 | SpecialMode | Unsigned Long | 3 | Shows picture taking mode. First value means 0=normal, 1=unknown, 2=fast, 3=panorama. Second value means sequence number, third value means panorama direction, 1=left to right, 2=right to left, 3=bottom to top, 4=top to bottom.
0x0201 | JpegQual | Unsigned Short | 1 | Shows JPEG quality. 1=SQ,2=HQ,3=SHQ.
0x0202 | Macro | Unsigned Short | 1 | Shows Macro mode or not. 0=normal, 1=macro.
0x0203 | Unknown | Unsigned Short | 1 | Unknown
0x0204 | DigiZoom | Unsigned Rational | 1 | Shows Digital Zoom ratio. 0=normal, 2=digital 2x zoom.
0x0205 | Unknown | Unsigned Rational | 1 | Unknown
0x0206 | Unknown | Signed Short | 6 | Unknown
0x0207 | SoftwareRelease | Ascii string | 5 | Shows Firmware version.
0x0208 | PictInfo | Ascii string | 52 | Contains ASCII format data such as [PictureInfo]. This is the same data format of older Olympus digicam that not used Exif data format (C1400/C820/D620/D340 etc).
0x0209 | CameraID | Undefined | 32 | Contains CameraID data, which is user changeable by some utilities
0x0f00 | DataDump | Unsigned Long | 30 | Unknown

## Appendix 2: MakerNote of Nikon

There are 2 formats of Nikon's MakerNote. MakerNote of E700/E800/E900/E900S/E910/E950 starts from ASCII string "Nikon". Data format is the same as IFD, but it starts from offset 0x08. This is the same as Olympus except start string. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

    :0000: 4E 69 6B 6F 6E 00 01 00-05 00 02 00 02 00 06 00 Nikon...........
    :0010: 00 00 EC 02 00 00 03 00-03 00 01 00 00 00 06 00 ................

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
0x0002 | Unknown | Ascii string | 6 | Unknown. E900/E900S/E910:"09.41", others:"08.00".
0x0003 | Quality | Unsigned short | 1 | Shows quality setting. At E900, 1:VGA Basic, 2:VGA Normal, 3:VGA Fine, 4:SXGA Basic, 5:SXGA Normal, 6:SXGA Fine
0x0004 | Color Mode | Unsigned short | 1 | 1:Color, 2:Monochrome.
0x0005 | Image Adjustment | Unsigned short | 1 | 0:Normal, 1:Bright+, 2:Bright-, 3:Contrast+, 4:Contrast-.
0x0006 | CCD Sensitivity | Unsigned short | 1 | 0:ISO80, 2:ISO160, 4:ISO320, 5:ISO100
0x0007 | White balance | Unsigned short | 1 | 0:Auto, 1:Preset, 2:Daylight, 3:Incandescense, 4:Fluorescence, 5:Cloudy, 6:SpeedLight
0x0008 | Focus | Unsigned rational | 1 | If infinite focus, value is '1/0'.
0x0009 | Unknown | Ascii string | 20 | Unknown
0x000a | Digital Zoom | Unsigned rational | 1 | '160/100' means 1.6x digital zoom, '0/100' means no digital zoom (optical zoom only).
0x000b | Converter | Unsigned short | 1 | If Fisheye Converter is used, value is '1'.
0x0f00 | Unknown | Unsigned long | 25~30 | Unknown

At E990, there is no Ascii string. As like the usual IFD (e.g. IFD0, SubIFD), IFD starts from the first byte of data. Nikon D1 also uses this format. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

    :0000: 10 00 01 00 07 00 04 00-00 00 00 01 00 00 02 00  ................
    :0010: 03 00 02 00 00 00 00 00-64 00 03 00 02 00 06 00  ........d.......

The data below is analyzed by Max Lyons .

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
0x0001 | Unknown | Undefined | 4 | Unknown. Always "0100". version?
0x0002 | ISO Setting | Unsigned short | 2 | 0,100=ISO 100 0,200=ISO200 0,400=ISO400 etc.
0x0003 | Color Mode | Ascii string | varies | "COLOR", "B&W"
0x0004 | Quality | Ascii string | varies | "NORMAL", "FINE", "BASIC"
0x0005 | Whitebalance | Ascii string | varies | "AUTO", "WHITE PRESET" etc.
0x0006 | Image Sharpening | Ascii string | varies | "AUTO", "HIGH" etc.
0x0007 | Focus Mode | Ascii string | varies | "AF-S" means Single AF, "AF-C" means Continuous AF.
0x0008 | Flash Setting | Ascii string | varies | "NORMAL", "RED-EYE" etc.
0x000a | Unknown | Unsigned rational | 1 | Unknown, Always '8832/1000'?
0x000f | ISO Selection | Ascii string | varies | "MANUAL":User selected, "AUTO":Automatically selected.
0x0080 | Image Adjustment | Ascii string | varies | "AUTO", "NORMAL", "CONTRAST(+)" etc.
0x0082 | Adapter | Ascii string | varies | "OFF", "FISHEYE 2", "WIDE ADAPTER" etc.
0x0085 | Manual Focus Distance | Unsigned rational | 1 | Distance in Meters if focus was manually selected, otherwise 0
0x0086 | Digital Zoom | Unsigned rational | 1 | '100/100' means no digital zoom (optical zoom only), '140/100' means 1.4x digital zoom.
0x0088 | AF Focus Position | Undefined | 4 | '0,0,0,0':Center, '0,1,0,0':Top, '0,2,0,0':Bottom, '0,3,0,0':Left, '0,4,0,0':right
0x0010 | Data Dump | Undefined | 174 | Unknown.

## Appendix 3: MakerNote of Casio

Casio started to use Exif format from QV2000/QV8000. Casio's MakerNote format is the same as usual IFD (e.g. IFD0, SubIFD0). Example of actual data structure is shown below.

    :0000: 00 14 00 01 00 03 00 00-00 01 00 0A 00 00 00 02 ................
    :0010: 00 03 00 00 00 01 00 03-00 00 00 03 00 03 00 00 ................

The data below is analyzed by Eckhard Henkel .

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
0x0001 | RecordingMode | Unsigned Short | 1 | 1:Single Shutter, 2:Panorama, 3:Night Scene, 4:Portrait, 5:Landscape
0x0002 | Quality | Unsigned Short | 1 | 1:Economy, 2:Normal, 3:Fine
0x0003 | Focusing Mode | Unsigned Short | 1 | 2:Macro, 3:Auto Focus, 4:Manual Focus, 5:Infinity
0x0004 | Flash Mode | Unsigned Short | 1 | 1:Auto, 2:On, 3:Off, 4:Red Eye Reduction
0x0005 | Flash Intensity | Unsigned Short | 1 | 11:Weak, 13:Normal, 15:Strong
0x0006 | Object distance | Unsigned Long | 1 | Object distance in [mm]
0x0007 | White Balance | Unsigned Short | 1 | 1:Auto, 2:Tungsten, 3:Daylight, 4:Fluorescent, 5:Shade, 129:Manual
0x0008 | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x0009 | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x000a | Digital Zoom | Unsigned Long | 1 | 0x10000(65536):'Off', 0x10001(65537):'2X Digital Zoom'
0x000b | Sharpness | Unsigned Short | 1 | 0:Normal, 1:Soft, 2:Hard
0x000c | Contrast | Unsigned Short | 1 | 0:Normal, 1:Low, 2:High
0x000d | Saturation | Unsigned Short | 1 | 0:Normal, 1:Low, 2:High
0x000e | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x000f | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x0010 | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x0011 | Unknown | Unsigned long | 1 | Unknown
0x0012 | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x0013 | Unknown | Unsigned short | 1 | Unknown
0x0014 | CCD Sensitivity | Unsigned short | 1 | QV3000: 64:Normal, 125:+1.0, 250:+2.0, 244:+3.0 QV8000/2000: 80:Normal, 100:High

## Appendix 4: MakerNote of Fujifilm

Fujifilm's digicam added the MakerNote tag from the Year2000's model (e.g.Finepix1400,Finepix4700). It uses IFD format and start from ASCII character 'FUJIFILM', and next 4 bytes(value 0x000c) points the offset to first IFD entry. Example of actual data structure is shown below.

    :0000: 46 55 4A 49 46 49 4C 4D-0C 00 00 00 0F 00 00 00 :0000: FUJIFILM........
    :0010: 07 00 04 00 00 00 30 31-33 30 00 10 02 00 08 00 :0010: ......0130......

There are two big differences to the other manufacturers.

- Fujifilm's Exif data uses Motorola align, but MakerNote ignores it and uses Intel align.
- The other manufacturer's MakerNote counts the "offset to data" from the first byte of TIFF header (same as the other IFD), but Fujifilm counts it from the first byte of MakerNote itself.

I think it's a BUG, but it can't be helped now... The data below is analyzed at Fujifilm FinePix4900Z.

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
0x0000 | Version | Undefined | 4 | Version of MakerNote information. At present, value is "0130".
0x1000 | Quality | Ascii string | 8 | Quality setting. Ascii string "BASIC","NORMAL","FINE"
0x1001 | Sharpness | Unsigned Short | 1 | Sharpness setting. 1or2:soft, 3:normal, 4or5:hard.
0x1002 | White Balance | Unsigned Short | 1 | White balance setting. 0:Auto, 256:Daylight, 512:Cloudy, 768:DaylightColor-fluorescence, 769:DaywhiteColor-fluorescence, 770:White-fluorescence, 1024:Incandenscense, 3840:Custom white balance.
0x1003 | Color | Unsigned Short | 1 | Chroma saturation setting. 0:normal(STD), 256:High, 512:Low(ORG).
0x1004 | Tone | Unsigned Short | 1 | Contrast setting. 0:normal(STD), 256:High(HARD), 512:Low(ORG).
0x1010 | Flash Mode | Unsigned Short | 1 | Flash firing mode setting. 0:Auto, 1:On, 2:Off, 3:Red-eye reduction.
0x1011 | Flash Strength | Signed Rational | 1 | Flash firing strength compensation setting. Unit is APEX(EV) and value is -6/10, -3/10, 0/10, 3/10, 6/10 etc.
0x1020 | Macro | Unsigned Short | 1 | Macro mode setting. 0:Off, 1:On.
0x1021 | Focus mode | Unsigned short | 1 | Focusing mode setting. 0:Auto focus, 1:Manual focus.
0x1030 | SlowSync. | Unsigned short | 1 | Slow synchro mode setting. 0:Off, 1:On.
0x1031 | Picture Mode | Unsigned short | 1 | Picture mode setting. 0:Auto, 1:Portrait scene, 2:Landscape scene, 4:Sports scene, 5:Night scene, 6:Program AE, 256:Aperture prior AE, 512:Shutter prior AE, 768:Manual exposure.
0x1032 | unknown | Unsigned Short | 1 | Unknown
0x1100 | ContTake/Bracket | Unsigned Short | 1 | Continuous taking or auto bracketting mode setting. 0:off, 1:on.
0x1200 | unknown | Unsigned Short | 1 | Unknown
0x1300 | Blur warning | Unsigned Short | 1 | Blur warning status. 0:No blur warning, 1:Blur warning.
0x1301 | Focus warning | Unsigned short | 1 | Auto Focus warning status. 0:Auto Focus good, 1:Out of focus.
0x1302 | AE warning | Unsigned short | 1 | Auto Exposure warning status. 0:AE good, 1:Over exposure (>1/1000s,F11).

## Appendix 5: MakerNote of Canon

The data below was primarily analysed by David Burren and the master version of this information is available at: http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html. Please send any updates to David.
This document is based on his Rev.1.11(2001/01/30) of document.

Canon's MakerNote data is in IFD format, starting at offset 0.

Some of these tags and fields are only produced on cameras such as the EOS D30, but (to current observation) all this is valid for all Canon digicams (at least since the A50). If the tag is not found, or is shorter than shown here, it simply means that data is not supported by that camera.

Tag No. | Tag Name | Format | CompoNo | Value
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0x0 | Unknown | Unsigned Short | 6 | Always 0
0x1 | Unknown | Unsigned Short | varies |
Offset within tag | Meaning
--- | ---
0 | Length of tag in bytes (i.e. twice the number of shorts)
1 | Macro mode | 1: macro 2: normal
2 | If non-zero, length of self-timer in 10ths of a second
3 | unknown
4 | Flash mode | 0: flash not fired 1: auto 2: on 3: red-eye reduction 4: slow synchro 5: auto + red-eye reduction 6: on + red-eye reduction 16: external flash (not set on D30)
5 | Continuous drive mode | 0: single or timer (see field 2) 1: continuous
6 | unknown
7 | Focus Mode | 0: One-Shot 1: AI Servo 2: AI Focus 3: MF 4: Single (but check field 32) 5: Continuous 6: MF
8, 9 | unknown
10 | Image size | 0: large 1: medium 2: small
11 | "Easy shooting" mode | 0: Full Auto 1: Manual 2: Landscape 3: Fast Shutter 4: Slow Shutter 5: Night 6: B&W 7: Sepia 8: Portrait 9: Sports 10: Macro / Close-Up 11: Pan Focus
12 | unknown
13 | Contrast | 0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
14 | Saturation | 0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
15 | Sharpness | 0xffff: low 0x0000: normal 0x0001: high
16 | ISO | If zero, use ISOSpeedRatings EXIF tag instead 15: auto 16: 50 17: 100 18: 200 19: 400
17 | Metering mode | 3: Evaluative 4: Partial 5: Center-weighted
18 | unknown
19 | AF point selected | 0x3000: none (MF) 0x3001: auto-selected 0x3002: right 0x3003: center 0x3004: left
20 | Exposure mode | 0: "Easy shooting" (use field 11) 1: Program 2: Tv-priority 3: Av-priority 4: Manual 5: A-DEP
21, 22 | unknown
23 | "long" focal length of lens (in "focal units")
24 | "short" focal length of lens (in "focal units")
25 | "focal units" per mm
26 - 28 | unknown
29 | Flash details | Bits 15..0: 14: external E-TTL 13: internal flash 11: FP sync used 4: FP sync enabled other bits unknown
30 - 31 | unknown
32 | Focus mode | G1 seems to use this in preference to field 7 0: Single 1: Continuous
0x3 | Unknown | Unsigned Short | 4 | unknown
0x4 | Unknown | Unsigned Short | varies |
Offset within tag | Meaning
--- | ---
0 | Length of tag in bytes (i.e. twice the number of shorts)
1 - 6 | unknown
7 | White balance | 0: auto 1: Sunny 2: Cloudy 3: Tungsten 4: Flourescent 5: Flash 6: Custom
8 | unknown
9 | Sequence number (if in a continuous burst)
10 - 13 | unknown
14 | AF point used | Only set in One-Shot mode? If none used, AF failed or manual focus was used (e.g. on a lens with full-time manual focus) Bits 15..0: 15-12: number of available focus points 2: left 1: center 0: right
15 | Flash bias | 0xffc0: -2 EV 0xffcc: -1.67 EV 0xffd0: -1.50 EV 0xffd4: -1.33 EV 0xffe0: -1 EV 0xffec: -0.67 EV 0xfff0: -0.50 EV 0xfff4: -0.33 EV 0x0000: 0 EV 0x000c: 0.33 EV 0x0010: 0.50 EV 0x0014: 0.67 EV 0x0020: 1 EV 0x002c: 1.33 EV 0x0030: 1.50 EV 0x0034: 1.67 EV 0x0040: 2 EV
16 - 18 | unknown
19 | Subject Distance | Units are either 0.01m or 0.001m (both have been observed). Still investigating. In any case, the SubjectDistance EXIF tag is set by Canon cameras.
0x6 | Image type | Ascii string | 32 | e.g.: "IMG:EOS D30 JPEG" Has trailing whitespace.
0x7 | Firmware version | Ascii string | 24 | May have trailing NULs and whitespace.
0x8 | Image Number | Unsigned Long | 1 | Normally reported as FFF-XXXX. FFF is this value divided by 1000, XXXX is this value mod 1000.
0x9 | Owner name | Ascii string | 32 | May have trailing NULs and whitespace.
0xa | Unknown | Unsigned Short | varies | unknown
0xc | Camera serial number | Unsigned Long | 1 | High 16 bits are printed as a 4-digit hex number. Low 16 bits are printed as a 5-digit decimal number. These are concatenated to form the serial number. Example printf() format string would be "%04X%05d".
0xd | Unknown | Unsigned Short | varies | unknown
0xf | Custom Functions | Unsigned Short | varies | First short is the number of bytes in the tag (i.e. twice the number of shorts) For each other value: the top 8 bits are the C.Fn number, and the lower 8 bits are the value.

### EOS D30 Custom Functions

C.Fn | Name | Value
--- | --- | ---
1 | Long exposure noise reduction | 0: Off 1: On
2 | Shutter/AE-lock buttons | 0: AF/AE lock 1: AE lock/AF 2: AF/AF lock 3: AE+release/AE+AF
3 | Mirror lockup | 0: Disable 1: Enable
4 | Tv/Av and exposure level | 0: 1/2 stop 1: 1/3 stop
5 | AF-assist light | 0: On (auto) 1: Off
6 | Shutter speed in Av mode | 0: Automatic 1: 1/200 (fixed)
7 | AEB sequence/auto cancellation | 0: 0, -, + / Enabled 1: 0, -, + / Disabled 2: -, 0, + / Enabled 3: -, 0, + / Disabled
8 | Shutter curtain sync | 0: 1st-curtain sync 1: 2nd-curtain sync
9 | Lens AF stop button Fn. Switch | 0: AF stop 1: Operate AF 2: Lock AE and start timer
10 | Auto reduction of fill flash | 0: Enable 1: Disable
11 | Menu button return position | 0: Top 1: Previous (volatile) 2: Previous
12 | SET button func. when shooting | 0: Not assigned 1: Change quality 2: Change ISO speed 3: Select parameters
13 | Sensor cleaning | 0: Disable 1: Enable

## History

### rev. 1.4

- Added Makernote of Canon
- Added Color/Tone TAGs to Fujifilm's makernote

### rev. 1.3

- Added Exif2.1 specification
- Added Makernote of Fujifilm

### rev. 1.2

- Added DCF specification
- Added Interoperability IFD
- Added Makernote of Nikon/Casio

### rev. 1.1

- Added byte align explanation to TAG Mark of TIFF header
- Corrected data format of some TAGs to "unsigned short/long"
- Corrected value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
- Added Appendix 1: MakerNote of Olympus

### rev. 1.0

- First release

## Acknowledgement

I would like to thank to;
Daniel Switkin: Byte align of TAG Mark, Format of ImageWidth/ImageLength
Peter Esherick: MakerNote of Olympus
Matthias Wandel: Value of FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
Max Lyons: Makernote of Nikon ...His webpage
Eckhard Henkel: Makernote of Casio ...His webpage
David Burren: FocalPlaneResolutionUnit of Fujifilm's / Makernote of Canon ...His webpage